Objectives: To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and genotypes of human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV-1) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. Methods: One hundred and eighty-eight HSCT patients and 694 healthy blood donors were investigated retrospectively, including their demographic information and HPgV-1 infection status. Results: When compared with healthy blood donors, a significantly higher HPgV-1 prevalence (18.6% vs. 2.3%) and a high risk of HPgV-1 infection (odds ratio 9.7) were observed in HSCT patients (p 0.05), race might be a risk factor for infection (p