Summary: Functional connectome gradients represent fundamental organizing principles of the brain. Here, we report the development of the connectome gradients in preterm and term babies aged 31–42 postmenstrual weeks using task-free functional MRI and its association with postnatal cognitive growth. We show that the principal sensorimotor-to-visual gradient is present during the late preterm period and continuously evolves toward a term-like pattern. The global measurements of this gradient, characterized by explanation ratio, gradient range, and gradient variation, increased with age (p