دورية أكاديمية
Accelerometers and simple algorithms identify activity budgets and body orientation in African elephants Loxodonta africana
| العنوان: | Accelerometers and simple algorithms identify activity budgets and body orientation in African elephants Loxodonta africana |
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| المؤلفون: | Soltis, J, King, L, Vollrath, F, Douglas-Hamilton, I |
| المصدر: | Endangered Species Research, Vol 31, Pp 1-12 (2016) |
| بيانات النشر: | Inter-Research, 2016. |
| سنة النشر: | 2016 |
| المجموعة: | LCC:Zoology LCC:Botany |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989 |
| الوصف: | Accelerometers can be used to monitor animal behavior remotely, but validation is required for each species. Previously, we showed that accelerometer data in collars could be used to identify specific behaviors in African elephants Loxodonta africana, using complex analytical methods. Here, we show that simple methods can also be used to identify elephant activity levels and body orientation. Subjects were 6 African elephants: 3 at Disneyís Animal KingdomÆ, Florida, USA, and 3 in Samburu-Laikipia, Kenya. Each elephant wore a collar containing a tri-axial accelerometer positioned on top of the neck. Simultaneous video recordings allowed validation of accelerometer data against observed behavior. The standard deviation of the total acceleration was shown to be a valid measure of dynamic acceleration, differentiating activity levels associated with resting, feeding, bathing, walking, and rapid walking. The mean of the total acceleration was shown to be a valid measure of static acceleration, and indicated upright and recumbent orientations. Simulations showed how accuracy was affected by sample rate, number of axes examined, and analysis window lengths. Based on 34 continuous 24 h acceleration streams, the 6 elephants exhibited an average of 2.5 h of overnight recumbence associated with minimal movement, indicating sleep. Daily activity budgets exhibited periods of minimal activity (e.g. resting, 17%), low activity (e.g. feeding, 68%), medium activity (e.g. walking, 13%), and high activity (e.g. rapid walking, 2%). Kenyan elephants were slightly more active and exhibited less restful recumbence compared to zoo elephants. Accelerometers in elephant collars can detect activity levels that are associated with specific behaviors, and can detect body orientation as a proxy for sleep. |
| نوع الوثيقة: | article |
| وصف الملف: | electronic resource |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1863-5407 1613-4796 |
| العلاقة: | https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v31/p1-12Test/; https://doaj.org/toc/1863-5407Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1613-4796Test |
| DOI: | 10.3354/esr00746 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://doaj.org/article/92f17796e5d24bc0b250ecf85a57ce09Test |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsdoj.92f17796e5d24bc0b250ecf85a57ce09 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 18635407 16134796 |
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| DOI: | 10.3354/esr00746 |