دورية أكاديمية
Utilization of vanillin to prepare sulfated Calix[4]resorcinarene as efficient organocatalyst for biodiesel production based on methylation of palmitic acid and oleic acid
| العنوان: | Utilization of vanillin to prepare sulfated Calix[4]resorcinarene as efficient organocatalyst for biodiesel production based on methylation of palmitic acid and oleic acid |
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| المؤلفون: | Jumina Jumina, Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan, Ali Bahri Lubis, Eleonora Indira Larasati, Bambang Purwono, Sugeng Triono |
| المصدر: | Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 5, Pp e16100- (2023) |
| بيانات النشر: | Elsevier, 2023. |
| سنة النشر: | 2023 |
| المجموعة: | LCC:Science (General) LCC:Social sciences (General) |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Biodiesel, Calix[4]resorcinarene, Methyl palmitate, Methyl oleate, Organocatalyst, Sulfated, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99 |
| الوصف: | Recently, biodiesel production from palm oils has been thoroughly investigated to substitute crude oil due to its scarcity. However, the biodiesel production process is time-consuming due to its slow kinetics; thus, concentrated sulfuric acid has been used to fasten the reaction process in some industries. Unfortunately, sulfuric acid is a toxic, corrosive, and non-environmentally friendly catalyst. In this study, we prepared sulfated Calix[4]resorcinarene derived from vanillin as an efficient organocatalyst to replace sulfuric acid. The catalytic activity of sulfated Calix[4]resorcinarenes was evaluated through the methylation of palmitic acid and oleic acid as model compounds due to their abundant amounts in palm oil. The Calix[4]resorcinarene and sulfated Calix[4]resorcinarenes have been obtained through a one-pot reaction in 71.8–98.3% yield. Their chemical structures were confirmed by using FTIR, NMR and HRMS spectrometry analyses. The results showed that the sulfated Calix[4]resorcinarene exhibited high catalytic activity for methyl palmitate and methyl oleate productions in 94.8 ± 1.8 and 97.3 ± 2.1% yield, respectively, which was comparable to sulfuric acid (96.3 ± 1.8 and 95.9 ± 2.5%). The optimum condition was achieved by using 0.020 wt equivalent of organocatalyst for 6 h reaction process at 338 K. The methylation of palmitic acid and oleic acid fits well with the first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9940–0.9999) with a reaction rate constant of 0.6055 and 1.1403 h-1, respectively. Further investigation reveals that the hydroxyl group of vanillin plays a pivotal role in the organocatalytic activity of sulfated Calix[4]resorcinarene. |
| نوع الوثيقة: | article |
| وصف الملف: | electronic resource |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 2405-8440 |
| العلاقة: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023033078Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440Test |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16100 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://doaj.org/article/88451452cecb4da8908b7d50d2b3ada2Test |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsdoj.88451452cecb4da8908b7d50d2b3ada2 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 24058440 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16100 |