Abstract Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is considered a public health problem. According to the World Health Organization, MI is a leading cause of death and comorbidities worldwide. Activation of the α1A adrenergic receptor is a contributing factor to the development of MI. Tamsulosin, an α1A adrenergic blocker, has gained wide popularity as a medication for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Limited evidence from previous studies has revealed the potential cardioprotective effects of tamsulosin, as its inhibitory effect on the α1A adrenoceptor protects the heart by acting on the smooth muscle of blood vessels, which results in hypotension; however, its effect on the infarcted heart is still unclear. The mechanisms of the expected cardioprotective effects mediated by tamsulosin are not yet understood. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a mediator of fibrosis, is considered an attractive therapeutic target for remodeling after MI. The role of α1A adrenoceptor inhibition or its relationships with integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and TGF-β/small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling pathways in attenuating MI are unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether tamsulosin attenuates MI by modulating an ILK-related TGF-β/Smad pathway. Methods Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, ISO, TAM, and ISO + TAM. ISO (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was injected on Days 20 and 21 to induce MI. Tamsulosin (0.8 mg/kg, orally) was administered for 21 days, prior to ISO injection for 2 consecutive days. Heart-to-body weight ratios and cardiac and fibrotic biomarker levels were subsequently determined. ILK, TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, and collagen III protein expression levels were determined using biomolecular methods. Results Tamsulosin significantly attenuated the relative heart-to-body weight index (p
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