دورية أكاديمية
HIV-1 phylodynamic analysis among people who inject drugs in Pakistan correlates with trends in illicit opioid trade.
| العنوان: | HIV-1 phylodynamic analysis among people who inject drugs in Pakistan correlates with trends in illicit opioid trade. |
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| المؤلفون: | François Cholette, Jeffrey Joy, Yann Pelcat, Laura H Thompson, Richard Pilon, John Ho, Rupert Capina, Chris Archibald, James F Blanchard, Faran Emmanuel, Tahira Reza, Nosheen Dar, Richard Harrigan, John Kim, Paul Sandstrom |
| المصدر: | PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0237560 (2020) |
| بيانات النشر: | Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2020. |
| سنة النشر: | 2020 |
| المجموعة: | LCC:Medicine LCC:Science |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Medicine, Science |
| الوصف: | Pakistan is considered by the World Health Organization to currently have a "concentrated" HIV-1 epidemic due to a rapid rise in infections among people who inject drugs (PWID). Prevalence among the country's nearly 105,000 PWID is estimated to be 37.8% but has been shown to be higher in several large urban centers. A lack of public health resources, the common use of professional injectors and unsafe injection practices are believed to have fueled the outbreak. Here we evaluate the molecular characteristics of HIV-1 sequences (n = 290) from PWID in several Pakistani cities to examine transmission dynamics and the association between rates of HIV-1 transmission with regards to regional trends in opioid trafficking. Tip-to-tip (patristic) distance based phylogenetic cluster inferences and BEAST2 Bayesian phylodynamic analyses of time-stamped data were performed on HIV-1 pol sequences generated from dried blood spots collected from 1,453 PWID as part of a cross-sectional survey conducted in Pakistan during 2014/2015. Overall, subtype A1 strains were dominant (75.2%) followed by CRF02_AG (14.1%), recombinants/unassigned (7.2%), CRF35_AD (2.1%), G (1.0%) and C (0.3%). Nearly three quarters of the PWID HIV-1 sequences belonged to one of five distinct phylogenetic clusters. Just below half (44.4%) of individuals in the largest cluster (n = 118) did seek help injecting from professional injectors which was previously identified as a strong correlate of HIV-1 infection. Spikes in estimated HIV-1 effective population sizes coincided with increases in opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan, Pakistan's western neighbor. Structured coalescent analysis was undertaken in order to investigate the spatial relationship of HIV-1 transmission among the various cities under study. In general terms, our analysis placed the city of Larkana at the center of the PWID HIV-1 epidemic in Pakistan which is consistent with previous epidemiological data. |
| نوع الوثيقة: | article |
| وصف الملف: | electronic resource |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1932-6203 |
| العلاقة: | https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Test |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0237560 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://doaj.org/article/1024d229d67148eb8e7ee3c6814a4176Test |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsdoj.1024d229d67148eb8e7ee3c6814a4176 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 19326203 |
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| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0237560 |