التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
Impact of mandatory masking amid the COVID-19 pandemic on outdoor smoking: an interrupted time-series analysis of a 33-month unobtrusive observational study |
| المؤلفون: |
Sun, Yuying, Wu, Yongda Socrates, Cheung, Yee Tak Derek, Wang, Man Ping, Chen, Jianjiu, Leung, Lok Tung, Zhang, Xiaoyu, Chak, Kin Yeung, Lam, Tai Hing, Ho, Sai Yin |
| المساهمون: |
Hong Kong Government |
| المصدر: |
Frontiers in Public Health ; volume 11 ; ISSN 2296-2565 |
| بيانات النشر: |
Frontiers Media SA |
| سنة النشر: |
2023 |
| المجموعة: |
Frontiers (Publisher - via CrossRef) |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: |
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health |
| الوصف: |
Background Mask-wearing in outdoor public places in Hong Kong was mandated on 29 July 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate the impact of mandatory masking with no exemption for smoking on outdoor smoking. Methods We conducted 253 unobtrusive observations at 10 outdoor smoking hotspots in 33 months from July 2019 to March 2022 and counted smokers and non-smoking pedestrians in fixed boundaries. We conducted interrupted time-series analyses on the monthly mean volume of smokers (persons per hour) using generalized linear models. The independent variables were as follows: time since the first observation, implementation of the mask regulation, time since the regulation, seasonality, and waves 1–5 outbreaks. We checked the robustness of the association using the daily mean volume of smokers as the dependent variable. Two sensitivity analyses were conducted to include the hotspot location or the number of all pedestrians as an offset. Results Monthly outdoor smoking decreased immediately after the regulation (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.505, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.374 to 0.680, P < 0.001). Daily smoking analysis and the two sensitivity analyses supported the results. However, monthly outdoor smoking increased by 11% since the regulation (IRR: 1.110, 95% CI: 1.074 to 1.147, P < 0.001). An exception was observed at the most severe wave 5 outbreak when monthly outdoor smoking decreased (IRR: 0.415, 95% CI: 0.327 to 0.525, P < 0.001). Conclusion Outdoor smoking fell immediately after mandatory masking, rebounded to pre-pandemic levels, and decreased again at the most severe wave 5. |
| نوع الوثيقة: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| اللغة: |
unknown |
| DOI: |
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136621 |
| DOI: |
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136621/full |
| الإتاحة: |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136621Test |
| حقوق: |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Test/ |
| رقم الانضمام: |
edsbas.BDA72250 |
| قاعدة البيانات: |
BASE |
