Identification of Two Anthocyanidin Reductase Genes and Three Red-Brown Soybean Accessions with Reduced Anthocyanidin Reductase 1 mRNA, Activity, and Seed Coat Proanthocyanidin Amounts
| العنوان: | Identification of Two Anthocyanidin Reductase Genes and Three Red-Brown Soybean Accessions with Reduced Anthocyanidin Reductase 1 mRNA, Activity, and Seed Coat Proanthocyanidin Amounts |
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| المؤلفون: | Ammar Saleem, Nik Kovinich, John T. Arnason, Brian Miki |
| المصدر: | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60:574-584 |
| بيانات النشر: | American Chemical Society (ACS), 2012. |
| سنة النشر: | 2012 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Coat, Flavonoid, Mutant, Cyanidin, Color, Biology, Genes, Plant, Genetically modified soybean, Catechin, Anthocyanidin reductase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases, Proanthocyanidins, RNA, Messenger, Phylogeny, chemistry.chemical_classification, food and beverages, General Chemistry, Recombinant Proteins, chemistry, Biochemistry, Proanthocyanidin, Multigene Family, Anthocyanin, Mutation, Seeds, Soybeans, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
| الوصف: | Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR; EC 1.3.1.77) catalyzes a key step in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (PAs; also known as condensed tannins), flavonoid metabolites responsible for the brown pigmentation of seeds. Here, two ANR genes (ANR1 and ANR2) from the seed coat of brown soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) have been isolated and their enzymatic function confirmed for the reduction of cyanidin to (-)-epicatechin in vitro. Biochemical and genetic comparisons of soybean lines differing in seed coat color revealed three red-brown lines to exhibit major reductions in the amounts of soluble PAs in the seed coat compared to brown soybean lines. Two spontaneous mutants with red-brown grain color had reduced ANR1 gene expression in the seed coat, and an EMS-mutagenized red-brown mutant had nonsynonymous substitutions that resulted in slightly reduced ANR1 activity in vitro. These results suggest that defects in the ANR1 gene can be associated with red-brown soybean grain color. These results suggest that suppressing ANR1 gene expression or activity may be a rational approach toward engineering seed coat color to enable the visual identification of genetically modified soybean grains. |
| تدمد: | 1520-5118 0021-8561 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f2c90a0bcfcd8fad54e8ad6b3fbd1d0fTest https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2033939Test |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....f2c90a0bcfcd8fad54e8ad6b3fbd1d0f |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 15205118 00218561 |
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