Associations between historical redlining and birth outcomes from 2006 through 2015 in California
| العنوان: | Associations between historical redlining and birth outcomes from 2006 through 2015 in California |
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| المؤلفون: | Anthony Nardone, Mahasin S. Mujahid, Deborah Karasek, Kara E. Rudolph, Joan A. Casey, Rachel Morello-Frosch |
| المساهمون: | Khan, Hafiz TA |
| المصدر: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0237241 (2020) PloS one, vol 15, iss 8 |
| بيانات النشر: | Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2020. |
| سنة النشر: | 2020 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Male, Physiology, Epidemiology, Maternal Health, Social Sciences, Reproductive health and childbirth, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Social Geography, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Residence Characteristics, Infant Mortality, Medicine and Health Sciences, Birth Weight, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Geographic Areas, Pediatric, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Pregnancy Outcome, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, Physiological Parameters, Research Design, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Neighborhoods, Premature Birth, Female, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, Research Article, Urban Areas, Adult, Census, General Science & Technology, Science, Birth weight, Population, Preterm Birth, Research and Analysis Methods, Human Geography, Odds, Urban Geography, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Preterm, Clinical Research, Humans, Redlining, Propensity Score, education, Retrospective Studies, Survey Research, Health Care Policy, Social Segregation, 030505 public health, business.industry, Prevention, Body Weight, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Biology and Life Sciences, Odds ratio, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Infant, Low Birth Weight, medicine.disease, Pregnancy Complications, Health Care, Low birth weight, Good Health and Well Being, Socioeconomic Factors, Medical Risk Factors, Propensity score matching, Birth, Earth Sciences, Small for Gestational Age, Women's Health, Small for gestational age, San Francisco, business, Demography |
| الوصف: | Author(s): Nardone, Anthony L; Casey, Joan A; Rudolph, Kara E; Karasek, Deborah; Mujahid, Mahasin; Morello-Frosch, Rachel | Abstract: BackgroundDespite being one of the wealthiest nations, disparities in adverse birth outcomes persist across racial and ethnic lines in the United States. We studied the association between historical redlining and preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), small-for-gestational age (SGA), and perinatal mortality over a ten-year period (2006-2015) in Los Angeles, Oakland, and San Francisco, California.MethodsWe used birth outcomes data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015. Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) Security Maps developed in the 1930s assigned neighborhoods one of four grades that pertained to perceived investment risk of borrowers from that neighborhood: green (grade A) were considered "Best", blue (grade B) "Still Desirable", yellow (grade C) "Definitely Declining", and red (grade D, hence the term "redlining") "Hazardous". Geocoded residential addresses at the time of birth were superimposed on HOLC Security Maps to assign each birth a HOLC grade. We adjusted for potential confounders present at the time of Security Map creation by assigning HOLC polygons areal-weighted 1940s Census measures. We then employed propensity score matching methods to estimate the association of historical HOLC grades on current birth outcomes. Because tracts graded A had almost no propensity of receiving grade C or D and because grade B tracts had low propensity of receiving grade D, we examined birth outcomes in the three following comparisons: B vs. A, C vs. B, and D vs. C.ResultsThe prevalence of preterm birth, SGA and mortality tended to be higher in worse HOLC grades, while the prevalence of LBW varied across grades. Overall odds of mortality and preterm birth increased as HOLC grade worsened. Propensity score matching balanced 1940s census measures across contrasting groups. Logistic regression models revealed significantly elevated odds of preterm birth (odds ratio (OR): 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-1.05), and SGA (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05) in the C vs. B comparison and significantly reduced odds of preterm birth (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91-0.95), LBW (OR: 0.94-95% CI: 0.92-0.97), and SGA (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.96) in the D vs. C comparison. Results differed by metropolitan area and maternal race.ConclusionSimilar to prior studies on redlining, we found that worsening HOLC grade was associated with adverse birth outcomes, although this relationship was less clear after propensity score matching and stratifying by metropolitan area. Higher odds of preterm birth and SGA in grade C versus grade B neighborhoods may be caused by higher-stress environments, racial segregation, and lack of access to resources, while lower odds of preterm birth, SGA, and LBW in grade D versus grade C neighborhoods may due to population shifts in those neighborhoods related to gentrification. |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| تدمد: | 1932-6203 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::de63c4c25d5dfc77aa58d581889614e8Test https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237241Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....de63c4c25d5dfc77aa58d581889614e8 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 19326203 |
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