Decreased Interleukin-4 Release from the Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus in Response to Immobilization Stress
| العنوان: | Decreased Interleukin-4 Release from the Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus in Response to Immobilization Stress |
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| المؤلفون: | Hyun-ju Lee, Kyungeh An, Insop Shim, Hyun Jung Park, Angela Starkweather |
| المصدر: | Mediators of Inflammation Mediators of Inflammation, Vol 2016 (2016) |
| بيانات النشر: | Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2016. |
| سنة النشر: | 2016 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Article Subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Inflammation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, Random Allocation, 0302 clinical medicine, Glucocorticoid receptor, Stress, Physiological, Internal medicine, lcsh:Pathology, medicine, Animals, Chronic stress, Secretion, Maze Learning, Interleukin 4, Neurons, Tyrosine hydroxylase, business.industry, Cell Biology, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Cytokine, Locus coeruleus, Locus Coeruleus, Interleukin-4, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, lcsh:RB1-214, Research Article |
| الوصف: | It has been demonstrated that immobilization (IMO) stress affects neuroimmune systems followed by alterations of physiology and behavior. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is known to regulate inflammation caused by immune challenge but the effect of IMO on modulation of IL-4 expression in the brain has not been assessed yet. Here, it was demonstrated that IL-4 was produced by noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) of the brain and release of IL-4 was reduced in response to IMO. It was observed that IMO groups were more anxious than nontreated groups. Acute IMO (2 h/day, once) stimulated secretion of plasma corticosterone and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the LC whereas these increments were diminished in exposure to chronic stress (2 h/day, 21 consecutive days). Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), TH, and IL-4-expressing cells were localized in identical neurons of the LC, indicating that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal- (HPA-) axis and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary- (SAM-) axis might be involved in IL-4 secretion in the stress response. Accordingly, it was concluded that stress-induced decline of IL-4 concentration from LC neurons may be related to anxiety-like behavior and an inverse relationship exists between IL-4 secretion and HPA/SAM-axes activation. |
| وصف الملف: | text/xhtml |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1466-1861 0962-9351 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a123b3a0749a3761c78ff8da03ee2ae4Test http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4745346Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....a123b3a0749a3761c78ff8da03ee2ae4 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 14661861 09629351 |
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