In the setting of cancer pathology, molecular characterization of tumors providing diagnostic and predictive information is acquiring more and more relevance. Moreover, the advent of innovative technologies continuously improves the knowledge of the molecular landscape of tumors and strengthens the links between clinics, tumor pathology and molecular features. In the clinical management of patients with thyroid nodules and thyroid tumors, the aid of molecular testing is encouraged but still not strongly recommended by current guidelines. Also for this reason this field of study is attracting much interest. The nCounter system is a relatively new technology based on a direct hybridization of fluorescent probes to specific nucleic acid targets, followed by digital measurement of signals; the reaction is highly multiplexable and results are robust and reproducible. This review reports and discusses the available data related to the application of this specific technique to thyroid nodules and thyroid tumors samples. The available data indicate that nCounter system represents a solid approach for the research of relevant diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in thyroid pathology.
