On the basis of the analysis of foreign and Russian scientific studies the current data on the role of the intestinal microbiota in the formation of immunity and changes in its qualitative composition in the formation of various diseases are presented: For example, a decrease or absence of Helicobacter pylori is associated with bronchial asthma and reflux esophagitis in childhood, a change in Firmicutes/Actinobacteria ratio in psoriasis, and Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio in the gastrointestinal tract in obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases are accompanied by an increase in Enterobacteriaceae, functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract by a growth of Veillonella bacteria. The article shows the mechanisms of influence of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts on reducing the frequency of repeated infections by induction of antiviral defense genes, which in studies of probiotic therapy is confirmed by significant clinical effects. A discussion of the benefits of multistrain probiotics with comprehensive effects on the intestinal microbiota is provided. The importance of including probiotic strains in the complex therapy of acute respiratory infections is confirmed by the studies proving their positive effect on the child’s immunity, reducing the severity of the disease and the frequency of complications and relapses. The results of modern scientific research prove the importance of the optimal ratio of probiotic strains in the combination of lactoand bifidobacteria, as well as their strain specificity. The article presents information on a synbiotic created using an innovative protective technology of each sachet microgranule including a combination of 9 probiotic strains of lactoand bifidobacteria. The presence of fructooligosaccharide in the prebiotic component enhances the effect of the probiotic component.
