Geospatial distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and its association with social determinants
| العنوان: | Geospatial distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and its association with social determinants |
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| المؤلفون: | Clarissa Perez Faria, Ricardo Almendra, Sidnei da Silva, Maria do Céu Sousa, Gisele Silva Dias, Paula Santana, Marcelo Bessa de Freitas, Graziela Maria Zanini |
| المصدر: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 11, Iss 3, p e0005445 (2017) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| بيانات النشر: | Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2017. |
| سنة النشر: | 2017 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Male, Population Dynamics, Geographical locations, Feces, Intestinal Parasites, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, Child, Protozoans, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, 1. No poverty, Entamoeba coli, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Helminth Infections, Child, Preschool, Female, Topography, Medical, Ascaris lumbricoides, Brazil, Research Article, Adult, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Adolescent, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Strongyloides stercoralis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Entamoeba histolytica, Environmental health, Protozoan infection, parasitic diseases, Parasitic Diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Helminths, Parasites, education, Aged, Demography, Spatial Analysis, Blastocystis, Protozoan Infections, Population Biology, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Organisms, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, Infant, lcsh:RA1-1270, South America, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Geographic Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Parasitology, People and places, Parasitic Intestinal Diseases |
| الوصف: | Background Intestinal parasitic infections remain among the most common infectious diseases worldwide. This study aimed to estimate their prevalence and provide a detailed analysis of geographical distribution of intestinal parasites in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, considering demographic, socio-economic, and epidemiological contextual factors. Methods/Principal findings The cross-section survey was conducted among individuals attending the Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (FIOCRUZ, RJ) during the period from April 2012 to February 2015. Stool samples were collected and processed by sedimentation, flotation, Kato-Katz, Baermann-Moraes and Graham methods, iron haematoxylin staining and safranin staining. Of the 3245 individuals analysed, 569 (17.5%) were infected with at least one parasite. The most common protozoa were Endolimax nana (28.8%), Entamoeba coli (14.8%), Complex Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (13.5%), Blastocystis hominis (12.7%), and Giardia lamblia (8.1%). Strongyloides stercoralis (4.3%), Schistosoma mansoni (3.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.6%), and hookworms (1.5%) were the most frequent helminths. There was a high frequency of contamination by protozoa (87%), and multiple infections were observed in 141 participants (24.8%). A positive association between age (young children) and gender (male) with intestinal parasites was observed. Geospatial distribution of the detected intestinal parasitic infections was not random or homogeneous, but was influenced by socioeconomic conditions (through the material deprivation index (MDI)). Participants classified in the highest levels of deprivation had higher risk of having intestinal parasites. Conclusions/Significance This study provides the first epidemiological information on the prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. Intestinal parasites, especially protozoa, are highly prevalent, indicating that parasitic infections are still a serious public health problem. MDI showed that intestinal parasites were strongly associated with the socioeconomic status of the population, thus making it possible to identify social vulnerable areas. Author summary Intestinal parasitic infections are considered indicators of health and socio-environmental vulnerability, and are associated with precarious sanitation and water quality of a country. They continue to pose a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries where sanitation is not expanded in line with population growth, such that access to basic services becomes more difficult. Although Brazil is a country with a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, the prevalence in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (the second largest metropolitan area in the country) has not been estimated. Based on the identification of social determinants (income, education and sanitation), our group was able to identify vulnerable areas for intestinal parasitic infection in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Infections caused by intestinal parasites are not included in the list of diseases compulsory notification in Brazil. However, special attention should be focused on this topic, and information on the geographic distribution and prevalence of intestinal parasites, as well as the recognition of vulnerable areas, are the first steps, and a prerequisite for development of appropriate control strategies by the government. |
| تدمد: | 1935-2735 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::1b1467215b7422c81cfc68b44ecc1414Test https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005445Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....1b1467215b7422c81cfc68b44ecc1414 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 19352735 |
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