Mammalian heart is a dynamic organ that can adapt morphological changes in response to alteration in workload. Various clinical and experimental findings revealed that in response to physiological stimuli or pathological insults, the heart undergoes cardiac remodeling which can be characterized by molecular, cellular or interstitial changes and can be manifested clinically as changes in size, shape and pumping function of the heart. A Sound understanding of changes in hearts cellular and molecular components and to mediators that derive homeostatic control is necessary before a specific intervention is pursued. Summarized data of this review comprises role of various novel emerging molecular pathways involvement in the pathophysiology of cardiac remodeling. Keywords: Cardiac remodeling, hypertrophy, protein kinase, heart failure, molecular targets, pathological insult.
