Genotype and Vascular Phenotype Linked by Catecholamine Systems
| العنوان: | Genotype and Vascular Phenotype Linked by Catecholamine Systems |
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| المؤلفون: | David S. Goldstein |
| المصدر: | Circulation. 117:458-461 |
| بيانات النشر: | Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2008. |
| سنة النشر: | 2008 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | medicine.medical_specialty, Sympathetic nervous system, Neuroeffector, biology, business.industry, Tyramine, Pharmacology, Reuptake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Norepinephrine, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Norepinephrine transporter, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Catecholamine, biology.protein, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Neurotransmitter, business, medicine.drug |
| الوصف: | In this issue of Circulation , Fung and coworkers1 report associations between hand venous responses to the indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine tyramine and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding particular proteins related to the synthesis, release, reuptake, and metabolism of catecholamines. The importance of these associations lies in their illustrating how genotypic differences may contribute to phenotypic differences in circulatory functions in healthy adults via sympathetic neuroeffector mechanisms. More generally, identification of SNPs related to catecholamine systems may provide insights into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of a variety of cardiovascular disorders.2 Article p 517 To provide perspective about these findings, this editorial compares and contrasts tyramine-induced changes and sympathetic neuroeffector functions; discusses strengths and weaknesses of the dorsal hand vein model; emphasizes the potential of clinical catecholamine neurochemistry to link genotype with cardiovascular phenotype; and conveys a viewpoint on observational versus hypothesis-driven genotyping. Tyramine produces vasoconstriction via release of endogenous norepinephrine, the main neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system mediating cardiovascular responses to stressors. The authors relied on the local vascular actions of tyramine as an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine to draw inferences about sympathetic neuroeffector functions. Mechanisms of tyramine-induced norepinephrine release differ in several respects from those of sympathetically mediated norepinephrine release. The Figure depicts some of these differences. Figure. Mechanisms of sympathetically mediated and tyramine-induced norepinephrine release. NE indicates norepinephrine; TYR, tyramine; AR, aldehyde reductase; VMAT, vesicular monoamine transporter; and MAO, monoamine oxidase. First, tyramine releases norepinephrine in a calcium-independent manner3 that is not exocytotic,4 in contrast to calcium-dependent exocytosis in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. Tyramine displaces norepinephrine from storage vesicles, possibly by alkalinizing them.5 Because most of the vesicles would not be expected to be in communication with the extracellular fluid under resting conditions, most of the displaced norepinephrine … |
| تدمد: | 1524-4539 0009-7322 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::44d6fb52c48bb46ed1e621437718de4aTest https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.107.745737Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi...........44d6fb52c48bb46ed1e621437718de4a |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 15244539 00097322 |
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