Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) rely on classification algorithms to detect the patterns of the brain signals that encode the mental task performed by the user. Therefore, robust and reliable classification techniques should be developed and evaluated to recognize the user's mental task with high accuracy. This paper proposes the use of the novel dendrite morphological neural networks (DMNN) for the recognition of voluntary movements from electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. This technique was evaluated with two studies. The first aimed to evaluate the performance of DMNN in the recognition of motor execution and motor imagery tasks and to carry out a systematic comparison with support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) which are the two classifiers mostly used in BCI systems. EEG signals from twelve healthy students were recorded during a cue-based hand motor execution and imagery experiment. The results showed that DMNN provided decoding accuracies of 80% for motor execution and 77% for motor imagery, which were significantly different than the chance level (p
