التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
THE EARLY EXPERIENCE OF TACTILE STIMULATION AND ITS BEHAVIORAL CONSEQUENCES RELATED TO SOCIALIZATION IN MAMMALS. |
| المؤلفون: |
Gromov, Vladimir S. |
| المصدر: |
Journal of Communications Research; 2013, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p111-138, 28p, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: |
SOCIAL behavior in mammals, MAMMAL behavior, ANIMAL courtship, ANIMAL sexual behavior, ANIMAL species |
| مستخلص: |
Comparative studies demonstrate that different mammalian species show substantial inter-specific variation in their mating strategies, social organization, and patterns of social behavior, especially parental related to tactile (somatosensory) stimulation of infants. In this chapter, I used data from previously published studies to show how the early social environment can affect the subsequent behavior of offspring related to parental responsiveness, pair (male-female) bond formation, and socialization in mammals. According to the social network concept, social interactions are very important for the development of infant mammals, and socialization processes differ in various social environments. Recent studies carried out mainly on some rodent species have shown that sociality means the formation of a complicated social structure (communicative complexity, Blumstein & Armitage 1997) that is characteristic of species living in family groups. In rodents, the family-group mode of life particularly means participation of both parents in direct care of the young related primarily to a higher rate of tactile stimulation of pups in the form of brooding (or huddling over) and licking (grooming). Early social contact between mother and offspring is proven to shape the neural and behavioral development of the young (Numan & Insel 2003; Numan et al. 2006). Experimental reductions in maternal licking produce behavioral deficits in adult male sexual behavior (Moor 1984), as well as in female parental responsiveness, especially the one related to brooding and grooming infants (Gonzalez et al. 2001; Gonzalez & Fleming 2002). The same reductions in paternal care related to brooding and grooming pups result in a decrease of adult male parental responsiveness and weakening pair bonds (Gromov 2009). These negative effects may also include aggression addressed to mates or even own offspring. In other words, artificially reared females become =bad mothers' (Gonzalez et al. 2001), and father-deprived males become both =bad mates' and =bad fathers' (Gromov 2009, 2011). On the contrary, a higher rate of young-directed tactile stimulation results in adult individuals that are non-aggressive to their mates and offspring, more parentally responsive and behaviorally stable. The crucial importance of long-lasting tactile contact for the neural and behavioral development of the young is evident not only for non-human mammals but for primates and human as well (Harlow & Mears 1979; Johnson et al. 1992; Stern 1997). Thus, tactile stimulation of infants may prove to be an important factor affecting socialization processes in different mammal species living in family groups, and more over in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| قاعدة البيانات: |
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