| مستخلص: |
In recent times, there has been an amplified interest in exploring fresh applications of biogas, attributed to the rising concerns surrounding climate change and an enhanced emphasis on the utilization of renewable energy sources. This manuscript undertakes a comprehensive assessment of recent advancements in the domains of dry, bi-, and tri-reforming. Notably, it emphasizes situations in which the CO 2 present in biogas assumes the role of an oxidant or partial oxidant. A comparative evaluation of various techniques and the exploration of recent catalysts employed in the reforming process and techno-economic biogas conversion applications are also deliberated in this analysis. Biogas conversion exhibits economic feasibility, typically with a payback period ranging from 4 to 8 years. Opting for a higher reaction temperature within the range of 830–900 °C is typically favored as it results in increased CH 4 and CO 2 conversions within the bi-reforming of the biogas process. Similarly, the temperature range is maintained between 750 and 850 °C and 850–1000 °C or above (depending on various factors) for dry reforming and tri reforming respectively. In general, biogas can undergo conversion processes to produce hydrogen, methanol, compressed natural gas, liquid fuel, wax, and form of heat. The inclusive conversion of biogas efficiency ranges from around 35%–80%, depending on the specific type of product being generated. [Display omitted] • Study investigates biogas valorization for H 2 production. • Desire H 2 /CO molar ratio decreases for H 2 production above 2.2. • Ni/CeO 2 –ZrO 2 nanoparticles appear promising as a catalyst. • Bi, dry, and tri-reforming optimize at 830–900 °C, 750–850 °C, and 850–1000 °C or higher, respectively. • Biogas conversion is 35–80% efficient, with a 4–8 year average payback period based on economic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
