The Deregulated Immune Reaction and Cytokines Release Storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease
| العنوان: | The Deregulated Immune Reaction and Cytokines Release Storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease |
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| المؤلفون: | Ritu Pasrija, Mohammad Naime |
| المصدر: | International Immunopharmacology |
| بيانات النشر: | Elsevier B.V., 2020. |
| سنة النشر: | 2020 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 0301 basic medicine, Corona virus, Immunology, ACE2, deregulated immune response, Inflammation, Disease, Review, Lung injury, Virus, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Viral entry, Medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Humans, Pharmacology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, immune cell homeostasis, COVID-19, cytokine release storm (CRS), 030104 developmental biology, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cytokines, Th17 Cells, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, medicine.symptom, business, Cytokine Release Syndrome |
| الوصف: | Highlights • SARS-CoV-2 infections can be broadly kept in three categories: mild, moderate and critical. • Critical patients display deregulated innate and acquired immune response. • Innate response display delayed release of type-I interferons. • Acquired immune response exhibit lymphocytopenia, involving decrease in CD8+Tc cells, CD4+ Th cells and B-lymphocytes. • Tregs and IL-6 play important role in dysregulation. COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, accompanies an unprecedented spike in cytokines levels termed cytokines release syndrome, in critically ill patients. Clinicians claim that the surge demonstrates a deregulated immune defence in host, as infected cell expression analysis depicts a delay in type-I (interferon-I) and type-III IFNs expression, along with a limited Interferon-Stimulated Gene response, which later resume and culminates in elicitation of several cytokines including- IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα, IL-17, MCP-1, IP-10 and IL-10 etc. Although cytokines are messenger molecules of the immune system, but their increased concentration results in inflammation, infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and lung injury in patients. This inflammatory response results in the precarious pathogenesis of COVID-19; thus, a complete estimation of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is vital in designing a harmless and effective vaccine. In pathogenesis analysis, it emerges that a timely forceful type-I IFN production (18–24 hrs post infection) promotes innate and acquired immune responses, while a delay in IFNs production (3–4 days post infection) actually renders both innate and acquired responses ineffective in fighting infection. Further, underlying conditions including hypertension, obesity, cardio-vascular disease etc may increase the chances of putting people in risk groups, which end up having critical form of infection. This review summarizes the events starting from viral entry, its struggle with the immune system and failure of host immunological parameters to obliterate the infections, which finally culminate into massive release of CRS and inflammation in gravely ill patients. |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1878-1705 1567-5769 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::484b354c5a82bfcfb8eb4441c80b901dTest http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7691139Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....484b354c5a82bfcfb8eb4441c80b901d |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 18781705 15675769 |
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