A New Mass Production Technology for High-Efficiency Thin-Film CIS-Absorber Formation
| العنوان: | A New Mass Production Technology for High-Efficiency Thin-Film CIS-Absorber Formation |
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| المؤلفون: | Jochen Feichtinger, Volker Nadenau, Frank Hergert, Immo Koetschau, Markus Maier, Bernd Walther, Thomas Hahn, Emmerich Novak, Axel Jasenek, Volker Probst, Heinz Eschrich |
| المصدر: | IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. 4:687-692 |
| بيانات النشر: | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2014. |
| سنة النشر: | 2014 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Soda-lime glass, Materials science, Atmospheric pressure, Heat transfer, Analytical chemistry, Deposition (phase transition), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, Condensed Matter Physics, Durability, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Forced convection, Corrosion |
| الوصف: | A new mass production technology for CIS-absorber formation yielding high-average module efficiencies is introduced. A novel custom-designed oven very successfully exploits the principle of forced convection during heating, CIS formation reaction, and cooling. Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 absorbers are formed by metal precursor deposition on soda lime glass followed by reaction in selenium/sulfur atmosphere. Processing is performed in a multiple-chamber equipment which handles corrosive, flammable, and toxic process gases from atmospheric pressure to vacuum at high durability. The substrates (size: 50 cm × 120 cm) are processed in batches up to 102 substrates, applying forced convection for very homogenous heat transfer and high heating and cooling rates. Multiple-chamber design and batch size yield high throughput at cycle times above 1 h. This approach combines the specific advantages of batch type and inline processing. An excellent average efficiency of 14.3% with a narrow distribution (+/-0.31%) and a peak efficiency of 15.1% is shown with this technology. Module characteristic distributions during pilot production are presented. Detailed layer analytics is discussed. This straightforward reliable mass production technology is a key for highest module performance and for upscaling. Module efficiencies of 17% can be reached, enabling production costs below 0.38 US$/Wp in a projected GWp plant. |
| تدمد: | 2156-3403 2156-3381 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::3510c03a911f0b21fef1c4b6844f427aTest https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2014.2302235Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi...........3510c03a911f0b21fef1c4b6844f427a |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 21563403 21563381 |
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