دورية أكاديمية
Interleukin-6 and Macular Edema: A Review of Outcomes with Inhibition
العنوان: | Interleukin-6 and Macular Edema: A Review of Outcomes with Inhibition |
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المؤلفون: | Janine Yunfan Yang, David Goldberg, Lucia Sobrin |
المصدر: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 5, p 4676 (2023) |
بيانات النشر: | MDPI AG, 2023. |
سنة النشر: | 2023 |
المجموعة: | LCC:Biology (General) LCC:Chemistry |
مصطلحات موضوعية: | interleukin-6 inhibitors, tocilizumab, sarilumab, macular edema, non-infectious uveitis, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999 |
الوصف: | This paper describes the current literature on the molecular pathophysiology of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the genesis of macular edema and on the outcomes with IL-6 inhibitors in the treatment of non-infectious macular edema. The role of IL-6 in the development of macular edema has been well elucidated. IL-6 is produced by multiple cells of the innate immune system and leads to a higher likelihood of developing autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as non-infectious uveitis, through a variety of mechanisms. These include increasing the helper T-cell population over the regulatory T-cell population and leading to the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In addition to being key in the generation of uveitis and subsequent macular edema through these inflammatory pathways, IL-6 also can lead to the development of macular edema through other pathways. IL-6 induces the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and facilitates vascular leakage by downregulating tight junction proteins in retinal endothelial cells. Clinically, the use of IL-6 inhibitors has been found to be efficacious primarily in the context of treatment-resistant non-infectious uveitis and secondary macular edema. IL-6 is a key cytokine in retinal inflammation and macular edema. It is thus not surprising that the use of IL-6 inhibitors in treatment-resistant macular edema in the setting of non-infectious uveitis has been well documented as an effective treatment option. The use of IL-6 inhibitors in macular edema secondary to non-uveitic processes has only begun to be explored. |
نوع الوثيقة: | article |
وصف الملف: | electronic resource |
اللغة: | English |
تدمد: | 1422-0067 1661-6596 |
العلاقة: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4676Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Test |
DOI: | 10.3390/ijms24054676 |
الوصول الحر: | https://doaj.org/article/412a8878586e45fd8e59cbc99fa8c604Test |
رقم الانضمام: | edsdoj.412a8878586e45fd8e59cbc99fa8c604 |
قاعدة البيانات: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
تدمد: | 14220067 16616596 |
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DOI: | 10.3390/ijms24054676 |