يعرض 1 - 4 نتائج من 4 نتيجة بحث عن '"А. Г. Романовских"', وقت الاستعلام: 0.71s تنقيح النتائج
  1. 1
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council; № 18 (2022); 122-130 ; Медицинский Совет; № 18 (2022); 122-130 ; 2658-5790 ; 2079-701X

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    العلاقة: https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7130/6402Test; To T., Stanojevic S., Moores G., Gershon A.S., Bateman E.D., Cruz A.A., Boulet L.P. Global asthma prevalence in adults: findings from the crosssectional world health survey. BMC Public Health. 2012;(12):204. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-204Test.; Masoli M., Fabian D., Holt S., Beasley R. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Program. The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy. 2004;59(5):469–478. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00526.xTest.; Lozano R., Naghavi M., Foreman K., Lim S., Shibuya K., Aboyans V. et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2095–2128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736Test(12)61728-0.; Vos T., Flaxman A.D., Naghavi M., Lozano R., Michaud C., Ezzati M. et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2163–2196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736Test(12)61729-2.; Cisneros Serrano C., Melero Moreno C., Almonacid Sánchez C., Perpiñá Tordera M., Picado Valles C., Martínez Moragón E. et al. Guidelines for severe uncontrolled asthma. Arch Bronconeumol. 2015;51(5):235–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2014.12.007Test.; Chung K.F., Wenzel S.E., Brozek J.L., Bush A., Castro M., Sterk P.J. et al. International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(2):343–373. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00202013Test.; Corne J.M., Marshall C., Smith S., Schreiber J., Sanderson G., Holgate S.T., Johnston S.L. Frequency, severity, and duration of rhinovirus infections in asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet. 2002;359(9309):831–834. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736Test(02)07953-9.; Jackson D.J., Trujillo-Torralbo M.B., del-Rosario J., Bartlett N.W., Edwards M.R., Mallia P. et al. The influence of asthma control on the severity of virus-induced asthma exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(2):497–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.028Test.; Sykes A., Edwards M.R., Macintyre J., del Rosario A., Bakhsoliani E., Trujillo- Torralbo M.B. et al. Rhinovirus 16-induced IFN-α and IFN-β are deficient in bronchoalveolar lavage cells in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(6):1506–1514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.03.044Test.; Wark P.A., Johnston S.L., Bucchieri F., Powell R., Puddicombe S., Laza- Stanca V. et al. Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells have a deficient innate immune response to infection with rhinovirus. J Exp Med. 2005;201(6):937–947. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20041901Test.; Contoli M., Message S.D., Laza-Stanca V., Edwards M.R., Wark P.A., Bartlett N.W. et al. Role of deficient type III interferon-lambda production in asthma exacerbations. Nat Med. 2006;12(9):1023–1026. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1462Test.; Chen N., Zhou M., Dong X., Qu J., Gong F., Han Y. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736Test(20)30211-7.; Li X., Xu S., Yu M., Wang K., Tao Y., Zhou Y. et al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(1):110–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006Test.; Bhatraju P.K., Ghassemieh B.J., Nichols M., Kim R., Jerome K.R., Nalla A.K. COVID-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle region – case series. N Engl J Med. 2020;(382):2012–2022. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2004500Test.; Garg S., Kim L., Whitaker M., O`Halloran A., Cummings C., Holstein R. et al. Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 – COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1–30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(15):458–464. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e3Test.; Myers L.C., Parodi S.M., Escobar G.J., Liu V.X. Characteristics of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 in an integrated health care system in California. JAMA. 2020;323(21):2195–2198. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.7202Test.; Chhiba K.D., Patel G.B., Vu T.H.T., Chen M.M., Guo A., Kudlaty E. et al. Prevalence and characterization of asthma in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(2):307–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.06.010Test.; Cummings M.J., Baldwin M.R., Abrams D., Jacobson S.D., Meyer B.J., Balough E.M. et al. Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10239):1763–1770. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736Test(20)31189-2.; Yang M., Zhang Y., Chen H., Lin J., Zeng J., Xu Z. Inhaled corticosteroids and risk of upper respiratory tract infection in patients with asthma: a meta-analysis. Infection. 2019;47(3):377–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-018-1229-yTest.; Yang M., Chen H., Zhang Y., Du Y., Xu Y., Jiang P., Xu Z. Long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids and risk of upper respiratory tract infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. Inhal Toxicol. 2017;29(5):219–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2017.1346006Test.; Yang I.A., Clarke M.S., Sim E.H., Fong K.M. Inhaled corticosteroids for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(7):CD002991. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858Test.; Contoli M., Pauletti A., Rossi M.R., Spanevellj A., Casolari P., Marcellina A. et al. Long-term effects of inhaled corticosteroids on sputum bacterial and viral loads in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2017;50(4):1700451. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00451-2017Test.; Yamaya M., Nishimura H., Deng X., Sugawara M., Watanabe O., Nomura K. et al. Inhibitory effects of glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide on coronavirus HCoV-229E replication and cytokine production by primary cultures of human nasal and tracheal epithelial cells. Respir Investig. 2020;58(3):155–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2019.12.005Test.; Matsuyama S., Kawase M., Nao N., Shirato K., Ujike M., Kamitani W. et al. The inhaled corticosteroid ciclesonide blocks coronavirus RNA replication by targeting viral NSP15. bioRxiv. 2020.03.11.987016. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.987016Test.; Jeon S., Ko M., Lee J., Choi I., Byun S.Y., Park S. et al. Identification of antiviral drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-approved drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;64(7):e00819–20. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00819-20Test.; Jackson D.J., Busse W.W., Bacharier L.B., Kattan M., O`Connor G.T., Wood R.A. et al. Association of respiratory allergy, asthma and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(1):203–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.009Test.; Peters M.C., Sajuthi S., Deford P., Christenson S., Rios C.L., Montgomery M.T. et al. COVID-19 related genes in sputum cells in asthma: Relationship to demographic features and corticosteroids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(1):83–90. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202003-0821OCTest.; Yang J.M., Koh H.Y., Moon S.Y., Yoo I.K., Ha E.K., You S. et al. Allergic disorders and susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19: A nationwide cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(4):790–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.008Test.; Mahdavinia M., Foster K.J., Jauregui E., Andy-Nweye A.B., Khan S. et al. Asthma prolongs intubation in COVID-19. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(7):2388–2391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.05.006Test.; Caminati M., Vultaggio A., Matucci A., Vianello A., Vivarelli E., Crisafulli E. Asthma in a large COVID-19 cohort: Prevalence, features, and determinants of COVID-19 disease severity. Respir Med. 2021;(176)106261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106261Test.; Sobieraj D.M., Weeda E.R., Nguyen E., Coleman C.I., White C.M., Lazarus S.C. et al. Association of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists as controller and quick relief therapy with exacerbations and symptom control in persistent asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2018;319(14):1485–1496. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.2769Test.; Rogliani P., Ritondo B.L., Ora J., Cazzola M., Calzetta L. SMART and as-needed therapies in mild-to-severe asthma: a network meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020;56(3):2000625. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00625-2020Test.; Beasley R., Harrison T., Peterson S., Gustafson P., Hamblin A., Bengtsson T., Fageras M. Evaluation of Budesonide-Formoterol for Maintenance and Reliever Therapy Among Patients With Poorly Controlled Asthma. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open. 2022;5(3):e220615. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0615Test.; Bush A. Severe and Difficult Asthma: Diagnosis and ManagementChallenges for a Low-Resource Environment. Indian J Pediatr. 2022;89(2):156–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03952-wTest.; Hodder R. The paradox of adult asthma control: “Who’s in control anyway?” Can Respir J. 2007;14(4):229–234. https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/975134Test.; Molimard M., Raherison C., Lignot M., Depont F., Abouelfath A., Moore N. Assessment of handling of inhaler devices in real life: an observational study in 3811 patients in primary care. J Aerosol Med. 2003;16(3):249–254. https://doi.org/10.1089/089426803769017613Test.; Lavorini F., Magnan A., Dubus J.C., Voshaar T., Corbetta L., Broeders M. et al. Effect of incorrect use of dry powder inhalers on management of patients with asthma and COPD. Respir Med. 2008;102(4):593–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2007.11.003Test.; Dudvarski Ilic A., Zugic V., Zvezdin B., Kopitovic I., Cekerevac I., Cupurdija V. et al. Influence of inhaler technique on asthma and COPD control: a multicenter experience. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016;(11):2509–2517. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S114576Test.; Игнатова Г.Л., Белевский А.С. Современные способы ингаляционной доставки лекарств при лечении бронхообструктивных заболеваний. Астма и аллергия. 2018;(2):21–28. Режим доступа: https://atmosphere-ph.ru/modules.php?name=Magazines&sop=viewissue&magid=2&issueid=442Test.; Визель А.А., Белевский А.С., Визель И.Ю. К лечению бронхиальной астмы и хронической обструктивной болезнью легких: идем вперед с проверенными молекулами. Лечебное дело. 2020;(2):59–64. https://doi.org/10.24411/2071-5315-2020-12212Test.; Emeryk А., Pirożyński M., Emeryk-Maksymiuk J. Dry powder inhalers – between the doctor and the patient. Adv Respir Med. 2018;86(1):44–52. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2017.0061Test.; https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/7130Test

  2. 2
    دورية أكاديمية

    المساهمون: This publication is supported by Boehringer Ingelheim LLC, Статья опубликована при финансовой поддержке ООО Берингер Ингельхейм

    المصدر: PULMONOLOGIYA; Том 31, № 4 (2021); 511-516 ; Пульмонология; Том 31, № 4 (2021); 511-516 ; 2541-9617 ; 0869-0189

    وصف الملف: application/pdf

    العلاقة: https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2414/1865Test; Российское респираторное общество. Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких: Федеральные клинические рекомендации. 2018. Доступно на: https://spulmo.ru/upload/federal_klinicheskie_rekomendaciy_hobl.pdfTest [Дата обращения: 05.01.21].; Vanfleteren L.E.G., Spruit M.A., Groenen M. et al. Clusters of comorbidities based on validated objective measurements and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2013; 187 (7): 728–735. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201209-1665OC.; Barnes P.J., Celli B.R. Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 33 (5): 1165–1185. DOI:10.1183/09031936.00128008.; Antonelli Incalzi R., Fuso L., De Rosa M. et al. Co-morbidity contributes to predict mortality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 1997; 10 (12): 2794–2800. DOI:10.1183/09031936.97.10122794.; Morgan A.D., Zakeri R., Quint J.K. Defining the relationship between COPD and CVD: what are the implications for clinical practice? Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis. 2018; 12: 1753465817750524. DOI:10.1177/1753465817750524.; Curkendall S.M., Lanes S., de Luise C. et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity and cardiovascular outcomes. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2006; 21 (11): 803–813. DOI:10.1007/s10654-006-9066-1.; Mannino D.M., Thorn D., Swensen A., Holguin F. Prevalence and outcomes of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2008; 32 (4): 962–969. DOI:10.1183/09031936.00012408.; Almagro P., López F., Cabrera F.J. et al. [Comorbidities in patients hospitalized due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A comparative analysis of the ECCO and ESMI studies]. Rev. Clin. Esp. 2012; 212 (6): 281–286. DOI:10.1016/j.rce.2012.02.014 (in Spanish).; Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2020 Report. Available at: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/GOLD-2020-REPORTver1.0wms.pdfTest [Available at: June 28, 2021].; Hohlfeld J.M., Vogel-Claussen J., Biller H. et al. Effect of lung deflation with indacaterol plus glycopyrronium on ventricular filling in patients with hyperinflation and COPD (CLAIM): a double-blind, randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-centre trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2018; 6 (5): 368–378. DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30054-7.; Rogliani P., Matera M.G., Ritondo B.L. et al. Efficacy and cardiovascular safety profile of dual bronchodilation therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A bidimensional comparative analysis across fixed-dose combinations. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 2019; 59: 101841. DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101841.; Calverley P.M.A., Anzueto A.R., Carter K. et al. Tiotropium and olodaterol in the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations (DYNAGITO): a double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, active-controlled trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2018; 6 (5): 337–344. DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30102-4.; Andreas S., McGarvey L., Bothner U. et al. Absence of adverse effects of tiotropium/olodaterol compared with the monocomponents on long-term heart rate and blood pressure in patients with moderate-to-very-severe COPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon Dis. 2020; 15: 1935–1944. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S246348.; Ferguson G.T., Buhl R., Bothner U. et al. Safety of tiotropium/ olodaterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: pooled analysis of three large, 52-week, randomized clinical trials. Respir. Med. 2018; 143: 67–73. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2018.08.012.; Valipour A., Avdeev S., Barczyk A. et al. Therapeutic success of tiotropium/olodaterol, measured using the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), in routine clinical practice: A multinational non-interventional study. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2021; 16: 615–628. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S291920.; https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2414Test

  3. 3
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: PULMONOLOGIYA; № 2 (2004); 6-12 ; Пульмонология; № 2 (2004); 6-12 ; 2541-9617 ; 0869-0189

    وصف الملف: application/pdf

    العلاقة: https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2481/1970Test; Чучалин А.Г. Болезни органов дыхания. Мед. газета 2000; 43: 8-9.; Ewig S., Torres A. Community-acquired pneumonia: Staphylococcus aureus In: Marrie T.J., ed. Community-acquired pneumonia. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2001. 475-485.; Fine M.J., Smith M.A., Carson C A . et at. Prognosis and out­ comes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. J.A.M.A. 1996; 275: 134-141.; Baldwin D.R., Macfarlane J.T. Community-acquired pneumonia. In: Armstrong D., Cohen J., eds. Infectious diseases. London: Harcourt Publishers Ltd; 1999. 27.1-27.10.; Lave J.R., Lin C.J., Fine M.J., Hughes-Gromwick P. Cost of treating patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 20: 189-197.; Синопальников А.И., Страчунский JI.C. Новые рекомендации по ведению взрослых пациентов с внебольничной пневмонией. Клин, микробная и антимикроб, химиотер. 2001; 3: 54-68.; Fine M.J., Auble Т.Е., Yealy D M . et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia N. Engl. J. Med. 1997; 336: 243-250.; Стандарты (протоколы) диагностики и лечения больных не­ специфическими заболеваниями легких (взрослое население): Приложение к Приказу № 300 Минздрава Р Ф "Об утверждении стандартов (протоколов) диагностики и лечения больных с неспецифическими заболеваниями легких" от 09.10.98. М.; 1998.; Антибактериальная терапия пневмоний у взрослых: Учеб.-метод. пособие для врачей / Навашин С.М., Чучалин А.Г., Белоусов Ю.Б. и др. М.: РМ-Вести; 1998.; Blanquer Blanquer R., Borras R. et al. Aetiology of community acquired pneumonia in Valencia, Spain: a multicentre prospective study. Thorax 1991; 46: 508-511.; Bartlett J.G. Anaerobic bacterial infections in the lung and pleural space. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1993; 16 (suppl. 4): 443-445.; Bartlett J.G., Dowell S.F., Mandell L.A. et al. Practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2000; 31: 347-382.; Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy and prevention. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 1730-1754.; Mandell L.A., Marrie T.J., Grossman R.F. et. al. Canadian guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: an evidence-based update by the Canadian Infectious Diseases Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2000; 31: 383-421.; Cate T.R. Viral pneumonia due to influenza and parainfluenza viruses and adenoviruses. In: Marrie T.J., ed. Community-acquired pneumonia. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2001. 593-616.; Cate T.R. Impact of influenza and other community-acquired viruses. Semin. Respir. Infect. 1998; 13: 17-33.; Gilbert D.N. Aminoglycosides. In: Mandell G.L., Bennett J.E., Dolin R., eds. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2000. 307-336.; Сидоренко С.В., Козлов С.Н. Группа пенициллинов. В кн.: Страчунский Л.С., Белоусов Ю.Б., Козлов С.Н. (ред.) Практическое руководство по антиинфекционной химиотерапии. М.: Боргес; 2002. 47-55.; Mandell G.L., Perti W.A., Jr. Penicillins, cephalosporins, and other p-lactam antibiotics. In: Hardman J.G., Limbird L.E., Molinoff P.B., Ruddon R.W., eds. Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996. 1073-1102.; Внебольничная пневмония у взрослых: практические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике: Пособие для врачей / Чучалин А.Г., Синопальников А.И., Яковлев С.В. и др. М.; 2003.; Medicare and medicaid statistical supplement, 1995. Hlth Care Financ. Rev. 1995; 16 (September).; Kollef M.H. Optimizing antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit setting. Crit. Care 2001; 5: 189-195.; MacFarlane J.T., Miller A.C., Smith W.H.O. et al. Comparative radiographic features of community-acquired legionnaires' disease, pneumococcal pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumonia, and psittacosis. Thorax 1984; 39: 28-33.; Mittl R.L. Jr, Schwab R.J., Duchin J.S. et. al. Radiographic resolution of community-acquired pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994; 149: 630-635.; Babe K.S., Serafín W.E. Histamine bradykinin, and their antagonists. In: Hardman J.G., Limbird L.E., Molinoff P.B., Ruddon R.W., eds. Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996. 581-600.; https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2481Test

  4. 4
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: PULMONOLOGIYA; № 4 (2003); 83-89 ; Пульмонология; № 4 (2003); 83-89 ; 2541-9617 ; 0869-0189

    وصف الملف: application/pdf

    العلاقة: https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2648/2080Test; Зайратьянц О.В. Анализ смертности, летальности, числа аутопсий и качества клинической диагностики в Москве за последнее десятилетие (1991-2000 гг.). Арх. пат. 2002; 3 (прил.): 1-64.; Страчунский Л.C., Козлов P.C., Кречикова О.И. и др. Антимикробная резистентность Streptococcus pneumoniae в России: результаты проспективного многоцентрового исследования (фаза А проекта ПеГАС-I). Клин. Микробиол. и антимикроб. Химиотер. 2002; 4 (3): 267-277.; American Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy and prevention. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 1730-1754.; Amsden G.W., Amankw a K. Pneumococcal resistance: The treatment challenge. Ann Pharmacother. 2001; 35 (4): 480-488.; Bartlett J.G. et al. Practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2000; 31 (2): 347-382.; Bartlett J.G. Respiratory tract infections. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.; Brown P.O., Lerner S.A. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet 1998; 352: 1295-1302.; Carbon C., Ariza H., Rabie W.J. et al. Comparative study of levofloxacin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid in adults with mildto-moderate community-acquired pneumonia. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 1999; 5: 724-732.; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Premature deaths, monthly mortality and monthly physician contact: United States. Morbid. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 1997; 46: 556.; Davis R., Bryson H. Levofloxacin: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 1994; 47: 677-700.; File T.M , Segreti J., Dunbar L. et al. A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1997; 41 (9): 1965-1972.; Gleason P.P., Kapoor W.N., Lave J.R. et al. Medical outcomes and antimicrobial costs with the use of the American Thoracic Society guidelines for outpatients with community-acquired pneumonia. J.A.M.A. 1997; 278: 32-39.; Marrie T.J. Community-acquired pneumonia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1994; 18: 501-515.; Mommeja-Marin H., Carbon C. What is the place of fluoroquinolones in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections? Drugs 1999; 57( 6): 851-853.; Ruis-G onzalez A., Falguera М ., Nogues A. et al. Is Streptococcus pneumoniae the leading cause of pneumonia of unknown etiology? A microbiologic study of lung aspirates in consecutive patients with community- acquired pneumonia. Am. J. Med. 1999; 106: 385-390.; https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2648Test