التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
A proposed approach to confirm heroin administration – Regional differences in heroin purity is a major factor. |
| المؤلفون: |
Chen, Wei-Ru1 (AUTHOR), Kong, Po-Hsin1,2 (AUTHOR), Sauer, Christoph3 (AUTHOR), Chen, Huei-Wen1 (AUTHOR), Chan, Hsiang-Yu1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Da-Peng1 (AUTHOR), Jair, Yung-Cheng1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Hsin-Tung1 (AUTHOR), Lin, Tsang-Yaw1,4 (AUTHOR), Yen, Muh-Yong1,5 (AUTHOR), Yen, Yung-Feng1,5 (AUTHOR), Chang, Sheng-Huang4 (AUTHOR), Li, Lan-Hui5 (AUTHOR), George, Claire6 (AUTHOR), Chang, Ya-Chi1 (AUTHOR), Wu, Yi-Hsin1 (AUTHOR), Hwa, Hsiao-Lin2,7 (AUTHOR), Chen, Chia-Yang8 (AUTHOR), Chen, Jung-Hsuan1 (AUTHOR), Kicman, Andrew T.9 (AUTHOR) |
| المصدر: |
Regulatory Toxicology & Pharmacology: RTP. Feb2022, Vol. 128, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p. |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: |
*HEROIN, *REGIONAL differences, *OPIUM poppy, *OILSEEDS, *PEOPLE with heroin addiction, *FORENSIC toxicology |
| مصطلحات جغرافية: |
GERMANY, UNITED Kingdom |
| مستخلص: |
In forensic toxicology, a marker of street heroin use is urgent especially in the absence of urinary 6-monoacetylmorphine. ATM4G, the G lucuronide of A cetylated product of T hebaine compound 4 M etabolite (ATM4), arising from byproducts of street heroin synthesis has been considered as a useful marker in some European studies. However, whether ATM4G is a universal marker particularly in Southeast Asia due to 'street' heroin with high purity, it's still unclear. To investigate putative markers for different regions, ATM4G and other metabolites including the A cetylated product of T hebaine compound 3 M etabolite (ATM3) and thebaol, also originated from thebaine were detected in 552 urine samples from heroin users in Taiwan. Results were compared with that from samples collected in the UK and Germany. Only a sulfo-conjugate of ATM4, ATM4S, was detected in 28 Taiwanese users using a sensitive MS3 method whilst out of 351 samples from the UK and Germany, ATM4G was present in 91. Thebaol-glucuronide was first time detected in 118. No markers were detected in urine following herbal medicine use or poppy seed ingestion. The presence of ATM4S/ATM4G might be affected by ethnicities and heroin supplied in regions. Thebaol-glucuronide is another putative marker with ATM4G and ATM4S for street heroin use. [Display omitted] • Thebaol glucuronide was first time found in heroin users' urine samples. • ATM4G and thebaol glucuronide were present in samples from the UK and Germany. • ATM4S was detected in Taiwanese samples instead using a high sensitivity MS3 assay.. • The metabolites are bio-markers for different heroin sources with 6-MAM absence.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| قاعدة البيانات: |
Academic Search Index |
