المؤلفون: Vahid Nejati, Mahshid Dehghan, Shahriar Shahidi, Reza Estaji, Michael A. Nitsche

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Hot and cold executive functions ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract Children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have impaired hot and cold executive functions, which is thought to be related to impaired ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (vmPFC and dlPFC) functions. The present study aimed to assess the impact concurrent stimulation of dlPFC and vmPFC through transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), a non-invasive brain stimulation tool which enhances cortical excitability via application of alternating sinusoidal currents with random frequencies and amplitudes over the respective target regions on hot and cold executive functions. Eighteen children with ADHD received real and sham tRNS over the left dlPFC and the right vmPFC in two sessions with one week interval. The participants performed Circle Tracing, Go/No-Go, Wisconsin Card Sorting, and Balloon Analogue Risk Tasks during stimulation in each session. The results showed improved ongoing inhibition, prepotent inhibition, working memory, and decision making, but not set-shifting performance, during real, as compared to sham stimulation. This indicates that simultaneous stimulation of the dlPFC and the vmPFC improves hot and cold executive functions in children with ADHD.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ad865aaf7cfb499ab6f09e395a186887Test

المؤلفون: Lu Wang, Chenyang Dai, Manman Gao, Zhi Geng, Panpan Hu, Xingqi Wu, Kai Wang

المصدر: Brain and Behavior, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: delay discounting task, impulsivity, temporal discounting, triptans, ventral striatum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571

الوصف: Objective This study aimed to explore decision‐making impulsivity and its neural mechanisms in patients with episodic migraine without aura (EMoA). Background Previous evidence indicates increased impulsivity and altered reward processing in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse; however, whether the same holds true for those with EMoA is unclear. Methods Patients newly diagnosed with EMoA (n = 51) and healthy controls (HC, n = 45) were recruited. All participants completed delay discounting task, cognitive assessments, a questionnaire for headache profile, and resting‐state function magnetic resonance imaging scans. Resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the regions of interest and the entire brain was explored. Results Patients with EMoA showed a steeper subjective discount rate than HCs (F = 4.74, p = .032), which was positively related to a history of migraines (r = .742, p

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2162-3279Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1ab6ea19139d4e7ebc77a88aaa1d0cbdTest

المؤلفون: Johansson, Elin, Xiong, Huan-Yu, Polli, Andrea, Coppieters, Iris, Nijs, Jo

المصدر: Johansson , E , Xiong , H-Y , Polli , A , Coppieters , I & Nijs , J 2024 , ' Towards a Real-Life Understanding of the Altered Functional Behaviour of the Default Mode and Salience Network in Chronic Pain : Are People with Chronic Pain Overthinking the Meaning of Their Pain? ' , Journal of Clinical Medicine , vol. 13 , no. 6 , 1645 . https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061645Test

مصطلحات موضوعية: chronic pain, default mode network, salience network, ventromedial prefrontal cortex

الوصف: Chronic pain is a source of substantial physical and psychological suffering, yet a clear understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic pain is lacking. Repeated studies have reported an altered behaviour of the salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) in people with chronic pain, and a majority of these studies report an altered behaviour of the dorsal ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) within the anterior DMN. In this topical review, we therefore focus specifically on the role of the dorsal vmPFC in chronic pain to provide an updated perspective on the cortical mechanisms of chronic pain. We suggest that increased activity in the dorsal vmPFC may reflect maladaptive overthinking about the meaning of pain for oneself and one's actions. We also suggest that such overthinking, if negative, may increase the personal "threat" of a given context, as possibly reflected by increased activity in, and functional connectivity to, the anterior insular cortex within the SN.

العلاقة: https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/149bf8e0-9d64-4b13-a71a-4e1b1df6e9cbTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061645Test
https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/149bf8e0-9d64-4b13-a71a-4e1b1df6e9cbTest

المؤلفون: Jingjing Chang, Di Song, Rongjun Yu

المصدر: Neurobiology of Stress, Vol 27, Iss , Pp 100584- (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Hippocampus, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Stress susceptibility, Stress resilience, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495

الوصف: The hippocampus has long been considered a pivotal region implicated in both stress susceptibility and resilience. A wealth of evidence from animal and human studies underscores the significance of hippocampal functional connectivity with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in these stress-related processes. However, there remains a scarcity of research that explores and contrasts the roles of hippocampus-vmPFC connectivity in stress susceptibility and resilience when facing a real-life traumatic event from a prospective standpoint. In the present study, we investigated the contributions of undirected and directed connectivity between the hippocampus and vmPFC to stress susceptibility and resilience within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings revealed that the left hippocampus-left vmPFC connectivity prior to the pandemic exhibited a negative correlation with both stress susceptibility and resilience. Specifically, individuals with stronger left hippocampus-left vmPFC connectivity reported experiencing fewer stress-related feelings during the outbreak period of the epidemic but displayed lower levels of stress resilience five months later. Our application of spectral dynamic causal modeling unveiled an additional inhibitory connectivity pathway from the left hippocampus to the left vmPFC in the context of stress susceptibility, which was notably absent in stress resilience. Furthermore, we observed a noteworthy positive association between self-inhibition of the vmPFC and stress susceptibility, with this effect proving substantial enough to predict an individual's susceptibility to stress; conversely, these patterns did not manifest in the realm of stress resilience. These findings enrich our comprehension of stress susceptibility and stress resilience and might have implications for innovative approaches to managing stress-related disorders.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352289523000723Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2352-2895Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/51ead4b3a6ee4f738db4dd03fb28352cTest

المؤلفون: Elin Johansson, Huan-Yu Xiong, Andrea Polli, Iris Coppieters, Jo Nijs

المصدر: Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 13, Iss 6, p 1645 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: chronic pain, default mode network, salience network, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Medicine

الوصف: Chronic pain is a source of substantial physical and psychological suffering, yet a clear understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic pain is lacking. Repeated studies have reported an altered behaviour of the salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) in people with chronic pain, and a majority of these studies report an altered behaviour of the dorsal ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) within the anterior DMN. In this topical review, we therefore focus specifically on the role of the dorsal vmPFC in chronic pain to provide an updated perspective on the cortical mechanisms of chronic pain. We suggest that increased activity in the dorsal vmPFC may reflect maladaptive overthinking about the meaning of pain for oneself and one’s actions. We also suggest that such overthinking, if negative, may increase the personal “threat” of a given context, as possibly reflected by increased activity in, and functional connectivity to, the anterior insular cortex within the SN.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/6/1645Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a6a0da3571134dc4b569fc56fe2122a0Test

المؤلفون: Khorisantono, Putu

المساهمون: Grabenhorst, Fabian

مصطلحات موضوعية: nutrition, neuroscience, fMRI, reward, orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, coefficient of sliding friction, macronutrient, oral fat

الوصف: Sensing the nutrient composition of a food and the processing of this information by the brain's reward system to regulate food consumption are crucial biological needs. However, dysfunction in neural reward pathways may also lead to overconsumption of certain nutrients, contributing to obesity and comorbid diseases. In the context of fat, the oral sensory mechanism of its detection is disputed, although there is substantial evidence for fat detection through oral textural properties. In this thesis, I investigate the neural correlates related to the specific textural properties of oral food stimuli with defined nutrient contents, as well as their formally measured economic reward values and psychophysical ratings during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in healthy human volunteers. These results are then correlated with an ad-libitum naturalistic eating test. The thesis contains the following chapters: Chapter I discusses the key background literature; Chapter II focuses on the optimisation of the design and stimuli; Chapter III provides a detailed analysis of behavioural data, through basic psychophysical ratings of food stimuli and modelling of subjective value data; Chapter IV describes the results of the neuroimaging component of the experiment, and Chapter V discusses the results of the project in the context of current literature. This project investigates the textural contributions to sensory fat detection and reward valuation. Crucially, it is the first time a formal fMRI investigation is done on the oral-lubricative nature of fat, demonstrating encoding of sliding friction in the midposterior insula and the oral somatosensory cortex, which supports the concept that fat detection occurs through texture. Furthermore, our results highlight the unique role of the orbitofrontal cortex in processing food texture parameters, their subjective perception, and integration to subjective value, before subsequent evaluation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

الوصول الحر: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.841424Test

المؤلفون: Despina Messimeris, Richard Levy, Raphaël Le Bouc

المصدر: Frontiers in Neurology, Vol 14 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: reward value, social value, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, lesion studies, decision-making, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429

الوصف: Making good economic and social decisions is essential for individual and social welfare. Decades of research have provided compelling evidence that damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is associated with dramatic personality changes and impairments in economic and social decision-making. However, whether the vmPFC subserves a unified mechanism in the social and non-social domains remains unclear. When choosing between economic options, the vmPFC is thought to guide decision by encoding value signals that reflect the motivational relevance of the options on a common scale. A recent framework, the “extended common neural currency” hypothesis, suggests that the vmPFC may also assign values to social factors and principles, thereby guiding social decision-making. Although neural value signals have been observed in the vmPFC in both social and non-social studies, it is yet to be determined whether they have a causal influence on behavior or merely correlate with decision-making. In this review, we assess whether lesion studies of patients with vmPFC damage offer evidence for such a causal role of the vmPFC in shaping economic and social behavior.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1198262/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-2295Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9ef5db40b0474fe2b2f128490b6034c5Test

المؤلفون: Maimu Alissa Rehbein, Thomas Kroker, Constantin Winker, Lena Ziehfreund, Anna Reschke, Jens Bölte, Miroslaw Wyczesany, Kati Roesmann, Ida Wessing, Markus Junghöfer

المصدر: Frontiers in Neuroscience, Vol 17 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: reward prediction, reward processing, prediction error, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, transcranial direct current stimulation, magnetoencephalography, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571

الوصف: IntroductionStudies suggest an involvement of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in reward prediction and processing, with reward-based learning relying on neural activity in response to unpredicted rewards or non-rewards (reward prediction error, RPE). Here, we investigated the causal role of the vmPFC in reward prediction, processing, and RPE signaling by transiently modulating vmPFC excitability using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS).MethodsParticipants received excitatory or inhibitory tDCS of the vmPFC before completing a gambling task, in which cues signaled varying reward probabilities and symbols provided feedback on monetary gain or loss. We collected self-reported and evaluative data on reward prediction and processing. In addition, cue-locked and feedback-locked neural activity via magnetoencephalography (MEG) and pupil diameter using eye-tracking were recorded.ResultsRegarding reward prediction (cue-locked analysis), vmPFC excitation (versus inhibition) resulted in increased prefrontal activation preceding loss predictions, increased pupil dilations, and tentatively more optimistic reward predictions. Regarding reward processing (feedback-locked analysis), vmPFC excitation (versus inhibition) resulted in increased pleasantness, increased vmPFC activation, especially for unpredicted gains (i.e., gain RPEs), decreased perseveration in choice behavior after negative feedback, and increased pupil dilations.DiscussionOur results support the pivotal role of the vmPFC in reward prediction and processing. Furthermore, they suggest that transient vmPFC excitation via tDCS induces a positive bias into the reward system that leads to enhanced anticipation and appraisal of positive outcomes and improves reward-based learning, as indicated by greater behavioral flexibility after losses and unpredicted outcomes, which can be seen as an improved reaction to the received feedback.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1219029/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1662-453XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/bac61aea46ad4bbca6e169685c245e70Test

المؤلفون: Dantas, Filipa Azevedo

المساهمون: Moreira, Pedro Miguel Silva, Carvalho, Sandra, Universidade do Minho

مصطلحات موضوعية: Tomada de decisão de risco, Córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral, Córtex pré-frontal ventromedial, Estimulação por corrente direta transcraniana, Balloon analogue risk task, Risky decision-making, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Transcranial direct current stimulation, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia

الوصف: Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia

الوصف (مترجم): A tomada de decisão é um comportamento complexo, que compreende múltiplos componentes. A tomada de decisão arriscada tem ganho particular atenção, porque diariamente tomamos decisões sob algum grau de risco e conhecer o que nos torna propensos ao risco pode ajudar a prever essas decisões. As emoções influenciam a tomada de decisão de uma forma regular e previsível (Keltner & Lerner, 2010), portanto é pertinente explorar a capacidade de a modular. Estando os córtices pré-frontal dorsolateral e ventromedial implicados neste processo (Nejati et al., 2021), uma estratégia seria aplicar tDCS sobre estas regiões. Avaliámos os efeitos da tDCS anodal sobre os córtices pré-frontal dorsolateral e ventromedial na modulação da tomada de decisão arriscada, durante uma Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART Automática e BART Manual) em 32 voluntários saudáveis (idades entre 18 e 25 anos). Hipotetizámos que todos os indivíduos manifestariam uma preferência por decisões pouco arriscadas, na sessão ativa comparativamente com a sham. Foi realizada uma ANOVA mista para cada uma das métricas da BART, seguida de testes-t amostras-emparelhadas (ou testes de Wilcoxon) para diferenças entre grupos. Os resultados não revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as sessões sham e activa em nenhuma das métricas da BART.
Decision-making is a complex behavior that comprises multiple component processes. Risky decision-making has been gaining particular attention as daily we need to make decisions under some degree of risk and knowing what makes us prone to risk may help us predict our decisions. As individuals make decisions in a regular and predictable manner when driven by emotions (Keltner & Lerner, 2010), it is pertinent to explore the capability of modulating decision-making. Since the dorsolateral and the ventromedial prefrontal cortices have been implicated in decision-making (Nejati et al., 2021), a useful strategy would be to apply tDCS over these regions. We aimed to evaluate the effects of anodal tDCS over vmPFC and over dlPFC on the modulation of risky decision-making during a Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART; Automatic BART and Manual BART) in 32 healthy volunteers (ages between 18 and 25). We hypothesized that all individuals would reveal a preference for low-risk decisions in the active comparatively to the sham session. A mixed-design ANOVA was run for both BART metrics, followed by paired samples t-tests (or Wilcoxon test) to analyze differences between groups. Results revealed no statistically significant differences between the sham and active sessions in none of the BART metrics.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: 203156013

الإتاحة: https://hdl.handle.net/1822/82706Test

المؤلفون: Dweck, Carol S., author, Dixon, Matthew L., author, Gross, James J., author

المصدر: Motivation Science : Controversies and Insights, 2023.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0001Test