المؤلفون: Yoon, Eun‐Jung¹ (AUTHOR), Jeong, Jiwon¹ (AUTHOR), Yoon, Eunji¹ (AUTHOR), Park, Dongsun¹ (AUTHOR) dvmdpark@knue.ac.kr

المصدر: Physiological Reports. Nov2023, Vol. 11 Issue 21, p1-9. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TREADMILL exercise, *TREADMILLS, *PLATELET-derived growth factor, *VASCULAR endothelial growth factors, *NEOVASCULARIZATION

مستخلص: Menopause is associated with vascular dysfunction attributed to reduced estrogen levels. Exercise has been proposed to promote angiogenesis and vascular dysfunction. However, studies of brain angiogenesis during menopause are limited. We analyzed the effects of exercise on angiogenesis‐related factors in menopausal rat model. Twenty‐week‐old female Sprague–Dawley rats (N = 18) were randomly divided into a normal control group (N, n = 6), an ovariectomized control group (OVX, n = 6), and an ovariectomy + exercise group (OVX‐EX, n = 6). Treadmill exercises were conducted in the OVX‐EX group for 8 weeks (15–60 m/min, 1 h/day, and 5 days/week). The current study showed that the expression of angiogenesis‐related factors (platelet‐derived growth factor subunit A, B, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin 1, and angiopoietin 2) significantly decreased in the cortex of the OVX group. However, these factors were significantly restored in the cortex of the OVX‐EX group after 8 weeks of treadmill exercise. In summary, estrogen deficiency causes vascular dysfunction by inhibiting the expression of angiogenesis‐related factors. However, exercise can restore angiogenesis‐related factors in OVX rats. Exercise eventually prevents vascular dysfunction in the brain and may help prevent cognitive dysfunction in menopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Scicluna, Nicholas, Hamer, Mark, Blodgett, Joanna M.

المصدر: Journal of Physical Activity & Health; Sep2023, Vol. 20 Issue 9, p812-822, 11p, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts

مصطلحات موضوعية: SPORTS participation, PHYSICAL activity, ADULTS, COHORT analysis, TEENAGERS, MEDICAL examinations of athletes, TREADMILL exercise

مستخلص: Background: Adolescence is a critical period filled with life changes. Early implementation of effective health promotion strategies could help alleviate the morbidity and mortality associated with inactivity. This study investigated whether adolescent participation in exercise and sport is associated with device-assessed physical activity (PA) levels in midlife. Methods: A total of 2984 participants (41.2% male) from the 1970 British Cohort Study were included. Participants were surveyed at age 16 years on 5 indicators of exercise and sport participation. Total daily PA and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) at age 46 years were measured using a thigh-worn accelerometer, worn for 7 days. Associations between each adolescent exercise or sport indicator and adulthood total daily PA and MVPA were examined using linear regressions, adjusting for sex, wear time, body mass index, smoking, disability, malaise, alcohol consumption, social class, education, and self-rated health. Results: In fully adjusted models, adolescents who reported exercising "much more" than others (8.6 min/d; 95% confidence interval, −0.1 to 17.1), who played sports at the park/playground more than once a week (8.5 [3.0–14.0] min/d), and who exercised on the most recent Saturday (3.8 [0.7–6.9] min/d) had higher adult total PA levels than those who reported the lowest activity levels. There was no evidence of an association between greater sport and exercise participation at age 16 y and MVPA at age 46 y. There was no association between sports at school and either measure of adult PA. Conclusion: Active adolescents, particularly those who engaged in out-of-school exercise, had higher total daily PA levels, but not MVPA levels, in midlife. This highlights the potential of early PA interventions to improve PA levels in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: MEDINA-SÁNCHEZ, VICTOR¹ (AUTHOR) victor.medina@edu.uaa.mx, ARCE-GUEVARA, VALDEMAR E.² (AUTHOR) valdemar.arce@uaslp.mx, BOCARD-MERAZ, MÓNICA L.³ (AUTHOR) bocard@teleton-ags.org.mx, VIGUERAS-GÓMEZ, FLAVIO J.⁴ (AUTHOR) javier.vigueras@uaslp.mx, CORRALES-SUÁSTEGUI, PATRICIA³ (AUTHOR) corrales@teleton-ags.org.mx, ARCE-SANTANA, EDGAR R.² (AUTHOR) arce@uaslp.mx, MÉNDEZ, MARTIN O.^2,5 (AUTHOR) martin.Mendez-Garcia@ukbonn.de

المصدر: Journal of Mechanics in Medicine & Biology. Sep2023, Vol. 23 Issue 7, p1-17. 17p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CHILDREN with cerebral palsy, *TREADMILL exercise, *ROBOTIC exoskeletons, *TREADMILLS, *INFERENTIAL statistics, *ROBOTICS, *PATIENT participation, *BODY-weight-supported treadmill training

مستخلص: Although the task-specific robot treadmill therapies can improve gait performance of children with cerebral palsy, not all the institutions have the possibility to access to the sensor robot information to obtain quantitative measures related actual progress of the children. The aim of this study is to propose a computer vision system to investigate the effort of children with cerebral palsy during robot treadmill therapy. Ten participants diagnosed with cerebral palsy underwent single robot therapy sessions consisting of a motivated period (active: kicking a ball), followed by an unmotivated period (passive: simple walking). The outcome measure was the ankle trajectory recorded by a video camera. Indexes based on the ankle trajectory between active and passive therapy were computed: (a) the gait analysis based on the difference on a sample-by-sample manner, and b) the step cycles with dynamic time warping (DTW). Inference statistical analysis shows that the robot trajectories for passive and active therapies with the gait analysis presents statistical differences (p- value < 0. 0 1)). Likewise, DTW showed significant differences in robot trajectories related to passive and active therapy (p- value < 0. 0 1)). We found that the statistical differences are independent of the severity of central gait impairment. This suggests that information about patient involvement could be given to the therapist and could be used to assess patient participation. The method showed the potential to be used as a tool for the assessment the improvement progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Lo Feudo, Chiara Maria¹ (AUTHOR), Stucchi, Luca² (AUTHOR) luca.stucchi@unimi.it, Stancari, Giovanni² (AUTHOR), Conturba, Bianca² (AUTHOR), Bozzola, Chiara¹ (AUTHOR), Zucca, Enrica¹ (AUTHOR), Ferrucci, Francesco¹ (AUTHOR) luca.stucchi@unimi.it

المصدر: PLoS ONE. 10/19/2023, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p1-15. 15p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *RACE relations, *TREADMILL exercise, *HORSE health, *BLOOD lactate, *PHYSICAL fitness, *AGE groups, *HORSES, *PREDICTIVE tests

مستخلص: In racehorses, the associations between physiological parameters obtained by exercise testing and racing results have been questioned. We hypothesized that fitness variables measured during a treadmill incremental test may be related with racing outcomes and lifetime career. Our study aimed to investigate the role of fitness parameters obtained during a treadmill test in performance evaluation and career prediction in poorly performing Standardbreds, through a retrospective review of the clinical records of 245 trotters that underwent an incremental treadmill test. Several fitness parameters were assessed, and their correlations with racing data (number of starts, wins and placings) in the 3 months before and 6 months after examination were evaluated; moreover their associations and predictive power for lifetime racing results and earnings were considered. The associations between fitness parameters and measures of racing performance as well as the associations between racing results over time were evaluated by Spearman's correlation in the whole population and in different age groups. Multivariate regression models predicting the total number of starts, wins and earnings based on fitness parameters were constructed, controlling for age, weight, and sex. Maximum speed and the speed at the aerobic threshold were the parameters correlated with the most racing results, in the three evaluation periods (3 months before, 6 months after, lifetime). Other parameters predictive of career outcomes were maximum blood lactate concentration and maximum hematocrit. Interestingly, in 2-year-old Standardbreds, the only parameters correlated with racing results were maximum hematocrit and minimum pH, suggesting they may reflect individual potential. Both the racing results obtained before and after examination were predictive of lifetime career, with those following hospitalization being more strongly correlated. In conclusion, parameters obtained during treadmill tests both reflect the racing outcomes and the career potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Zakharova, Anna Nikolaevna¹ (AUTHOR) azakharova@mail.tsu.ru, Milovanova, Kseniya Gennadievna¹ (AUTHOR) anna.orlova.96@mail.ru, Orlova, Anna Alekseevna¹ (AUTHOR) adyakova@yandex.ru, Dyakova, Elena Yuryevna¹ (AUTHOR) kisa101090@yandex.ru, Kalinnikova, Julia Gennadievna¹ (AUTHOR) olesya.tay@mail.ru, Kollantay, Olesya Vadimovna¹ (AUTHOR) oleg-100500-lol@mail.ru, Shuvalov, Igor Yurievich¹ (AUTHOR) alexander.chibalin@ki.se, Chibalin, Alexander Valerievich^1,2 (AUTHOR) kapil@yandex.ru, Kapilevich, Leonid Vladimirovich^1,3 (AUTHOR)

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Oct2023, Vol. 24 Issue 20, p15132. 20p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TREADMILL exercise, *METABOLIC disorders, *TYPE 2 diabetes, *CITRATE synthase, *TREADMILLS, *MICE

مستخلص: Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for about 90% of cases of diabetes and is considered one of the most important problems of our time. Despite a significant number of studies on glucose metabolism, the molecular mechanisms of its regulation in health and disease remain insufficiently studied. That is why non-drug treatment of metabolic disorders is of great relevance, including physical activity. Metabolic changes under the influence of physical activity are very complex and are still difficult to understand. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the effect of physical exercise on metabolic changes in mice with diabetes mellitus. We studied the effect of forced treadmill running on body weight and metabolic parameters in mice with metabolic disorders. We developed a high-fat-diet-induced diabetic model of metabolic disorders. We exposed mice to forced treadmill running for 4 weeks. We determined glucose and insulin levels in the blood plasma biochemically and analyzed Glut-4 and citrate synthase in M. gastrocnemius muscle tissue using Western blotting. The research results show that daily treadmill running has different effects on different age groups of mice with metabolic disorders. In young-age animals, forced running has a more pronounced effect on body weight. At week 12, young obese mice had a 17% decrease in body weight. Body weight did not change in old mice. Moreover, at weeks 14 and 16, the decrease in body weight was more significant in the young mice (by 17%) compared to the old mice (by 6%) (p < 0.05). In older animals, it influences the rate of glucose uptake. At 60 min, the blood glucose in the exercised older mice decreased to 14.46 mmol/L, while the glucose concentration in the non-exercised group remained at 17 mmol/L. By 120 min, in mice subjected to exercise, the blood glucose approached the initial value (6.92 mmol/L) and amounted to 8.35 mmol/L. In the non-exercised group, this difference was 45%. The effects of physical activity depend on the time of day. The greater effect is observed when performing shift training or exercise during the time when animals are passive (light phase). In young mice, light phase training had a significant effect on increasing the content of Glut-4 in muscle tissue (84.3 ± 11.3%, p < 0.05 with control group—59.3 ± 7.8%). In aged mice, shift training caused an increase in the level of Glut-4 in muscle tissue (71.3 ± 4.1%, p < 0.05 with control group—56.4 ± 10,9%). In the group of aged mice, a lower CS level was noticed in all groups in comparison with young mice. It should also be noted that we observed that CS increased during exercise in the group of young mice, especially during light phase training. The CS content in the light phase subgroup (135.8 ± 7.0%) was higher than in the dark phase subgroup (113.3 ± 7.7%) (p = 0.0006). The CS decreased in aged chow-fed mice and increased in the high-fat-fed group. The CS content in the chow diet group (58.2 ± 5.0%) was 38% lower than in the HFD group (94.9 ± 8.8%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Jin, Yu¹ (AUTHOR) jinyu@cdsu.edu.cn, Wei, Changling¹ (AUTHOR) weicl96@126.com, Huang, Xiaohan¹ (AUTHOR) m15319319828@163.com, Zhang, Deman¹ (AUTHOR) zdedem@126.com, Zhang, Li² (AUTHOR) zhangli@jnu.edu.cn, Li, Xue¹ (AUTHOR) lixue@cdsu.edu.cn

المصدر: Life (2075-1729). Oct2023, Vol. 13 Issue 10, p1988. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TREADMILL exercise, *COGNITIVE aging, *MAZE tests, *MEMORY disorders, *EXERCISE therapy, *TRANSCRIPTOMES

مستخلص: Purpose: Physical exercise mitigates the effects of aging and cognitive decline. However, the precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of exercise on age-related memory deficits in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus using bioinformatic analysis and biochemical verification. Methods: Young and aging mice were subjected to natural feeding or treadmill exercise (12 m/min, 8 weeks). Cognitive function was accessed using the Barnes maze and novel object recognition. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify co-expressed genes in different groups and brain regions. The selected genes and pathways were validated using RT-qPCR. Results: Regular exercise significantly ameliorated age-related cognitive deficits. Four up-regulated targets (Ifi27l2a, Irf7, Oas1b, Ifit1) and one down-regulation (Septin2) were reversed by exercise, demonstrating the underlying mechanisms of cognitive functions induced by aging with exercise in the hippocampus and PFC. The Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was inhibited in the neuroinflammation effects of exercise in aging mice in both brain regions. Conclusion: Exercise enhances age-related learning and memory deficits. This beneficial effect may be attributed to the changes in five up/down-regulated genes and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway in both the hippocampus and PFC. These findings establish the modulation of neuroinflammation as a pivotal molecular mechanism supporting exercise intervention in the brain aging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Gupta, Aditya¹ (AUTHOR), Garg, Ravinder¹ (AUTHOR), Singh Chawla, Sumit¹ (AUTHOR), Kaur, Sarabjot¹ (AUTHOR), Goyal, Shiwali¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: International Journal of Applied & Basic Medical Research. Oct-Dec2023, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p212-217. 6p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *EXERCISE intensity, *TREADMILL exercise, *TREADMILLS, *OBESITY, *HEART beat, *BLOOD pressure

مستخلص: Background: Obesity and overweight, irrespective of metabolic status, confer an increased risk of adverse consequences including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The mechanisms underlying altered cardiovascular responses in obese individuals during and after submaximal treadmill exercise are the subjects of great interest to public health. After graded exercise, delayed heart rate recovery (HRR), exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response, and prolongation of QT interval are the powerful predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that may facilitate timely identification of individuals at risk of CVD and help to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment interventions. Aim: To compare the cardiovascular parameters on submaximal treadmill exercise in obese and nonobese adults. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 80 subjects, 40 obese (cases) and 40 normal-weight individuals (controls), belonging to the age group of 18–60 years. Each participant was subjected to submaximal treadmill exercise according to the Bruce protocol. Heart rate (HR), systolic BP and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals, and rate pressure product (RPP) were measured preexercise, immediately after exercise, and during passive recovery at 1 min and 5 min after exercise. The Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U-test, whichever is appropriate, were employed for the comparison of variables between the two study groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean HR immediately after exercise, at 1 min and 5 min postexercise was significantly higher in obese when compared to nonobese participants (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, P = 0.001) despite similar resting HR in both the groups (P = 0.874). Mean SBP, DBP, MAP, and RPP were significantly higher in obese in comparison to nonobese subjects in all stages, i.e. before exercise, immediately after exercise, at 1 min and 5 min after exercise. QT and QTc intervals were also found to be significantly greater in obese than nonobese subjects in all stages (P = 0.001 each). Conclusion: Obese subjects had higher resting BP (SBP, DBP, and MAP), QT/QTc interval, RPP, and increased response to submaximal treadmill exercise activity. Delayed HRR after exercise was also noted in obese subjects which indicates that obese populations are at risk of developing CVDs due to alteration in autonomic functions with sympathetic hyperactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Abe, Daijiro¹ abed@ip.kyusan-u.ac.jp, Tashiro, Takehiro², Motoyama, Kiyotaka¹, Horiuchi, Masahiro³, Saito, Akira¹

المصدر: Gait & Posture. Oct2023, Vol. 106, p80-85. 6p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GAIT disorders, *TREADMILL exercise, *STANDARD deviations, *LOCOMOTION, *DYNAMIC balance (Mechanics)

مستخلص: This study aimed to investigate the effects of wearing high-heeled shoes (HHS) on gait variability of the lower limbs when the treadmill speed was sinusoidally changed. A total of 17 young females walked on a treadmill with HHS, HHS with detachable base sockets (HHS-Sockets), and low-heeled shoes (LHS) under sinusoidal speed-changing protocol of 60-s and 30-s periods with an amplitude of ± 0.56 m·s-1. The time course of the joint elevation angles of the thigh, shank, and foot in one gait cycle can be well approximated like a plan e in a triaxial space, so-called intersegmental coordination (IC). Standard deviation of the plane (IC thickness) was considered as the anteroposterior gait variability when the best-fitting plane of the angular covariation was obtained. The lateral gait variability was the coefficient of variance of step width (CV SW). To examine whether the gait parameters was associated with IC thickness, a sum of the time delay of the stride length and step frequency (TD SL+SF) against sinusoidal speed change was calculated. The IC thickness was not different across shoe conditions and periods. The CV SW was greater in the HHS and HHS-Sockets conditions than in the LHS condition. TD SL+SF was greater in the HHS condition than in the LHS and HHS-Sockets conditions at both periods; however, it was not correlated with IC thickness. Walking with HHS increased lateral gait variability at faster speed-changing situation, but not anteroposterior gait variability. Detachable sockets expanding the base area ten times greater than that of HHS could reduce TD SL+SF ; however, TD SL+SF could not explain the IC thickness. • Treadmill speed was sinusoidally changed at 30-s and 60-s periods. • Gait balance with high-heeled shoes was evaluated in speed changing conditions. • Wearing high-heeled shoes increased lateral gait variability. • High-heeled shoes did not influence anteroposterior gait variability. • Heel base area did not influence anteroposterior and lateral gait variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Binda, Karina Henrique^1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Chacur, Marucia¹ (AUTHOR), Martins, Daniel Oliveira^1,4 (AUTHOR) daniel.martins@hsl.org.br

المصدر: Neurotoxicity Research. Oct2023, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p459-470. 12p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *NEUROPEPTIDES, *TREADMILL exercise, *AEROBIC exercises, *OROFACIAL pain, *TRPV cation channels, *PARKINSON'S disease, *CANNABINOID receptors, *CALCITONIN gene-related peptide

مستخلص: Pain is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), which often occurs in the early disease stages. Despite the high prevalence, it remains inadequately treated. In a hemi-parkinsonian rat model, we aimed to investigate the neurochemical factors involved in orofacial pain development, with a specific focus on pain-related peptides and cannabinoid receptors. We also evaluated whether treadmill exercise could improve orofacial pain and modulate these mechanisms. Rats were unilaterally injected in the striatum with either 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or saline. Fifteen days after stereotactic surgery, the animals were submitted to treadmill exercise (EX), or remained sedentary (SED). Pain assessment was performed before the surgical procedure and prior to each training session. Pain-related peptides, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) activation and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) were evaluated in the trigeminal nucleus. In order to confirm the possible involvement of cannabinoid receptors, we also injected antagonists of CB1 and CB2 receptors. We confirmed the presence of orofacial pain after unilateral 6-OHDA-injection, which improved after aerobic exercise training. We also observed increased pain-related expression of SP, CGRP and TRPV1 and decreased CB1 and CB2 in the trigeminal ganglion and caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus in animals with PD, which was reversed after aerobic exercise training. In addition, we confirm the involvement of cannabinoid receptors since both antagonists decreased the nociceptive threshold of PD animals. These data suggest that aerobic exercise effectively improved the orofacial pain associated with the PD model, and may be mediated by pain-related neuropeptides and cannabinoid receptors in the trigeminal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Nazemi, Masoomeh¹, Fathi, Rozita¹ r.fathi@umz.ac.ir, Nasiri, Khadijeh¹, Akbari, Abolfazl²

المصدر: Gene, Cell & Tissue. Oct2023, Vol. 10 Issue 4, p1-9. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *SAFFLOWER, *TREADMILL exercise, *OXIDANT status, *DEXAMETHASONE, *EXERCISE intensity, *RATS

مستخلص: Background: Chronic use of dexamethasone, especially in athletes, is associated with reproductive disorders. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of high and moderate intensity endurance training along with the consumption of safflower extract on testicular oxidative damage and testosterone level in male rats treated with dexamethasone. Methods: A total of 45 male Wistar rats were divided into the controlled and treated groups. Dexamethasone was subcutaneously injected for five days at a dose of 8 mg/kg. High and moderate intensity exercises were performed for ten weeks (five days a week) at speeds of 28 and 34 m/min, respectively, on the treadmill. The safflower seed extract (500 mg/kg of the body weight) was administered daily during the training period by gavage. At the end of the given period, testicular tissue sampling was performed to measure malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, Nrf2, and testosterone levels. Results: The results showed that high and moderate intensity exercises along with the consumption of safflower seed extract (P = 0.000) as well as high intensity exercise alone (P = 0.04) caused a significant increase in Nrf2 expression in animals receiving dexamethasone compared to the dexamethasone group. No significant change was observed in the testosterone level of the dexamethasone group compared to that of the control group. However, a significant change was detected in its level in some groups treated with moderate exercise, intense exercise, and safflower extract. Conclusions: It was concluded that moderate and high intensity endurance training, along with the consumption of safflower extract, had the potential to prevent infertility caused by dexamethasone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]