المؤلفون: Arrington, J, Benesch, J, Camsonne, A, Caylor, J, Chen, J-P, Dusa, S Covrig, Emmert, A, Evans, G, Gao, H, Hansen, J-O, Huber, GM, Joosten, S, Khachatryan, V, Liyanage, N, Meziani, Z-E, Nycz, M, Peng, C, Paolone, M, Seay, W, Souder, PA, Sparveris, N, Spiesberger, H, Tian, Y, Voutier, E, Xie, J, Xiong, W, Ye, Z-Y, Ye, Z, Zhang, J, Zhao, Z-W, Zheng, X, Collaboration, For the Jefferson Lab SoLID

المصدر: Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics. 50(11)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, quantum chromodynamics, 3D imaging, transverse momentum distributions, parity violation deep inelastic scattering, standard model, proton gluonic gravitational form factors, J/& psi, electro- and photoproduction, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics

الوصف: The solenoidal large intensity device (SoLID) is a new experimental apparatus planned for Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). SoLID will combine large angular and momentum acceptance with the capability to handle very high data rates at high luminosity. With a slate of approved high-impact physics experiments, SoLID will push JLab to a new limit at the QCD intensity frontier that will exploit the full potential of its 12 GeV electron beam. In this paper, we present an overview of the rich physics program that can be realized with SoLID, which encompasses the tomography of the nucleon in 3D momentum space from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, expanding the phase space in the search for new physics and novel hadronic effects in parity-violating DIS, a precision measurement of J/ψ production at threshold that probes the gluon field and its contribution to the proton mass, tomography of the nucleon in combined coordinate and momentum space with deep exclusive reactions, and more. To meet the challenging requirements, the design of SoLID described here takes full advantage of recent progress in detector, data acquisition and computing technologies. In addition, we outline potential experiments beyond the currently approved program and discuss the physics that could be explored should upgrades of CEBAF become a reality in the future.

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s81t3kpTest

المؤلفون: M.I. Abdulhamid, B.E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, I. Aggarwal, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, E.C. Aschenauer, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, J.G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, S.R. Bhosale, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J.D. Brandenburg, C. Broodo, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H.J. Crawford, M. Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, I.M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J.C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C.J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F.A. Flor, C. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, T. Gao, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M.D. Harasty, J.W. Harris, H. Harrison-Smith, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, N. Herrmann, L. Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T.J. Humanic, M. Isshiki, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, D. Keane, A. Khanal, Y.V. Khyzhniak, D.P. Kikoła, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A.G. Knospe, H.S. Ko, L.K. Kosarzewski, L. Kumar, M.C. Labonte, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, D. Li, H.-S. Li, H. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M.A. Lisa, C. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, O. Lomicky, R.S. Longacre, E.M. Loyd, T. Lu, J. Luo, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y.G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, R. Manikandhan, S. Margetis, C. Markert, G. McNamara, O. Mezhanska, K. Mi, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, I. Mooney, J. Mrazkova, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, M. Nasim, D. Neff, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, T. Nonaka, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, K. Okubo, B.S. Page, R. Pak, S. Pal, A. Pandav, A.K. Pandey, T. Pani, A. Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, T. Protzman, V. Prozorova, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, C. Racz, S.K. Radhakrishnan, A. Rana, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, C.W. Robertson, M. Robotkova, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, N.R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, B.C. Schaefer, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, F.-J. Seck, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P.V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, A.I. Sheikh, D. Shen, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D.J. Stewart, Y. Su, M. Sumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, M. Svoboda, Z.W. Sweger, A.C. Tamis, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, S. Trentalange, P. Tribedy, S.K. Tripathy, T. Truhlar, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, J. Tyler, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S.A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J.C. Webb, P.C. Weidenkaff, G.D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, X. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, M. Zyzak

المصدر: Physics Letters B, Vol 854, Iss , Pp 138715- (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Z0, Cross section, Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs), Transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA, AN), Sivers function, Physics, QC1-999

الوصف: The differential cross section for Z0 production, measured as a function of the boson's transverse momentum (pT), provides important constraints on the evolution of the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs). The transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA) of the Z0 is sensitive to one of the polarized TMDs, the Sivers function, which is predicted to have the opposite sign in p+p →W/Z+X from that which enters in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering. In this Letter, the STAR Collaboration reports the first measurement of the Z0/γ⁎ differential cross section as a function of its pT in p+p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 510 GeV, together with the Z0/γ⁎ total cross section. We also report the measurement of Z0/γ⁎ TSSA in transversely polarized p+p collisions at 510 GeV.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269324002739Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0370-2693Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/e3c60c16e03143de8f220eb576e8c7dbTest

المؤلفون: Dennis Bollweg, Xiang Gao, Swagato Mukherjee, Yong Zhao

المصدر: Physics Letters B, Vol 852, Iss , Pp 138617- (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Transverse-momentum-dependent distributions, Collins-Soper kernel, Lattice QCD, Coulomb gauge, Domain-wall fermion, Physics, QC1-999

الوصف: We present a lattice QCD calculation of the rapidity anomalous dimension of quark transverse-momentum-dependent distributions, i.e., the Collins-Soper (CS) kernel, up to transverse separations of about 1 fm. This unitary lattice calculation is conducted, for the first time, employing the chiral-symmetry-preserving domain wall fermion discretization and physical values of light and strange quark masses. The CS kernel is extracted from the ratios of pion quasi-transverse-momentum-dependent wave functions (quasi-TMDWFs) at next-to-leading logarithmic perturbative accuracy. Also for the first time, we utilize the recently proposed Coulomb-gauge-fixed quasi-TMDWF correlator without a Wilson line. We observe significantly slower signal decay with increasing quark separations compared to the established gauge-invariant method with a staple-shaped Wilson line. This enables us to determine the CS kernel at large nonperturbative transverse separations and find its near-linear dependence on the latter. Our result is consistent with the recent lattice calculation using gauge-invariant quasi-TMDWFs, and agrees with various recent phenomenological parametrizations of experimental data.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269324001758Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0370-2693Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/6768aab05dc447619a8202511dcb51bcTest

المؤلفون: Alexey Guskov, Amaresh Datta, Anton Karpishkov, Igor Denisenko, Vladimir Saleev

المصدر: Physics, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 672-687 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: spin physics, nucleon spin, gluon helicity PDF, transverse momentum dependent (TMD) PDF, gluon Sivers function, Physics, QC1-999

الوصف: In this paper, we review the physics studies to be performed with the Spin Physics Detector (SPD) at the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) which is a multi-purpose experiment designed to study nucleon spin structure in the three dimensions. With capabilities to collide polarized protons and deuterons with center-of-mass energy up to 27 GeV and luminosity up to 1032cm−2s−1 for protons (an order of magnitude less for deuterons), the experiment is considered to allow measurements of cross-sections and spin asymmetries of hadronic processes sensitive to the unpolarized and various polarized (helicity, Sivers, Boer-Mulders) gluon distributions inside the nucleons. Results from the SPD will be complimentary to the present high-energy spin experiments at the RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) facility or future experiments such as the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at BNL (Brookhaven National Laboratory) and the AFTER experiment at the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) in understanding the spin structure of the basic building blocks of visible matter. Monte Carlo simulation-based results presented here demonstrate the impact of the SPD asymmetry measurements on gluon helicity parton distribution function (PDF) and gluon Sivers functions. With polarized deuteron collisions, the SPD is expected to be the unique laboratory for probing tensor-polarized gluon distributions. Additionally, there are possibilities of colliding other light nuclei, such as carbon, at reduced collision energy and luminosity during the first stage of the experiment.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8174/5/3/44Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2624-8174Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/f05b1c8c8e4247efaa73e15def1f5c04Test

المؤلفون: Yu. M. Sinyukov, V. M. Shapoval, M. D. Adzhymambetov

المصدر: Âderna Fìzika ta Energetika, Vol 24, Iss 2, Pp 87-92 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, particle yields, transverse momentum spectra, femtoscopy scales., Atomic physics. Constitution and properties of matter, QC170-197

الوصف: In the present work, we combine and systemize the results of our recent research activity aiming to reveal the spatiotemporal structure of those extremely hot, dense, and rapidly expanding systems, which form in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, as well as to reproduce in computer simulations the experimentally measured bulk observables. The latter include hadronic yields, particle number ratios, transverse momentum spectra, νn coefficients, and the femtoscopy scales, calculated for different collision energies within the integrated hydrokinetic model. We investigate how our simulation results depend on the model tuning, in particular, the utilized equation of state for quark-gluon matter and discuss the effect of the post-hydrodynamic stage of the system's evolution on the observables formation.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://jnpae.kinr.kiev.ua/24.2/Articles_PDF/jnpae-2023-24-0087-Sinyukov.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1818-331XTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2074-0565Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/02399fb20614416dbd3ed01ecef49d35Test

المؤلفون: Kai-Bao Chen, Tianbo Liu, Yu-Kun Song, Shu-Yi Wei

المصدر: Particles, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 515-545 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: fragmentation function, transverse-momentum-dependent factorization, QCD evolution, spin-related effects, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798

الوصف: The hadronization of a high-energy parton is described by fragmentation functions which are introduced through QCD factorizations. While the hadronization mechanism per se remains uknown, fragmentation functions can still be investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative study mainly concentrates on extracting genuine features based on the operator definition in quantum field theory. The quantitative research focuses on describing a variety of experimental data employing the fragmentation function given by the parameterizations or model calculations. With the foundation of the transverse-momentum-dependent factorization, the QCD evolution of leading twist transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions has also been established. In addition, the universality of fragmentation functions has been proven, albeit model-dependently, so that it is possible to perform a global analysis of experimental data in different high-energy reactions. The collective efforts may eventually reveal important information hidden in the shadow of nonperturbative physics. This review covers the following topics: transverse-momentum-dependent factorization and the corresponding QCD evolution, spin-dependent fragmentation functions at leading and higher twists, several experimental measurements and corresponding phenomenological studies, and some model calculations.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-712X/6/2/29Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2571-712XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/d906c0acd9ba4c6f95e48d993e74e955Test

المؤلفون: Simone Rodini, Alessio Carmelo Alvaro, Barbara Pasquini

المصدر: Physics Letters B, Vol 845, Iss , Pp 138163- (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Next-to-leading power, Higher-twist, Transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions, Physics, QC1-999

الوصف: Phenomenological studies of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions rely on the expansion in small values of the transverse separation of fields, where TMD parton distributions match onto collinear parton distribution functions. In this work, we derive this expansion at tree-level for the genuine next-to-leading power quark-gluon-quark TMDs, taking into account all the target mass corrections. We find that only a limited number of TMD parton distributions exhibit matching to twist-three collinear distributions, leading to a significant simplification in the analysis of the structure functions of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269323004975Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0370-2693Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a2b2a9cbf7e744f49444cb07bb8c904bTest

المؤلفون: Yan-Feng Geng, Bao-Chun Li

المصدر: Frontiers in Physics, Vol 11 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Tsallis statistics, multisource production, transverse momentum spectra, nuclear modification factor, high-energy heavy-ion collisions, Physics, QC1-999

الوصف: Properties of the particle distribution in high energy heavy-ion collisions are important for understanding the particle production. In Tsallis statistics with a multisource production, we study the transverse momentum spectra of D0, D+, D*+, Ds+, J/ψ in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV and charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN = 2.76 TeV. A good agreement can be observed between the results obtained in the model and the experimental results of ALICE and CMS collaboration. The nuclear modification factor RAA is reproduced. Properties reflected in the multiparticle system are discussed by the parameters provided in the improved model. It is found that the temperature T and the tft/τ increase with the centrality for the same particle due to the excitation degree of the multiparticle system. The non-equilibrium degree at sNN = 5.02 TeV is larger than that at sNN = 2.76 TeV. It shows that the system at the larger collision energy deviates farther from the equilibrium state.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1257937/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2296-424XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/69249ef1da1a430b82dc323404842df6Test

المؤلفون: Caiqing Luo, Yunliang Ren, Ibrahim Sitiwaldi

المصدر: Results in Physics, Vol 52, Iss , Pp 106881- (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Schwinger threshold, Quantum field theoretical simulations, Inhomogeneous electric field, Transverse momentum, Physics, QC1-999

الوصف: We perform a large scale of quantum field theoretical simulations in 1+1 spacetime, to examine the Schwinger threshold in a spatially finite-extended electric field. We get a smaller field threshold compared to that introduced by the Schwinger’s formula as well as the worldline instantons. We also check the location-based production rate to show that the boundary effect on the field threshold is limited. At last, we explain the reduced Schwinger threshold in terms of the absence of the transverse momentum in 1-dimensional space, which could make the particle more massive to experience a higher threshold in 3-dimensional space. Our results indicate that the field threshold for the Schwinger effect could be underestimated in 1-dimensional approach which is commonly used in previous studies.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211379723006745Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2211-3797Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/6c83eb0378554474806bedb0857ea58cTest

المؤلفون: Huiqiang Ding, Luan Cheng, Tingting Dai, Enke Wang, Wei-Ning Zhang

المصدر: Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 12, p 1655 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: statistical two-body fractal model, J/ψ distribution, transverse momentum spectrum, Science, Astrophysics, QB460-466, Physics, QC1-999

الوصف: We establish a statistical two-body fractal (STF) model to study the spectrum of J/ψ. J/ψ serves as a reliable probe in heavy-ion collisions. The distribution of J/ψ in hadron gas is influenced by flow, quantum and strong interaction effects. Previous models have predominantly focused on one or two of these effects while neglecting the others, resulting in the inclusion of unconsidered effects in the fitted parameters. Here, we study the issue from a new point of view by analyzing the fact that all three effects induce a self-similarity structure, involving a J/ψ-π two-meson state and a J/ψ, π two-quark state, respectively. We introduce modification factor qTBS and q2 into the probability and entropy of charmonium. qTBS denotes the modification of self-similarity on J/ψ, q2 denotes that of self-similarity and strong interaction between c and c¯ on quarks. By solving the probability and entropy equations, we derive the values of qTBS and q2 at various collision energies and centralities. Substituting the value of qTBS into distribution function, we successfully obtain the transverse momentum spectrum of low-pT J/ψ, which demonstrates good agreement with experimental data. The STF model can be employed to investigate other mesons and resonance states.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/12/1655Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1099-4300Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ae7aa790d4ed42e1aeeccd09ba60fa33Test