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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Egorov A.A.
المصدر: Quantum Electronics
مصطلحات موضوعية: Integrated-optical waveguide, Inverse waveguide scattering problem, Statistical irregularities, White noise
الوصف: An electrodynamic problem of laser radiation scattering in an integrated-optical waveguide containing small statistical irregularities (interface roughness and irregularities of the refractive indices of the waveguide-forming media) is considered. The possibility of using the waveguide scattering of laser radiation for extracting the information on the statistical properties of irregularities from noisy data of the scattering diagram in a far-field zone is shown. An algorithm for reconstructing the autocorrelation function of irregularities for the correlation interval changing within a wide range is described. The possibility of restoring a given Gaussian autocorrelation function that describes statistical irregularities of the waveguide substrate surface for a correlation interval changing between 10 nm and 10 μm and a high-level additive white real noise is shown by computer simulation.
العلاقة: https://doi.org/10.1070/QE2002v032n04ABEH002198Test; https://openrepository.ru/article?id=251439Test
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2
المؤلفون: Peter Klimek, Ahmet Aykaç, Stefan Thurner
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biophysics, Medicine, Biotechnology, Sociology, Science Policy, Space Science, Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified,
+concerns%22">xlink "> concerns, smaller polling stations, significantly inflated votes, show large swings, providing important information, erdo &# 287, 000 additional ballots, election forensics tools, 2023 presidential election, fewer ballot boxes, identify statistical traces, ballot stuffing practices, turkish elections continue, turkey &# 8217, 2018 presidential election, electoral units may, ballot stuffing, election results, statistical model, statistical irregularities, electoral fraud, electoral districts, voter manipulation الوصف: For each analyzed election, results are provided as separate sheets within a single XLSX files. Each row corresponds to an electoral unit (ballot box for elections in Turkey). The columns correspond to the size of the vote eligible population, n i , thurnout, the votes for the winner, V i . and an index labelling the administrative region. (XLSX)
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293239.s001Test
https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Election_data_/24567373Test -
3صورةStatistical analysis of vote shifts from Kılıçdaroğlu to Erdoğan from the first to the second round.
المؤلفون: Peter Klimek, Ahmet Aykaç, Stefan Thurner
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biophysics, Medicine, Biotechnology, Sociology, Science Policy, Space Science, Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified,
+concerns%22">xlink "> concerns, smaller polling stations, significantly inflated votes, show large swings, providing important information, erdo &# 287, 000 additional ballots, election forensics tools, 2023 presidential election, fewer ballot boxes, identify statistical traces, ballot stuffing practices, turkish elections continue, turkey &# 8217, 2018 presidential election, electoral units may, ballot stuffing, election results, statistical model, statistical irregularities, electoral fraud, electoral districts, voter manipulation الوصف: (A) The vote shares for Erdoğan and Oğan in the first round are strongly correlated with Erdoğan’s vote share in the second round, although there are some outliers. (B) A histogram of these vote shifts shows that these outliers typically favour Erdoğan in the sense that large shifts from anti to pro Erdoğan are much more common than the other way around. (C) Looking at the proportion of ballot boxes coming from districts with two or fewer ballot boxes as a function of vote shifts, we see that these extreme vote shifts favouring Erdoğan occur predominantly in districts with fewer ballot boxes.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293239.g005Test
https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Statistical_analysis_of_vote_shifts_from_K_l_daro_lu_to_Erdo_an_from_the_first_to_the_second_round_/24567388Test -
4صورة
المؤلفون: Peter Klimek, Ahmet Aykaç, Stefan Thurner
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biophysics, Medicine, Biotechnology, Sociology, Science Policy, Space Science, Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified,
+concerns%22">xlink "> concerns, smaller polling stations, significantly inflated votes, show large swings, providing important information, erdo &# 287, 000 additional ballots, election forensics tools, 2023 presidential election, fewer ballot boxes, identify statistical traces, ballot stuffing practices, turkish elections continue, turkey &# 8217, 2018 presidential election, electoral units may, ballot stuffing, election results, statistical model, statistical irregularities, electoral fraud, electoral districts, voter manipulation الوصف: (A) The displacement δ ( p ) between small and large units for the first (solid dark magenta line) and second (solid light magenta line) round of the 2023 elections is very narrowly outside the accepted range for a restricted set of size thresholds, similar as it was in 2018 (solid black line). These displacements are much smaller displacements in the Russian or Venezuelan elections (dashed lines); the reference elections are shown as dotted lines. (B) Units in the 2023 and 2018 Turkish elections are ranked according to their electorate size. We show the cumulative vote share, cum i ( v ), calculated over all units with a size greater than the given rank. As in 2018, we observe a characteristic “hockey stick” in 2023, meaning that units with high rank (low electorate size) show a clear tendency to favour Erdoğan.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293239.g003Test
https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Results_of_the_statistical_test_for_voter_manipulation_/24567382Test -
5صورة
المؤلفون: Peter Klimek, Ahmet Aykaç, Stefan Thurner
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biophysics, Medicine, Biotechnology, Sociology, Science Policy, Space Science, Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified,
+concerns%22">xlink "> concerns, smaller polling stations, significantly inflated votes, show large swings, providing important information, erdo &# 287, 000 additional ballots, election forensics tools, 2023 presidential election, fewer ballot boxes, identify statistical traces, ballot stuffing practices, turkish elections continue, turkey &# 8217, 2018 presidential election, electoral units may, ballot stuffing, election results, statistical model, statistical irregularities, electoral fraud, electoral districts, voter manipulation الوصف: For a given turnout level, the cumulative vote share of ballot boxes with this or lower turnout is shown. In 2018, a majority of more than 50% is achieved by including boxes with a turnout of more than 90% (blue). In the first round in 2023 (red line) we observe similar characteristics with higher turnout and lower vote shares (below 50%), whereas in the second round (yellow) Erdoğan reached a majority of votes.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293239.g001Test
https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Votes_for_Erdo_an_as_a_function_of_voter_turnout_for_2018_and_2023_/24567376Test -
6
المؤلفون: Peter Klimek, Ahmet Aykaç, Stefan Thurner
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biophysics, Medicine, Biotechnology, Sociology, Science Policy, Space Science, Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified,
+concerns%22">xlink "> concerns, smaller polling stations, significantly inflated votes, show large swings, providing important information, erdo &# 287, 000 additional ballots, election forensics tools, 2023 presidential election, fewer ballot boxes, identify statistical traces, ballot stuffing practices, turkish elections continue, turkey &# 8217, 2018 presidential election, electoral units may, ballot stuffing, election results, statistical model, statistical irregularities, electoral fraud, electoral districts, voter manipulation الوصف: Overall, 0.25% of ballot boxes were affected by vote shits of more than 14.5% (which is more than five standard deviations higher than the typical vote swings). The table gives the 38 districts in which ballot boxes with such extreme vote shifts occurred significantly more often than expected (after Bonferroni adjustment for mutliple testing).
العلاقة: https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Districts_with_significant_extreme_vote_shifts_/24567391Test
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293239.t001Test
https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Districts_with_significant_extreme_vote_shifts_/24567391Test -
7صورة
المؤلفون: Peter Klimek, Ahmet Aykaç, Stefan Thurner
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biophysics, Medicine, Biotechnology, Sociology, Science Policy, Space Science, Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified,
+concerns%22">xlink "> concerns, smaller polling stations, significantly inflated votes, show large swings, providing important information, erdo &# 287, 000 additional ballots, election forensics tools, 2023 presidential election, fewer ballot boxes, identify statistical traces, ballot stuffing practices, turkish elections continue, turkey &# 8217, 2018 presidential election, electoral units may, ballot stuffing, election results, statistical model, statistical irregularities, electoral fraud, electoral districts, voter manipulation الوصف: The fingerprints for (A) first round and (B) second round show joint vote-turnout distributions with color intensity encoding the number of ballot boxes with a given vote (y-axis) and turnout (x-axis). For both elections, we find a visible correlation in the region of high vote and turnout (e.g. more than 80%), which can be associated with ballot stuffing. A box plot (red horizontal boxes) shows the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles of voter turnout as a function of votes (whiskers indicate the 95% confidence interval). (C) To adjust for regional characteristics, the fingerprints can be adjusted by rescaling the vote and turnout shares by their typical levels in the unit’s region, resulting in the standardised fingerprint shown. (D) Traces of voter coercion can be identified by comparing the standardised fingerprints of small (red lines) and large (blue) units, as voter coercion results in their being shifted towards inflated votes and turnout, as observed here. (E,F) The standardised fingerprints of the second round are similar to those of the first round.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293239.g002Test
https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Forensic_electoral_fingerprints_for_the_two_rounds_of_the_2023_presidential_election_/24567379Test -
8صورة
المؤلفون: Peter Klimek, Ahmet Aykaç, Stefan Thurner
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biophysics, Medicine, Biotechnology, Sociology, Science Policy, Space Science, Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified,
+concerns%22">xlink "> concerns, smaller polling stations, significantly inflated votes, show large swings, providing important information, erdo &# 287, 000 additional ballots, election forensics tools, 2023 presidential election, fewer ballot boxes, identify statistical traces, ballot stuffing practices, turkish elections continue, turkey &# 8217, 2018 presidential election, electoral units may, ballot stuffing, election results, statistical model, statistical irregularities, electoral fraud, electoral districts, voter manipulation الوصف: The fingerprints in 2023 for small units (C-F) show very different patterns than those with an electorate size of more than 100 (A, B). Considering only areas with an electorate size of less than 100 (C, D), or alternatively ballot boxes from areas with one or two ballot boxes (E, F), results in a bimodal distribution with a large mode in the region with very high turnout and votes for Erdoğan.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293239.g004Test
https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Fig_4_-/24567385Test -
9دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Yegorov A.A.
المصدر: Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering
مصطلحات موضوعية: additive noise, and regularisation method, Inverse light scattering problem, waveguide statistical irregularities
الوصف: An approximate correct solution of the inverse problem of light scattering in a planar waveguide with small statistical irregularities is obtained. The latter is reduced to the determination of the autocorrelation function of irregularities on the far zone scattering data. The solution in this case is found with the help of Tikhonov's regularisation method. © 2001 IOS Press.
العلاقة: https://doi.org/10.3233/JCM-2002-21-238Test; https://repository.rudn.ru/records/article/record/233Test/
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10دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Egorov A.A.
المصدر: Quantum Electronics
مصطلحات موضوعية: Integrated-optical waveguide, Inverse waveguide scattering problem, Statistical irregularities, White noise
الوصف: An electrodynamic problem of laser radiation scattering in an integrated-optical waveguide containing small statistical irregularities (interface roughness and irregularities of the refractive indices of the waveguide-forming media) is considered. The possibility of using the waveguide scattering of laser radiation for extracting the information on the statistical properties of irregularities from noisy data of the scattering diagram in a far-field zone is shown. An algorithm for reconstructing the autocorrelation function of irregularities for the correlation interval changing within a wide range is described. The possibility of restoring a given Gaussian autocorrelation function that describes statistical irregularities of the waveguide substrate surface for a correlation interval changing between 10 nm and 10 μm and a high-level additive white real noise is shown by computer simulation.
العلاقة: https://doi.org/10.1070/QE2002v032n04ABEH002198Test; https://repository.rudn.ru/records/article/record/178Test/
