المؤلفون: Anahita Kate, Sayan Basu

المصدر: F1000Research, Vol 12 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: corneal blindness, corneal transplantation, keratoplasty, eye banking, prevention of blindness, eng, Medicine, Science

الوصف: Corneal blindness is an important contributor to the burden of global blindness and has a greater prevalence in low-income countries of the developing world where resources and infrastructure are limited. The causes of corneal blindness too are different from high-income countries and include infectious keratitis, ocular trauma, and xerophthalmia. Persons with these indications tend to have unfavourable outcomes after corneal transplantation, limiting their chances of benefitting from this sight-saving procedure. However, most causes of corneal blindness in the developing world are preventable. This highlights the importance of understanding the unique challenges in these regions and the need for targeted interventions. This article discusses various prevention strategies, including primordial, primary, and secondary prevention, aimed at reducing the burden of corneal blindness in low-income countries. These include capacity building, training, and awareness campaigns to reduce the risk factors of ocular trauma, infectious keratitis, and to improve access to first aid. It is also important to promote safe eye practices and tackle nutritional deficiencies through public health interventions and policy changes. Providing the required training to general ophthalmologists in the management of basic corneal surgeries and diseases and enhancing the accessibility of eye care services in rural areas will ensure early treatment and prevent sequelae. Current treatment modalities belong to the tertiary level of prevention and are largely limited to corneal transplantation. In developing nations, there is a scarcity of donor corneal tissue necessitating an urgent expansion of eye banking services. Alternative approaches to corneal transplantation such as 3D printed corneas, cultured stem cells, and biomaterials should also be explored to meet this demand. Thus, there is a need for collaborative efforts between healthcare professionals, policymakers, and communities to implement effective prevention strategies and reduce the prevalence of corneal blindness in the developing world.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1309/v2Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2046-1402Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/934ea2880e6b455aae3f6ae262a19b83Test

المؤلفون: Shujuan Cao, Rongpei Zhang, Aixin Jiang, Mayila Kuerban, Aizezi Wumaier, Jianhua Wu, Kaihua Xie, Mireayi Aizezi, Abudurexiti Tuersun, Xuanwei Liang, Rongxin Chen

المصدر: BioMedical Engineering OnLine, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Artificial intelligence, Color fundus photography, Ocular fundus abnormalities, Early screening, Prevention of blindness, Medical technology, R855-855.5

الوصف: Abstract Background To investigate the application effect of artificial intelligence (AI)-based fundus screening system in real-world clinical environment. Methods A total of 637 color fundus images were included in the analysis of the application of the AI-based fundus screening system in the clinical environment and 20,355 images were analyzed in the population screening. Results The AI-based fundus screening system demonstrated superior diagnostic effectiveness for diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and pathological myopia (PM) according to gold standard referral. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of three fundus abnormalities were greater (all > 80%) than those for age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), referable glaucoma and other abnormalities. The percentages of different diagnostic conditions were similar in both the clinical environment and the population screening. Conclusions In a real-world setting, our AI-based fundus screening system could detect 7 conditions, with better performance for DR, RVO and PM. Testing in the clinical environment and through population screening demonstrated the clinical utility of our AI-based fundus screening system in the early detection of ocular fundus abnormalities and the prevention of blindness.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1475-925XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9a9b3dd4b2c34e1b943df56b0b8793dbTest

المؤلفون: Suha Aljoma, Muna Faris

المصدر: الرافدین للحقوق, Vol 25, Iss 82, Pp 249-301 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: visual impairment, international agency for the prevention of blindness, iraqi law of 2013, marrakesh agreement, Law

الوصف: Individuals with visual impairments are among the vulnerable groups in society, and for this, they must have the right to a remedy and have the necessary legal protection for their basic rights in various areas of their lives in view of their special needs, which contributes to increasing their interaction with their communities. International human rights law has provided this group with a package of international legal mechanisms and rules to protect their rights, foremost of which is the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, to oblige countries, including Iraq, which became a party to it in 2010, to enact national legislation that allows this group to enjoy their rights. Law No. (83) of 2013, which provided the legal basis for protecting the rights of this segment at the national level.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_177369_11603b55e05d9b384ad724627ea35776.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1819-1746Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2664-2778Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/39e163e0722c44a2ab81376918c906deTest

المؤلفون: Taraprasad Das, Shalem Raj Padakandla, Sisinthy Shivaji, Rajagopalaboopathi Jayasudha, Brijesh Takkar

المصدر: Ophthalmology and Therapy, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 1109-1126 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Microbiome, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Gut retina axis, Prevention of blindness, Ophthalmology, RE1-994

الوصف: Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to compare the microbiome in the aqueous humour and gut of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods This was a prospective controlled study. The study included 17 people undergoing intraocular surgery in their naïve eyes. Stool samples were obtained in the perioperative period; aqueous humour samples of sufficient quantity were obtained in 12 people during intraocular surgery. Dietary information was obtained using a previously validated questionnaire. The gut and aqueous humour samples were assessed for microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing coupled with QIIME and R software. Results Aqueous humour was analysed in 12 people: 4 each healthy controls, people with DM, and people with DR. There were minor differences at the phyla levels, but the aqueous humour microbiomes of healthy controls, DM, and DR formed three distinct clusters on heat map analysis with discriminatory genera. This genera-level clustering was more apparent for the intraocular than the gut microbiome. In people with DM and DR, we identified genera unique to the eye or the gut. There was a consistent reduction in the abundance of anti-inflammatory bacteria in people with DR than DM. Conclusions There is a difference in intraocular and gut microbiome regardless of disease or health. Our preliminary findings indicate distinctive features of the intraocular microbiome in people with DR compared with those without it. While this distinctiveness appears more evident in aqueous humour than in the gut, it needs further confirmation with larger studies.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2193-8245Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2193-6528Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a5e58fbcd7134713a53b69f82d749f49Test

المؤلفون: POONIA, RAUNAQ, MEENA, SAJJAN SINGH, BHARGAVA, POONAM, BHAKHAR, SATA RAM

المصدر: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research; Vol 16 Issue 1 January 2023; 150-152 ; 2455-3891 ; 0974-2441

مصطلحات موضوعية: Blind school, Ocular morbidity, Prevention of blindness

الوصف: Objective: The study was undertaken to find out the causes of blindness and visual impairment among students in integrated schools for the blind in Bikaner city of Rajasthan. Methods: A observational study was conducted in the only blind school of Bikaner city. The understudies in the visually impaired school visited were remembered for the review and informed assents from guardians were gotten. Pertinent visual history and essential visual assessments were completed on the understudies of the visually impaired school. Results: A total of 81 students were examined in school of the blind in Bikaner. The main causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in the better eye of students were microphthalmos (25.92%), corneal scar (20.98%), phthisis bulbi (16.04%), retinal dystrophy (8.64%), optic nerve atrophy (8.64%), buphthalmos/glaucoma (6.17%), amblyopia (3.7%), staphyloma (3.7%), cataract (1.23%), anophthalmos (1.23%), aphakia (1.23%), coloboma (1.23%), retinal detachment (1.23%), etc. Of these, 11 (13.58%) students had preventable causes of blindness. Conclusion: It was observed that inherited infections, corneal scar, glaucoma, and waterfall were the conspicuous reasons for visual impairment among the understudies of visually impaired school. Practically, 13.58% of the students had preventable causes, demonstrating the need of genetical directing and centered intercession.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/46301/27594Test; https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/46301Test

الإتاحة: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/46301Test

المؤلفون: Sanz González, Silvia María, García Medina, José Javier, Zanón Moreno, Vicente, López Gálvez, María Isabel, Galarreta Mira, David, Duarte, Lilianne, Valero Velló, Mar, Ramírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel, Arévalo, J. Fernando, Pinazo Durán, Mª Dolores

مصطلحات موضوعية: 617.735-008.64, 543.635.3, 616.379‑008.64, type 2 diabetes mellitus, retinopathy, oxidative stress, Antioxidants, Omega-3 fatty acids, Candidate biomarkers, Prevention of blindness, Dietética y nutrición (Medicina), Oftalmología, Anatomía ocular, 3206 Ciencias de la Nutrición, 3201.09 Oftalmología

الوصف: Received: 6 September 2020 / Revised: 29 October 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 / Published: 9 November 2020 This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases: Focus on Redox Status Assessment in Biological Fluids, Tissues and Cells ; Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and ROS-signaling pathways activation attack the eyes. We evaluated the oxidative stress (OS) and the effects of a daily, core nutritional supplement regimen containing antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids (A/ω3) in type 2 diabetics (T2DM). A case-control study was carried out in 480 participants [287 T2DM patients with (+)/without (−) diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 193 healthy controls (CG)], randomly assigned to a daily pill of A/ω3. Periodic evaluation through 38 months allowed to outline patient characteristics, DR features, and classic/OS blood parameters. Statistics were performed by the SPSS 24.0 program. Diabetics displayed significantly higher circulating pro-oxidants (p = 0.001) and lower antioxidants (p = 0.0001) than the controls. Significantly higher plasma malondialdehyde/thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA/TBARS; p = 0.006) and lower plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC; p = 0.042) and vitamin C (0.020) was found in T2DM + DR versus T2DM-DR. The differential expression profile of solute carrier family 23 member 2 (SLC23A2) gene was seen in diabetics versus the CG (p = 0.001), and in T2DM + DR versus T2DM − DR (p < 0.05). The A/ω3 regime significantly reduced the pro-oxidants (p < 0.05) and augmented the antioxidants (p < 0.05). This follow-up study supports that a regular A/ω3 supplementation reduces the oxidative load and may serve as a dietary prophylaxis/adjunctive intervention for patients at risk of diabetic blindness. ; Unidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL ; Fac. de Óptica y Optometría ; TRUE ; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) ; Instituto de salud Carlos III (ISCIII)/FEDER ; pub

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: PI13/00480 and PI16/00797; OFTARED (RD16-0008); ESSN 2076-3921; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111101Test; https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/11/1101Test#; https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/7528Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/20.500.14352/7528Test
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111101Test
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/7528Test
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/11/1101Test#

المؤلفون: Silvia Sanz-González, José García-Medina, Vicente Zanón-Moreno, María López-Gálvez, David Galarreta-Mira, Lilianne Duarte, Mar Valero-Velló, Ana Ramírez, J. Arévalo, María Pinazo-Durán, on behalf of the Valencia Study Group on Diabetic Retinopathy (VSDR) Report number 4

المصدر: Antioxidants; Volume 9; Issue 11; Pages: 1101

مصطلحات موضوعية: type 2 diabetes mellitus, retinopathy, oxidative stress, antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, candidate biomarkers, prevention of blindness

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and ROS-signaling pathways activation attack the eyes. We evaluated the oxidative stress (OS) and the effects of a daily, core nutritional supplement regimen containing antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids (A/ω3) in type 2 diabetics (T2DM). A case-control study was carried out in 480 participants [287 T2DM patients with (+)/without (−) diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 193 healthy controls (CG)], randomly assigned to a daily pill of A/ω3. Periodic evaluation through 38 months allowed to outline patient characteristics, DR features, and classic/OS blood parameters. Statistics were performed by the SPSS 24.0 program. Diabetics displayed significantly higher circulating pro-oxidants (p = 0.001) and lower antioxidants (p = 0.0001) than the controls. Significantly higher plasma malondialdehyde/thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA/TBARS; p = 0.006) and lower plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC; p = 0.042) and vitamin C (0.020) was found in T2DM + DR versus T2DM-DR. The differential expression profile of solute carrier family 23 member 2 (SLC23A2) gene was seen in diabetics versus the CG (p = 0.001), and in T2DM + DR versus T2DM − DR (p < 0.05). The A/ω3 regime significantly reduced the pro-oxidants (p < 0.05) and augmented the antioxidants (p < 0.05). This follow-up study supports that a regular A/ω3 supplementation reduces the oxidative load and may serve as a dietary prophylaxis/adjunctive intervention for patients at risk of diabetic blindness.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111101Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111101Test

المؤلفون: Gudlavalleti VS Murthy

المصدر: Community Eye Health Journal, Vol 30, Iss 100, Pp 99-101 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: blindness, eye care programmes, eye health, prevention of blindness, service delivery, south-Asia, visual impairment, Ophthalmology, RE1-994

الوصف: Despite South Asia’s many challenges, including a rapid increase in non-communicable eye diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, the many and varied successes of the last thirty years are a cause for celebration.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.cehjournal.org/article/eye-care-in-south-asia-1988-2018-developments-achievements-and-future-challengesTest/; https://doaj.org/toc/0953-6833Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1993-7288Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8edbbd207a394c87a3b3795efa78c459Test

المؤلفون: Sila Bal, Carlos Gonzalez, Sarah Marjane

المصدر: The Pan-American Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 7-7 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: cataract, prevention of blindness, vision, Ophthalmology, RE1-994

الوصف: Introduction: Cataracts remain the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Despite this, there is a lack of information surrounding cataracts in Ecuador. We sought to assess the rate and barriers to cataract-related care in two Ecuadorian communities to identify points of intervention for local and international organizations. Methods: This was a cross-sectional assessment using a convenience sample of patients seen in clinics run by Fundacion Internacional Buen Samaritano Paul Martel, a local nonprofit providing affordable eye care in Ecuador. Two populations were assessed. Week 1 patients were from the Andean region of Chimborazo (W1) and week 2 patients from Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos (W2). All patients seen were assessed for cataracts. Patients identified as having cataracts completed a six-question survey related to barriers to care. The primary outcomes were the rate of cataracts and the leading barriers to care. Results: Forty-four total patients during W1 and 1,002 during W2 were seen and screened for cataracts. Mean age (years) was W1 – 44 years and W2 – 42 years. The overall rate of cataracts was 4 (9%) in W1 and 50 (5%) in W2. When stratified by age, the rate of cataracts in individuals aged 50 and over was 21% (W1) and 6% (W2). Forty-six participants with cataracts completed the survey. The major barriers to cataract-related care were cost (n = 26), followed by access (n = 7), and fear of surgery (n = 4). Conclusions: Our results confirm the high overall rate of cataracts in patients presenting to eye clinics in two distinct communities. We found that cost and access are the main barriers to care. These communities would benefit greatly from care delivery models that bring services close to where individuals live, through partnerships between local and global organizations.

العلاقة: http://www.thepajo.org/article.asp?issn=2666-4909;year=2019;volume=1;issue=1;spage=7;epage=7;aulast=BalTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2666-4909Test; https://doaj.org/article/d0bcd4005da44bacb3d57f2602ab04f3Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.4103/PAJO.PAJO_5_19Test
https://doaj.org/article/d0bcd4005da44bacb3d57f2602ab04f3Test

المؤلفون: Kyaw KK, Nanthamonkolchai S, Munsawaengsub C

مصطلحات موضوعية: Eye Care Seeking Behavior, Prevention of Blindness, Elderly, Myanmar

الوصف: This cross-sectional study was intended to identify the eye care seeking behavior among the elderly in urban area of Magway Township, Myanmar. This study used stratified random sampling method. The population consisted of 196 elderly from 4 areas in Magway Township who were interviewed through the use of a structured questionnaire during the period from 1 April to 30 April 2015. Chi-square and Fisher-exact test analysis were carried out to determine the association between the independent variables and eye care seeking behavior. The result revealed that current rate of seeking eye care was 87.4% among elderly who had eye problems within last one year (87 out of 196) in this area. Refractive error was the leading eye problems (17.3%), followed by cataract (13.8%), by eye trauma (7.1%), glaucoma (5.6%), red eye (2.6%), eye irritation (1%) and night blindness, retinal degeneration and corneal ulcer are 0.5% respectively. This study indicates that empowerment and strengthening of health care personnel, implementation of primary eye care training for community health volunteers, enhancing eye health education program at each level including primary care unit level and updating knowledge and skills of health staff on primary eye care by providing refresher training program.

العلاقة: https://zenodo.org/record/1234190Test; https://doi.org/10.19070/2332-290X-1800071Test; oai:zenodo.org:1234190

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.19070/2332-290X-1800071Test
https://zenodo.org/record/1234190Test