المؤلفون: Verma, Rachna¹, Yadav, Hina¹, Reddy, Sravan², Kumar, Deepak³, Muzammil⁴, Shukla, Deepak⁵, Gautam, Sanni Deyol⁶ sannidgautam@gmail.com

المصدر: Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research (Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research). 2024, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p712-719. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MAGNESIUM sulfate, *MYALGIA, *PROPOFOL, *ANESTHESIA, *ELECTIVE surgery

مستخلص: BACKGROUND: Succinylcholine is a commonly used muscle relaxant in anaesthesia that is associated with significant side effects, including muscle fasciculations and postoperative myalgia. Succinylcholine is used to facilitate tracheal intubation, especially in emergency situations when the risk of aspiration of gastric contents is present. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This research paper investigates the effect of administering magnesium sulfate in conjunction with propofol induction on succinylcholine-induced fasciculations and myalgia. MATERIAL & METHODS: A total of 80 adult patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were divided into two groups (group I and II). The group I patients were treated with magnesium sulphate (40 mg/kg weight) in 10 ml volume while Group II patients were pretreated with normal saline (0.9% in 10 ml volume). They were given slowly intravenously over a period of 10 mim. Then Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 1.5 mcg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg, followed by administration of succinylcholine 2 mg/kg intravenously. Muscle fasciculation and Myalgia were observed after 24 hours of surgery. They were graded as nil, mild, moderate and severe. RESULTS: The overall incidence of muscle fasciculation in group I was 52.5% while it was 100% in group II. In group I, 22.5%,12 % mild and moderate muscle fasciculation were developed and no severe cases of fasciculation were observed. While in group II, 52.5% moderate, 40 % mild and 7.5% severe muscle fasciculation were observed. Postoperative myalgia was observed after 24 hrs, and it was observed that patients of Group I were not showing any sign and symptoms of myalgia while in group II, 12.5% were mild, 7.5% were moderate and 80% were negative for myalgia. CONCLUSION: The study found that the administration of magnesium sulfate significantly reduced both the incidence and severity of succinylcholine-induced fasciculations and myalgia, suggesting a beneficial role for magnesium sulfate in anesthesia protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Deng, Jing¹ (AUTHOR), Peng, Lan² (AUTHOR), Wang, Yuwei¹ (AUTHOR), Li, Jingjing³ (AUTHOR) lijingno.2@163.com, Tang, Lian³ (AUTHOR) tanglian716@aliyun.com, Yu, Yanxia³ (AUTHOR) yuyxsz@163.com

المصدر: BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth. 6/13/2024, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p1-10. 10p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MAGNESIUM sulfate, *DRUG dosage, *MONTE Carlo method, *PHARMACOKINETICS, *PREGNANT women

مصطلحات جغرافية: PHOENIX (Ariz.)

مستخلص: Objective: To establish the population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)in women with preeclampsia (PE), and to determine the key covariates having an effect in magnesium pharmacokinetics in Chinese PE. Methods: Pregnant women with PE prescribed MgSO4 were enrolled in this prospective study from April 2021 to April 2023. On the initial day of administration, the patients were administered a loading dose of 5 g in conjunction with 10 g of magnesium sulfate as a maintenance dose. On the second day, only the maintenance dose was administration, and maternal blood samples were taken at 0, 4, 5, and 12 h after the second day's 10 g maintenance dose. The software Phoenix was used to estimate PPK parameters of MgSO4, such as clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V), and to model PPK models with patient demographic, clinical, and laboratory covariates. Results: A total of 199 blood samples were collected from 51 women with PE and PPK profiles were analyzed. The PPK of MgSO4 is consistent with to a one-compartment model. The base model adequately described the maternal serum magnesium concentrations after magnesium administration. The population parameter estimates were as follows: CL was 2.98 L/h, V was 25.07 L. The model predictions changed significantly with covariates (BMI, creatinine clearance, and furosemide). Furosemide statistically influences V. The creatinine clearance, BMI and furosemide jointly affects CL. Monte Carlo simulation results showed that a loading dose combined with a maintenance dose would need to be administered daily to achieve the therapeutic blood magnesium concentrations. For the non-furosemide group, the optimal dosing regimen was a 5 g loading dose combined with a 10 g maintenance dose of MgSO4. For the furosemide group, the optimal dosing regimen was a 2.5 g loading dose combined with a 10 g maintenance dose of MgSO4. Conclusions: The magnesium PPK model was successfully developed and evaluated in Chinese preeclampsia population, and the dose optimization of MgSO4 was completed through Monte Carlo simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Ononge, Sam¹ (AUTHOR) ononge2006@yahoo.com, Nakimuli, Annettee¹ (AUTHOR), Byamugisha, Josaphat¹ (AUTHOR), Adroma, Moses¹ (AUTHOR), Kiondo, Paul¹ (AUTHOR), Easterling, Thomas² (AUTHOR), Bracken, Hillary³ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: PLoS ONE. 6/12/2024, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1-14. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MAGNESIUM sulfate, *PREECLAMPSIA, *ECLAMPSIA, *DIASTOLIC blood pressure, *DRUG dosage, *SYSTOLIC blood pressure, *RESOURCE-limited settings, *PEMETREXED

مستخلص: Introduction: In low-resource settings, magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) for preeclampsia is administered majorly through an injection into the gluteal muscles 4-hourly for 24 hours. The repeated injections are very painful and may lead to infection, abscess formation, and reduced compliance. Objective: To determine the acceptability of Springfusor® pump for the administration of Magnesium Sulphate in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Design: Randomized Open Label Clinical Trial. Methods: The study was conducted at Kawempe National Referral Hospital. Eligible women had a systolic blood pressure of ≥140mmHg and or diastolic blood pressure >90mmHg, proteinuria ≥+1, and the physician's decision to start on MgSO4. Four-hundred-ninety-six participants were randomized to a Springfusor® pump group (n = 248) or control (standard of care) (n = 248) administration of MgSO4. Intervention group had a loading dose (4gm of 50% MgSO4 intravenously over 20 minutes) and maintenance therapy (1gm of 50% MgSO4 intravenously per hour for 24 hours) administered using the Springfusor®. The standard of care (SOC) group received a loading dose of 4gm of 20% MgSO4 IV over 15–20 minutes, followed by 10gm of 50% MgSO4 intramuscular (5gm in each buttock) and a maintenance dose of 5gm of 50% MgSO4 was administered IM every 4 hours for 24 hours. Both arms received the rest of the care for preeclampsia/eclampsia as per the hospital guidelines. Acceptability of the method of administration was assessed using a Likert scale (1–5; 1 and 2: acceptable and 3–5: unacceptable). Pain at the site of MgSO4 administration was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale 1–7, (1 minimal pain and 7 worst pain). Comparisons were assessed with the Chi-square test, Mann Whitney-Wilcoxon test, and Students' t-test. Results: Intervention arm; was more acceptable than the standard of care arm, (95.3% vs70.3%; p<0.001), had a lower median pain score, (2(CI: 2–2), vs 4(CI: 4–5) p<0.001), and fewer side effects. Maternal mortality was comparable between groups (0.8% in the intervention arm vs 1.2% in the IM arm). Trial registration: Trial No PACTR201712002887266 (https://pactr.samrc.ac.zaTest/). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Campos, Jorge¹ (AUTHOR) jorcambas@gmail.com, Bas, Jose Luis¹ (AUTHOR) pepobh@gmail.com, Campos, Claudia² (AUTHOR) camposbasclaudia@gmail.com, Mariscal, Gonzalo¹ (AUTHOR) gonzalo.mariscal@mail.ucv.es, Bas, Teresa¹ (AUTHOR) palobasher@gmail.com, Bas, Paloma¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Journal of Clinical Medicine. Jun2024, Vol. 13 Issue 11, p3122. 18p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MAGNESIUM sulfate, *SPINAL surgery, *AUTONOMIC nervous system, *ANALGESIA, *MUSCLE relaxants, *HEART beat

مستخلص: Optimizing pain management in spinal surgery is crucial for preventing adverse events due to delayed mobilization. Magnesium sulfate has potential benefits in spinal surgery because of its analgesic properties and modulation of neurotransmitters and autonomic nervous system. Existing evidence regarding the use of magnesium sulfate is partial and controversial, necessitating a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate its efficacy and safety. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate in spinal surgery compared to other available options. This meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. Patients undergoing spinal surgery were included, with the intervention group receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate (MS) at various doses or combinations, whereas the comparison group received other alternatives or a placebo. The efficacy and safety outcomes were assessed. Data were collected from multiple databases and analyzed using Review Manager version 5.4. Heterogeneity was assessed and fixed- or random-effects models were applied. The meta-analysis included eight studies (n = 541). Magnesium sulfate demonstrated significant reductions in pain at 24 h (MD −0.20, 95% CI: −0.39 to −0.02) and opioid consumption (SMD −0.66, 95% CI: −0.95 to −0.38) compared to placebo. Additionally, a decrease in the use of muscle relaxants (SMD −0.91, 95% CI: −1.65 to −0.17) and remifentanil (SMD −1.52, 95% CI: −1.98 to −1.05) was observed. In contrast, an increase in extubation time (MD 2.42, 95% CI: 1.14 to 3.71) and verbal response (MD 1.85, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.58) was observed compared to dexmedetomidine. In conclusion, magnesium sulfate administration in spinal surgery reduced pain and opioid consumption, and prolonged orientation and verbal response. No significant differences in blood pressure or heart rate were observed between the groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Abedzadeh, Erfaneh¹ (AUTHOR), Modir, Hesameddin² (AUTHOR), Pazooki, Shirin² (AUTHOR), Barsari, Farzad³ (AUTHOR), Almasi-Hashiani, Amir⁴ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Medical Gas Research. Jun2024, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p54-60. 7p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *LARYNGOSCOPY, *MAGNESIUM sulfate, *CLINICAL trials, *TRACHEA intubation, *DEXMEDETOMIDINE, *ONDANSETRON

مستخلص: Postoperative sore throat is one well-recognized complication, occurring most frequently following tracheal intubation. Effective prevention of postoperative sore throat has been recognized as a top priority, bringing pleasant feelings and satisfaction to patients. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of magnesium sulfate, dexmedetomidine and ondansetron gargle with lidocaine administrated prior to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation for postoperative sore throat prevention alongside hemodynamic management. This double-blind randomized clinical trial enrolled 105 general anesthesia-administered patients who had undergone laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, and they were equally randomized into three groups: magnesium sulfate, dexmedetomidine, and ondansetron groups. No significant intergroup difference was seen in oxygen saturation, non-invasive blood pressure, heart rate, duration of surgery, postoperative complications, analgesic consumption, and incidence of cough and hoarseness. The results showed statistically significant intergroup differences in pain scores and average pain intensity in the dexmedetomidine group was significantly lower than the other groups. Results suggest that dexmedetomidine gargle with lidocaine before general anesthesia induction could be recommended as an option depending on the patient's general condition and the anesthesiologist's discretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Wen, Zhi-Hong^1,2 (AUTHOR), Wu, Zong-Sheng^1,3 (AUTHOR), Huang, Shi-Ying⁴ (AUTHOR), Chou, Tung-Lin¹ (AUTHOR), Cheng, Hao-Jung² (AUTHOR), Lo, Yi-Hao^5,6 (AUTHOR), Jean, Yen-Hsuan⁷ (AUTHOR), Sung, Chun-Sung^1,3,8 (AUTHOR) cssung@vghtpe.gov.tw

المصدر: Neuroscience. May2024, Vol. 547, p98-107. 10p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *LABORATORY rats, *MAGNESIUM sulfate, *PERIPHERAL nervous system, *NITRIC-oxide synthases, *CENTRAL nervous system, *METHYL aspartate receptors

مستخلص: • Local MgSO4 administration alleviates postincisional pain. • MgSO4 post-treatment suppresses inflammation and phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor in injured tissue. • MgSO4 post-treatment attenuates astrocytic and microglial activation in ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn. Postoperative pain remains one of the most common complaints after surgery, and appropriate treatments are limited. We therefore investigated the effect of the anti-nociceptive properties of magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on incision-induced postoperative pain and peripheral and central nervous system inflammation. We found that local MgSO 4 administration dose-dependently increases paw withdrawal latency, indicating reduced peripheral postoperative pain. Furthermore, MgSO 4 inhibited the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor NR1 subunit in injured paw tissue and significantly attenuated microglial and astrocytic activation in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn. Locally administered MgSO 4 has potential for development as an adjunctive therapy for preventing central nociceptive sensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Bhattacharyya, Sanjoy Kumar¹ sanjay.krbhattacharyya@gmail.com, Sarkar, Dipnarayan¹, Basak, Subhadeep¹, Bagchi, Rumina¹, Mandal, Prithwikar¹, Halder, Alapan¹

المصدر: Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics & Gynecology. May/Jun2024, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p258-269. 12p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MAGNESIUM sulfate, *PREECLAMPSIA, *LOW-income countries, *PREVENTIVE medicine

Reviews & Products: PUBMED (Online service)

مستخلص: Aim and background: Searching is ongoing to find an alternative prophylactic magnesium sulphate regimen for severe preeclampsia despite 24 hours recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO). This review finds the provision of any such substitute prophylactic instead of the recommended ones searching through the recently published trials. Objectives: To endorse any alternative prophylactic magnesium sulphate regimen effective for severe preeclampsia. Methods: Data sources: Studies are retrieved from the bibliographic databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Eligibility Criteria, Participants, and Interventions: Included studies are recently published trials intended to compare the efficacy of different modified regimens of magnesium sulphate prophylaxis for women with severe preeclampsia in contrast to the standard regimen. Results: Out of a total of fifteen, eight studies evaluated different abbreviated regimens of magnesium sulphate prophylaxis. A lower maintenance dose of magnesium sulphate as preeclampsia-prophylaxis was assessed by two. In addition, four studies evaluated the efficacy of only loading doses of magnesium sulphate as prophylaxis. Finally, one study estimated a placebo in the postpartum period compared to the standard regimen. No incidence of eclampsia was reported in any group of eight studies. Even in the rest seven studies, eclampsia incidences did not appear significantly higher in the study group allocated for either abbreviated or low dose or loading-dose regimens. However, a statistically significant number of women in the study groups needed extension/reinstitution of prophylaxis. Low-dose and loading dose prophylaxis are found unsuitable for a recommendation. Apart from the established safety potential, abbreviated/short-course prophylaxes of magnesium sulphate have been found to generate different secondary benefits. Conclusions: The abbreviated postpartum regimen of magnesium sulphate can be recommended as prophylaxis for severe preeclampsia instead of recommended schedule if applied judicially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Shi, Erbin¹ (AUTHOR), Zhang, Ruize¹ (AUTHOR), Zeng, Xiaojia¹ (AUTHOR) erbinshi@sdu.edu.cn, Xin, Yanqing¹ (AUTHOR) yqxin@sdu.edu.cn, Ju, Enming¹ (AUTHOR), Ling, Zongcheng¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Remote Sensing. May2024, Vol. 16 Issue 9, p1592. 13p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MAGNESIUM sulfate, *MARTIAN exploration, *DOUBLE salts, *RAMAN lasers, *IMAGING systems

مستخلص: Magnesium sulfate has been widely detected on the surface of Mars. The occurrence of magnesium sulfate and mixed cationic sulfates preserves clues regarding the sedimentary environment, hydrological processes, and climate history of ancient Mars. In this study, seven magnesium sulfate double salts were synthesized in the laboratory using a high-temperature solid phase reaction or slow evaporation of aqueous solutions. The samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction to confirm their phase and homogeneity. Subsequently, the Raman, mid-infrared spectra, and visible near-infrared spectra of these samples were collected and analyzed. Our results showed that the spectra of the analyzed magnesium sulfate double salts exhibited distinctive spectral features. These laboratory results may provide new insights for the identification of various magnesium sulfate double salts on Mars during the interpretation of in situ data collected by Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC), SuperCam, and the ExoMars Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS). In addition, the MIR and VNIR spectra features obtained in this study provide an improved reference and spectra library for decipherment of data sourced from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES), Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS), and Mars Mineralogical Spectrometer (MMS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: KAUR, HERSIMRAN¹, GARG, SAHIL² sahilgarg79@gmail.com, SAH, PRANAY³, PRASAD, RAM NANDAN⁴, MARKEN, BHAVIKA⁵

المصدر: Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research. May2024, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p16-20. 4p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MAGNESIUM sulfate, *HEMODYNAMICS, *DIASTOLIC blood pressure, *SYSTOLIC blood pressure, *BLOOD pressure, *ANALGESIA

مستخلص: Introduction: Intrathecal adjuvants have gained favour in recent years with the goal of extending the duration of a block. Among these, Dexamethasone possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic action and can be given as an adjuvant to local anaesthetics to enhance the efficacy of regional anaesthesia, as well as to decrease the intensity of shivering. The addition of Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) to spinal anaesthesia helps in improving postoperative analgesia in an orthopaedic setting. Aim: To compare the effects of Intravenously (i.v.) MgSO4 and i.v. dexamethasone on intraoperative haemodynamics, the time to achieve dermatome T10 intraoperatively, and to compare postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores between the two groups at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was conducted, and patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group M (n=40): MgSO4 40 mg/kg given 15 minutes before spinal anaesthesia in 100 mL normal saline infusion i.v. Group D (n=40): Dexamethasone 8 mg given 15 minutes before spinal anaesthesia in 100 mL normal saline infusion i.v. The parameters assessed included haemodynamic parameters, time to achieve dermatome T10 intraoperatively, postoperative VAS score at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery, and any side-effects like sedation, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, urinary retention, bradycardia, and hypotension. Statistical testing was conducted using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 28.0. Results: There was no significant difference in demographic variables (age and gender) between the two groups (p-value>0.05). However, the decrease in mean heart rate, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP) was greater in group D compared to group M at different time intervals (p-value<0.05). Additionally, dermatome level T10 was achieved earlier in group D by approximately two minutes compared to group M (6.95±0.39 minutes versus 5.03±0.16 minutes, respectively, p-value<0.001). Conclusion: An i.v. infusion of 8 mg dexamethasone in 100 mL normal saline was more effective compared to an i.v. infusion of 40 mg/kg MgSO4 in terms of achieving more stable haemodynamics intraoperatively and achieving the T10 dermatome level earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: ROY, IPSITA¹, MAGDA HEMBROM, BANI PARVATI², DAS, ARINDAM³, CHOUDHURY, ARPITA⁴ arpitachoudhury1988@gmail.com

المصدر: Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research. May2024, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p27-32. 6p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MAGNESIUM sulfate, *LAPAROSCOPIC surgery, *ABDOMINAL surgery, *DEXMEDETOMIDINE, *HEMODYNAMICS, *ANALGESIA

مصطلحات جغرافية: KOLKATA (India), INDIA

مستخلص: Introduction: Laparoscopic surgeries currently represent the mainstay of surgical modalities. Pneumoperitoneum imposes significant intraoperative haemodynamic alterations, which are more pronounced in elderly patients and those with co-morbid conditions. Inadequate pain relief in the perioperative period may result in various physiological and psychological traumas. Aim: To investigate the effects of magnesium sulphate, dexmedetomidine, and lignocaine on the haemodynamic responses and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgeries. Materials and Methods: This double-blinded, randomised clinical study was conducted in the general surgery operation theatre, Post-anaesthetic Care Unit (PACU), and the male and female surgery ward of RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India from March 1, 2021, to March 1, 2022. The study involved 105 subjects assigned to Group-L, who received an injection of lignocaine as a loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg intravenously over 2-4 minutes before induction, followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mg/kg/hour throughout the surgery. Group-M received a loading dose of MgSO4 at 30 mg/kg over 15 minutes before induction, followed by 15 mg/kg/hour throughout the surgery, and Group-D received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine at 1 mcg/kg over 10 minutes before induction, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 mcg/kg/min throughout the surgery. Data on Heart Rate (HR), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), and the total dose of rescue analgesic administered in the postoperative 24 hours were recorded and analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test, as well as the Chi-square test where applicable. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The groups were comparable in terms of demographic variables and baseline haemodynamic status. The average age in Group-D was 39.13±9.48 years, in Group-M was 37.30±8.14 years, and in Group-L was 36.5±7.2 years (p=0.26). Group-D had 60% males, Group-M had 57% males, and Group-L had 60% males. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of Group-D was 25.9±2.03 (kg/m2), Group-L (Lignocaine) was 24.7±2.7, and Group-M (Magnesium Sulphate) was 23.8±3.2. Dexmedetomidine was found to be superior in maintaining haemodynamic stability throughout the perioperative period (Preinduction HR: Group-D=79.43, Group-L=79.06, Group-M=82.09; Postinduction HR: Group-D=86.49, Group-M=65.91, Group-L=72.69). There was a significant decrease in postintubation MAP, most pronounced in the Magnesium Sulphate and Dexmedetomidine groups. Post-pneumoperitoneum, the surge in MAP was most effectively prevented by Dexmedetomidine. The lowest amount of rescue analgesic (injection Diclofenac in mg) was used in the Dexmedetomidine group (55.86±5.05), followed by the Lignocaine group (126.43±17.69). Patients in the Magnesium group required the highest amount of rescue analgesic (156.43±7.91). The number of patients receiving rescue analgesia was significantly higher in the Lignocaine and Magnesium Sulphate groups (Group-D: 6.5±3.14565, Group-L: 14.75±7.36, Group-M: 18.25±8.057). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine was more effective in maintaining haemodynamic stability throughout the perioperative period and exhibited superior postoperative analgesic properties. Magnesium Sulphate and lignocaine were more effective in preventing postintubation surges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]