المؤلفون: Julián Tomaštík, Matej Varga, Tim Everett

المصدر: Data in Brief, Vol 53, Iss , Pp 110148- (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Raw data, Low-cost receivers, Global navigation satellite systems, Adverse conditions, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Science (General), Q1-390

الوصف: The miniaturisation and decrease of price are amongst the main current trends in the area of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers. Besides standalone receivers also receivers incorporated into Android devices can provide raw GNSS measurements thus enabling much wider options, formerly restricted to devices of much higher price. The article describes two datasets. The first was collected using a Xiaomi Mi 8 smartphone with and without application of a simple ground plane. In the second we compared a smartphone receiver (Google Pixel 5) with a standalone low-cost receiver (u-Blox ZED F9P). In both cases the datasets consist of multiple measurement sessions, also considering the conditions where the reception of GNSS signals was obstructed by trees’ canopy. The datasets are focused on repeatability (multiple measurements), influence of external conditions (canopy and foliage state) and the devices used.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340924001197Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2352-3409Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/349f4fc3d228427fa00bfdad86f3ae9fTest

المؤلفون: Tomaštík, Julián, Varga, Matej, Everett, Tim

المصدر: Data in Brief, 53

مصطلحات موضوعية: Raw data, Low-cost receivers, Global navigation satellite system, Adverse conditions

الوصف: The miniaturisation and decrease of price are amongst the main current trends in the area of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers. Besides standalone receivers also receivers incorporated into Android devices can provide raw GNSS measurements thus enabling much wider options, formerly restricted to devices of much higher price. The article describes two datasets. The first was collected using a Xiaomi Mi 8 smartphone with and without application of a simple ground plane. In the second we compared a smartphone receiver (Google Pixel 5) with a standalone low-cost receiver (u-Blox ZED F9P). In both cases the datasets consist of multiple measurement sessions, also considering the conditions where the reception of GNSS signals was obstructed by trees' canopy. The datasets are focused on repeatability (multiple measurements), influence of external conditions (canopy and foliage state) and the devices used. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0Test/ ) ; ISSN:2352-3409

وصف الملف: application/application/pdf

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/001186325200001; http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/666898Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/20.500.11850/666898Test
https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000666898Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.110148Test
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/666898Test

المؤلفون: Naccieli Bojorquez-Pacheco, Rosendo Romero-Andrade, Manuel Edwiges Trejo-Soto, Daniel Hernández-Andrade, Karan Nayak, Ana Isela Vidal-Vega, Aníbal Israel Arana-Medina, Gopal Sharma, Luis Enrique Acosta-Gonzalez, Richard Serrano-Agila

المصدر: Geodetski Vestnik, Vol 67, Iss 02, Pp 235-248 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: static relative method, gnss, low-cost receivers, Geodesy, QB275-343

الوصف: The advancement of low-cost GNSS receivers with modern built-up characteristics has opened a new window to investigate the performance of various low-cost receivers with an outlook on their performance and suitability for varied geodetic purposes. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the positioning performance of single and double-frequency GNSS receivers in combination with geodetic antennas in static relative mode regarding Mexican regulations. The recorded observations were processed by a static relative method including the CORS station from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography in Mexico (INEGI). The results of the survey conducted at a distance of 4 and 33 km from CORS station show similar accuracy for all low-cost receivers. For low-cost GNSS receivers NEO-M8T, NEO-6T, and ZED-F9P the solutions that were obtained reached mm in horizontal precision using a geodetic grade antenna. Similarly, the ZED-F9P model was proved at a long distance from the CORS station and presents high precision. Regarding the vertical component, in all cases where the GGM10 model was included, the vertical component is not allowed to use for topography or geodetic works, however, the horizontal component where mm precision was achieved is allowed for different highly precision survey works.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.geodetski-vestnik.com/en/clanek/10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2023.02.235-248Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0351-0271Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1581-1328Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/f8dbc0a7f7f74d868a0979d7ae27846bTest

المؤلفون: Mengmeng Chen, Lewen Zhao, Wei Zhai, Yifei Lv, Shuanggen Jin

المصدر: Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 8, p 1434 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Precise Point Positioning, ambiguity resolution, low-cost receivers, Science

الوصف: Precise Point Positioning (PPP), coupled with the ambiguity resolution (AR) method, has demonstrated substantial potential in fields like agricultural navigation and airborne mapping. However, there remains a notable deficiency in the comprehensive comparative evaluation of its performance when using rapid and real-time satellite products, especially for mass low-cost receivers. Stations equipped with geodetic and low-cost receivers are analyzed in kinematic and static mode. In the kinematic mode, the GPS+Galileo-combined PPP, employing ambiguity fixing with “WHU” rapid products, achieves the highest positioning accuracy of 0.9 cm, 0.9 cm, and 2.6 cm in the North, East, and Up components, respectively. Real-time PPP using “CNT” products attains accuracies of 2.1 cm, 2.7 cm, and 4.8 cm for these components, utilizing GPS ambiguity-fixed PPP. BDS positioning accuracy is inferior to standalone GPS, but improves when the number of visible BDS satellites exceeds 10. Convergence time analysis shows that approximately 38.2 min are required for single GPS or BDS PPP using the “WHU” products and geodetic receivers, which can be reduced to 18.5 min for dual-system combinations and further to 14.8 min for triple-system combinations. The time can be further reduced by ambiguity fixing. In the static mode, multi-GNSS combination does not significantly impact convergence times, which are more influenced by the precision of the products used. Real-time products require approximately 22 min to achieve horizontal accuracy below 0.1 m, while rapid products reach this accuracy within 10 min. For PPP using low-cost GNSS receivers, more than two hours are necessary to achieve an accuracy better than 0.1 m for kinematic PPP, which is considerably longer than the convergence time observed at MGEX stations. However, the accuracy achieved after convergence, as well as the performance of static PPP, is comparable to that of MGEX stations.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/8/1434Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/fa1f59ccbd044c41bf22149123f9b666Test

المؤلفون: Marut, Grzegorz, Biczel, Emilia

مصطلحات موضوعية: nízkonákladové přijímače, levné antény, GNSS, low-cost receivers, PCO, low-cost antennas

الوصف: Technologie globálních navigačních satelitních systémů (GNSS) je vhodná pro monitorování staveb i přírodních a antropogenních rizik díky své vysoké přesnosti. Používání sítí GNSS přijímačů je stále nákladným a snadno zranitelným přístupem, ale protože levné přijímače a antény se staly dostupné, náklady na použití této technologie se významně snížily. To umožnilo ekonomicky oprávněný růst aplikací, včetně určování polohy, navigace a monitoringu. Při omezení výběru vícepásmových a multiGNSS přijímačů na několik nejrozšířenějších, jako je u-blox nebo Skytraq, se současně zvětšila nabídka levných antén, což umožňuje zlepšení dosahovaných výsledků. V rámci této práce jsme realizovali 2 x 7 pole GNSS antén a přijímačů v okolí IGS stanice WROC, kde jsme použili šest párů nízkonákladových a dvě geodetické kvalitní antény. To umožnilo provádět relativní polohování na krátkých vektorech mezi anténami. Z naměřených dat pak bylo možné vypočítat rozdíly poloh fázových center (PCO) pro všechny antény. Také bylo provedeno porovnání výsledků před a po použití určených PCO pro určení míry zlepšení. Nakonec jsme zkoumali vliv levných GNSS antén na následující aspekty: počet vyhodnocovaných signálů a frekvencí, odstup signálu od šumu, hodnoty multipath a souřadnic při opakovaném denním absolutním statickém polohování a hodinovém v relativním režimu. ; Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology is appropriate for monitoring structures, and natural and anthropogenic hazards thanks to its high accuracy. Networks of GNSS receivers remain a costly and easily damaged approach, but since low-cost receivers and antennas have become available on the market the price of using this technology has dropped noticeably. This allowed economically justified growing of applications, including positioning, navigation and monitoring. Despite the limitation of choice multi-band and multi-GNSS receivers to few most popular like u-blox or Skytraq at the same time market of low-cost antennas has significantly improved allowing improving of ...

وصف الملف: text; application/pdf

العلاقة: Družicové metody v geodézii a katastru 2023; http://geodesy.fce.vutbr.cz/konference/gnss-seminarTest/; Družicové metody v geodézii a katastru 2023, s. 60. ISBN 978-80-86433-81-3.; http://hdl.handle.net/11012/214107Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.13164/seminargnss.2023.60Test
http://hdl.handle.net/11012/214107Test

المؤلفون: Veton Hamza, Bojan Stopar, Oskar Sterle, Polona Pavlovčič-Prešeren

المصدر: Remote Sensing; Volume 15; Issue 9; Pages: 2287

مصطلحات موضوعية: GNSS, monitoring, low-cost receivers, low-cost antennas, landslides

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: The development of low-cost dual-frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers in recent years has enabled the use of these devices in numerous applications. In the monitoring of natural hazards, such as landslides, these devices can be considered suitable sensors. In this work, dual-frequency GNSS receivers and antennas were used for setting up near-real-time continuous low-cost GNSS monitoring systems (LGMSs) under field conditions. The SimpleRTK2B board, which integrates the u-blox ZED-F9P dual-frequency GNSS chip and the survey-calibrated GNSS antenna are the main components of the GNSS system. The LGMS was installed and tested for six months in the Laze landslide located in the northwestern part of Slovenia. A total of four GNSS systems were deployed, three of which were located in pillars in the landslide itself and one in a stable area. Open-source software was used to postprocess the acquired data, providing daily coordinates in static relative and precise point positioning (PPP) positioning modes. The results of six months of near-real-time monitoring showed that the Laze landslide was stable during this period, with only minor changes in the vertical component. The trend of decreasing ellipsoid height was evident at all stations, although it was in the range of a few millimeters. To validate the results in static relative positioning mode, the coordinate differences between low-cost and high-end geodetic GNSS instruments were estimated and found to be in the range of 5 mm or less, while the difference between horizontal and spatial positions was less than 7 mm for all stations. The same data were processed in PPP, vertical displacements were not detected as in the static relative positioning mode due to the lower accuracy of the method itself. Considering the six-month performance of a low-cost GNSS system under field conditions, it can be emphasized that these devices are capable of performing near real-time continuous monitoring of slow movements with high accuracy and decreased ...

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092287Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092287Test

المؤلفون: Veton Hamza, Bojan Stopar, Oskar Sterle, Polona Pavlovčič-Prešeren

المصدر: Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 5; Pages: 2861

مصطلحات موضوعية: GNSS, surveying, low-cost receivers, low-cost antennas

الوصف: Low-cost dual-frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers have recently been tested in various positioning applications. Considering that these sensors can now provide high positioning accuracy at a lower cost, they can be considered an alternative to high-quality geodetic GNSS devices. The main objectives of this work were to analyze the differences between geodetic and low-cost calibrated antennas on the quality of observations from low-cost GNSS receivers and to evaluate the performance of low-cost GNSS devices in urban areas. In this study, a simple RTK2B V1 board u-blox ZED-F9P (Thalwil, Switzerland) was tested in combination with a low-cost calibrated and geodetic antenna in open-sky and adverse conditions in urban areas, while a high-quality geodetic GNSS device was used as a reference for comparison. The results of the observation quality check show that low-cost GNSS instruments have a lower carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0) than geodetic instruments, especially in the urban areas where the difference is larger and in favor of the geodetic GNSS instruments. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the multipath error in the open sky is twice as high for low-cost as for geodetic instruments, while this difference is up to four times greater in urban areas. The use of a geodetic GNSS antenna does not show a significant improvement in the C/N0 and multipath of low-cost GNSS receivers. However, the ambiguity fix ratio is larger when geodetic antennas are used, with a difference of 1.5% and 18.4% for the open-sky and urban conditions, respectively. It should be noted that float solutions may become more evident when low-cost equipment is used, especially for short sessions and in urban areas with more multipath. In relative positioning mode, low-cost GNSS devices were able to provide horizontal accuracy lower than 10 mm in urban areas in 85% of sessions, while the vertical and spatial accuracy was lower than 15 mm in 82.5% and 77.5% of the sessions, respectively. In the open sky, low-cost GNSS ...

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Remote Sensors; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052861Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052861Test

المؤلفون: Lavinia Tunini, David Zuliani, Andrea Magrin

المصدر: Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 1; Pages: 350

مصطلحات موضوعية: GNSS, low-cost receivers, cost-effective sensors, crustal deformation, GAMIT-GLOBK

الوصف: The geodetic monitoring of the continuous crustal deformation in a particular region has traditionally been the prerogative of the scientific communities capable of affording high-price geodetic-class instruments to track the tiny movements of tectonic plates without losing precision. However, GNSS technology has been continuously and rapidly growing, and in the last years, new cost-efficient instruments have entered the mass market, gaining the attention of the scientific community for potentially being high-performing alternative solutions. In this study, we match in parallel a dual-frequency low-cost receiver with two high-price geodetic instruments, all connected to the same geodetic antenna. We select North-East Italy as testing area, and we process the data together with the observations coming from a network of GNSS permanent stations operating in this region. We show that mm-order precision can be achieved by cost-effective GNSS receivers, while the results in terms of time series are largely comparable to those obtained using high-price geodetic receivers.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Navigation and Positioning; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010350Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010350Test

المؤلفون: Rosendo Romero-Andrade, Manuel E. Trejo-Soto, Alejandro Vega-Ayala, Daniel Hernández-Andrade, Jesús R. Vázquez-Ontiveros, Gopal Sharma

المصدر: Applied Sciences; Volume 11; Issue 22; Pages: 10642

مصطلحات موضوعية: Precise Point Positioning, static relative, urban areas, GNSS, low-cost receivers

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: A positional accuracy obtained by the Precise Point Positioning and static relative methods was compared and analyzed. Test data was collected using low-cost GNSS receivers of single- and dual-frequency in urban areas. The data was analyzed for quality using the TEQC program to determine the degree of affectation of the signal in the urban area. Low-cost GNSS receivers were found to be sensitive to the multipath effect, which impacts positioning. The horizontal and vertical accuracy was evaluated with respect to Mexican regulations for the GNSS establishment criteria. Probable Error Circle (CEP) and Vertical Positioning Accuracy (EPV) were performed on low cost GNSS receiver observation data. The results show that low-cost dual-frequency GNSS receivers can be used in urban areas. The precision was obtained in the order of 0.013 m in the static relative method. The results obtained are comparable to a geodetic receiver in a geodetic baseline of <20 km. The study does not recommend using single and dual frequencies low cost GNSS receivers based on results obtained by the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method in urban areas. The inclusion of the GGM10 model reduces the vertical precision obtained by using low cost GNSS receivers in both methods, conforming to the regulations only in the horizontal component.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Earth Sciences and Geography; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210642Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210642Test

المؤلفون: Veton Hamza, Bojan Stopar, Tomaž Ambrožič, Oskar Sterle

المصدر: Applied Sciences; Volume 11; Issue 14; Pages: 6666

مصطلحات موضوعية: GNSS, displacements, low-cost receivers, low-cost antennas, sessions

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are currently used in various engineering applications. These low-cost devices are regarded as suitable sensors for applications in areas with a high risk of instrument damage. The main objectives of this research were to identify the size of displacements that can be detected in relative and absolute positioning modes by low-cost GNSS instruments and to compare the results of selected antennas. Additionally, geodetic and low-cost GNSS instruments were compared in the level of observations. For this study, low-cost SimpleRTK2B V1 boards, which house ZED-F9P GNSS chips, and three low-cost antennas, namely, Survey, Tallysman TW3882, and Survey Calibrated, were selected. While antenna calibration parameters are known for the last antenna, this is not the case for the first two. For testing purposes, a geodetic network consisting of four points was established; horizontal and vertical movements were imposed by a special mechanism with high accuracy. In relative positioning mode, the results indicate that the Survey Calibrated antenna can detect horizontal and vertical displacements with sizes of 4 mm, and 6 mm, respectively. In the detection of horizontal displacements, the performance of the Survey antenna was not as good as that of Tallysman, and the sizes of detected displacements were 6 mm and 4 mm for the first, and second antennas, respectively. Vertical displacements of 9 mm were detected using both Survey and Tallysman antennas. In absolute positioning mode, Survey Calibrated also had better performance than the Tallysman antenna, and spatial displacements of 20 mm or greater were detected by low-cost GNSS instruments. The observations made with low-cost and geodetic GNSS instruments were compared, and the latter showed better performance. However, the differences in cycle slips and the noise of phase observations were inferior. Considering their cost and proven performance, it can be concluded that such sensors can be considered for setting up a ...

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Earth Sciences and Geography; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146666Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146666Test