المؤلفون: Azam M. W., Zarrilli R., Khan A. U.

المساهمون: Azam, M. W., Zarrilli, R., Khan, A. U.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Enterobacterale, multidrug-resistance, virulence

الوصف: The Enterobacterales order is a massive group of Gram-negative bacteria comprised of pathogenic and nonpathogenic members, including beneficial commensal gut microbiota. The pathogenic members produce several pathogenic or virulence factors that enhance their pathogenic properties and increase the severity of the infection. The members of Enterobacterales can also develop resistance against the common antimicrobial agents, a phenomenon called antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Many pathogenic Enterobacterales members are known to possess antimicrobial resistance. This review discusses the virulence factors, pathogenicity, and infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, especially E. coli and some other bacterial species sharing similarities with the Enterobacterales members. We also discuss both conventional and modern approaches used to combat the infections caused by them. Understanding the virulence factors produced by the pathogenic bacteria will help develop novel strategies and methods to treat infections caused by them.

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:001056823200001; volume:11; issue:8; firstpage:1; lastpage:19; numberofpages:19; journal:MICROORGANISMS; https://hdl.handle.net/11588/949819Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85168911014

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11081901Test
https://hdl.handle.net/11588/949819Test

المؤلفون: Piscon B., Esposito E. P., Fichtman B., Samburski G., Efremushkin L., Amselem S., Harel A., Rahav G., Zarrilli R., Gal-Mor O.

المساهمون: Piscon, B., Esposito, E. P., Fichtman, B., Samburski, G., Efremushkin, L., Amselem, S., Harel, A., Rahav, G., Zarrilli, R., Gal-Mor, O.

مصطلحات موضوعية: conjugation, conjugative pili, environmental cue, Gram-negative bacteria, HGT, microgravity, outer space, plasmid, T4SS, tra genes

الوصف: Bacterial conjugation is one of the most abundant horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanisms, playing a fundamental role in prokaryote evolution. A better understanding of bacterial conjugation and its cross talk with the environment is needed for a more complete understanding of HGT mechanisms and to fight the dissemination of malicious genes between bacteria. Here, we studied the effect of outer space, microgravity, and additional key environmental cues on transfer (tra) gene expression and conjugation efficiency, using the under studied broad-host range plasmid pN3, as a model. High resolution scanning electron microscopy revealed the morphology of the pN3 conjugative pili and mating pair formation during conjugation. Using a nanosatellite carrying a miniaturized lab, we studied pN3 conjugation in outer space, and used qRT-PCR, Western blotting and mating assays to determine the effect of ground physicochemical parameters on tra gene expression and conjugation. We showed for the first time that bacterial conjugation can occur in outer space and on the ground, under microgravity-simulated conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that microgravity, liquid media, elevated temperature, nutrient depletion, high osmolarity and low oxygen significantly reduce pN3 conjugation. Interestingly, under some of these conditions we observed an inverse correlation between tra gene transcription and conjugation frequency and found that induction of at least traK and traL can negatively affect pN3 conjugation frequency in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these results uncover pN3 regulation by various environmental cues and highlight the diversity of conjugation systems and the different ways in which they may be regulated in response to abiotic signals. IMPORTANCE Bacterial conjugation is a highly ubiquitous and promiscuous process, by which a donor bacterium transfers a large portion of genetic material to a recipient cell. This mechanism of horizontal gene transfer plays an important role in bacterial evolution and in ...

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000960683000001; volume:11; issue:3; firstpage:1; lastpage:17; numberofpages:17; journal:MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM; https://hdl.handle.net/11588/950070Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85163790724

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03688-22Test
https://hdl.handle.net/11588/950070Test

المؤلفون: Zarrilli R., Giani T., Bonnin R. A.

المساهمون: Zarrilli, R., Giani, T., Bonnin, R. A.

الوصف: Antimicrobial resistance and multidrug-resistant organisms currently constitute a severe public health problem [.].

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000960456300001; volume:11; issue:3; firstpage:1; lastpage:2; numberofpages:2; journal:MICROORGANISMS; https://hdl.handle.net/11588/949914Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85151394608

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030579Test
https://hdl.handle.net/11588/949914Test

المؤلفون: Karruli A., Migliaccio A., Pournaras S., Durante-Mangoni E., Zarrilli R.

المساهمون: Karruli, A., Migliaccio, A., Pournaras, S., Durante-Mangoni, E., Zarrilli, R.

مصطلحات موضوعية: antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial therapy, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, cefiderocol, mechanisms of resistance, sulbactam-durlobactam

الوصف: Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) remain a clinical challenge due to limited treatment options. Recently, cefiderocol, a novel siderophore cephalosporin, and sulbactam-durlobactam, a bactericidal β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combination, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of A. baumannii infections. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action of and resistance to cefiderocol and sulbactam-durlobactam, the antimicrobial susceptibility of A. baumannii isolates to these drugs, as well as the clinical effectiveness of cefiderocol and sulbactam/durlobactam-based regimens against CRAB. Overall, cefiderocol and sulbactam-durlobactam show an excellent antimicrobial activity against CRAB. The review of clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of cefiderocol therapy against CRAB indicates it is non-inferior to colistin/other treatments for CRAB infections, with a better safety profile. Combination treatment is not associated with improved outcomes compared to monotherapy. Higher mortality rates are often associated with prior patient comorbidities and the severity of the underlying infection. Regarding sulbactam-durlobactam, current data from the pivotal clinical trial and case reports suggest this antibiotic combination could be a valuable option in critically ill patients affected by CRAB infections, in particular where no other antibiotic appears to be effective.

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:001132234100001; volume:12; issue:12; firstpage:1; lastpage:19; numberofpages:19; journal:ANTIBIOTICS; https://hdl.handle.net/11588/950082Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85180439634

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121729Test
https://hdl.handle.net/11588/950082Test

المؤلفون: Migliaccio, A, Bray, J, Intoccia, M, Stabile, M, Scala, G, Jolley, K, Brisse, S, Zarrilli, R

الوصف: Introduction: Non-baumannii Acinetobacter species are increasingly isolated in the clinical setting and the environment. The aim of the present study was to analyze a genome database of 837 Acinetobacter spp. isolates, which included 798 non-baumannii Acinetobacter genomes, in order to define the concordance of classification and discriminatory power of 7-gene MLST, 53-gene MLST, and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) phylogenies. Methods: Phylogenies were performed on Pasteur Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) or ribosomal Multilocus Sequence Typing (rMLST) concatenated alleles, or SNPs extracted from core genome alignment. Results: The Pasteur MLST scheme was able to identify and genotype 72 species in the Acinetobacter genus, with classification results concordant with the ribosomal MLST scheme. The discriminatory power and genotyping reliability of the Pasteur MLST scheme were assessed in comparison to genome-wide SNP phylogeny on 535 non-baumannii Acinetobacter genomes assigned to Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Acinetobacter seifertii, and Acinetobacter lactucae (heterotypic synonym of Acinetobacter dijkshoorniae), which were the most clinically relevant non-baumannii species of the A. baumannii group. The Pasteur MLST and SNP phylogenies were congruent at Robinson-Fould and Matching cluster tests and grouped genomes into four and three clusters in A. pittii, respectively, and one each in A. seifertii. Furthermore, A. lactucae genomes were grouped into one cluster within A. pittii genomes. The SNP phylogeny of A. nosocomialis genomes showed a heterogeneous population and did not correspond to the Pasteur MLST phylogeny, which identified two recombinant clusters. The antimicrobial resistance genes belonging to at least three different antimicrobial classes were identified in 91 isolates assigned to 17 distinct species in the Acinetobacter genus. Moreover, the presence of a class D oxacillinase, which is a naturally occurring enzyme in several Acinetobacter species, was found in 503 ...

العلاقة: https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c1bf0a1c-88e7-447f-ae63-34a83567025dTest; https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264030Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264030Test
https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c1bf0a1c-88e7-447f-ae63-34a83567025dTest

المؤلفون: Migliaccio A., Esposito E. P., Bagattini M., Berisio R., Triassi M., De Gregorio E., Zarrilli R.

المساهمون: Migliaccio, A., Esposito, E. P., Bagattini, M., Berisio, R., Triassi, M., De Gregorio, E., Zarrilli, R.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Acinetobacter baumannii, AdeB, benzalkonium, biofilm growth, chlorhexidine susceptibility, efflux pump, piperine, resveratrol

الوصف: The management of infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii is hindered by its intrinsic tolerance to a wide variety of biocides. The aim of the study was to analyze the role of different A. baumannii efflux pumps (EPs) in tolerance to chlorhexidine (CHX) and benzalkonium (BZK) and identify non-toxic compounds, which can restore susceptibility to CHX and BZK in A. baumannii. A. baumannii ATCC 19606 strain was tolerant to both CHX and BZK with MIC and MBC value of 32 mg/L. CHX subMIC concentrations increased the expression of adeB and adeJ (RND superfamily), aceI (PACE family) and amvA (MFS superfamily) EP genes. The values of CHX MIC and MBC decreased by eightfold in ΔadeB and twofold in ΔamvA or ΔaceI mutants, respectively, while not affected in ΔadeJ mutant; EPs double and triple deletion mutants showed an additive effect on CHX MIC. CHX susceptibility was restored in double and triple deletion mutants with inactivation of adeB gene. BZK MIC was decreased by fourfold in ΔadeB mutant, and twofold in ΔamvA and ΔaceI mutants, respectively; EPs double and triple deletion mutants showed an additive effect on BZK MIC. BZK susceptibility was recovered in ΔadeB ΔaceI ΔadeJ and ΔamvA ΔadeB ΔadeJ triple mutants. The structural comparison of AdeB and AdeJ protomers showed a more negatively charged entrance binding site and F-loop in AdeB, which may favor the transport of CHX. The carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazine protonophore (CCCP) EP inhibitor reduced dose-dependently CHX MIC in A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and in ΔadeJ, ΔaceI, or ΔamvA mutants, but not in ΔadeB mutant. Either piperine (PIP) or resveratrol (RV) at non-toxic concentrations inhibited CHX MIC in A. baumannii ATCC 19606 parental strain and EPs gene deletion mutants, and CHX-induced EP gene expression. Also, RV inhibited BZK MIC and EP genes expression in A. baumannii ATCC 19606 parental strain and EPs mutants. These results demonstrate that tolerance to CHX and BZK in A. baumannii is mediated by the activation of AdeB, AceI and AmvA EPs, AdeB playing ...

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000760705800001; volume:12; issue:790263; firstpage:1; lastpage:13; numberofpages:13; journal:FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY; http://hdl.handle.net/11588/876211Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85124990675

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.790263Test
http://hdl.handle.net/11588/876211Test

المؤلفون: Pournaras S., Zarrilli R., Higgins P. G., Tsioutis C.

المساهمون: Pournaras, S., Zarrilli, R., Higgins, P. G., Tsioutis, C.

مصطلحات موضوعية: carbapenem-resistance, healthcare-associated infection, infection control, metallo-β-lactamase, serine carbapenemase

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000717090500001; volume:8; issue:775021; firstpage:1; lastpage:3; numberofpages:3; journal:FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE; http://hdl.handle.net/11588/865348Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85118752286

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.775021Test
http://hdl.handle.net/11588/865348Test

المؤلفون: Karruli A., de Cristofaro J., Andini R., Iossa D., Bernardo M., Amarelli C., Mattucci I., Zampino R., Zarrilli R., Durante-Mangoni E.

المساهمون: Karruli, A., de Cristofaro, J., Andini, R., Iossa, D., Bernardo, M., Amarelli, C., Mattucci, I., Zampino, R., Zarrilli, R., Durante-Mangoni, E.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Heart transplant, Hospitalization, Infection, MDR, Outcome, Risk factor, XDR

الوصف: (1) Background: The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for multidrug-resistant/ext-ensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) bacterial infections in heart transplant (HT) patients within three months after surgery and its impact on patient outcome. (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical, hemato-chemical, imaging, treatment and outcome data from 47 heart transplant recipients from January 2016 to December 2018. MDR/XDR infections were compared to non-MDR/XDR and noninfected patients. (3) Results: Most participants were males, median age 51 years: 35 (74.5%) developed an infection after HT; 14 (29.8%) were MDR/XDR infections. Prolonged hospital stay before HT correlated to MDR/XDR infection (p < 0.001). Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at sampling day was higher in MDR/XDR (p = 0.027). MDR/XDR were mostly blood-stream (BSI) (p = 0.043) and skin-soft tissue (SSTI) (p = 0.047) infections. Gram-negative infections were the most frequent, specifically carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotic therapy duration for MDR/XDR infections was longer (p = 0.057), eradication rate lower (p = 0.083) and hospital stay longer (p = 0.005) but not associated with a worse outcome. (4) Conclusions: MDR/XDR infections affect compromised HT recipients with a history of prolonged hospitalization, causing a lower rate of eradication and increased hospital stay. These frequently present as BSI and SSTI. We emphasize the need to prevent contamination of central venous catheters and the surgical site.

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000666267000001; volume:9; issue:1210; firstpage:1; lastpage:13; numberofpages:13; journal:MICROORGANISMS; http://hdl.handle.net/11588/865346Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85107220352

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061210Test
http://hdl.handle.net/11588/865346Test

المؤلفون: Esposito A., Migliaccio A., Iula V. D., Zarrilli R., Guaragna A., De Gregorio E.

المساهمون: Esposito, A., Migliaccio, A., Iula, V. D., Zarrilli, R., Guaragna, A., De Gregorio, E.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Anti-biofilm agent, Antifungal agent, Candida spp, Glucocorticoid

الوصف: Invasive Candida infections have become a global public health problem due to the increase of Candida species resistant against antifungal therapeutics. The glucocorticoid PYED-1 (pregnadiene-11-hydroxy-16α,17α-epoxy-3,20-dione-1) has antimicrobial activity against various bacterial taxa. Consequently, it might be considered for the treatment of Candida infections. The antifungal activity of PYED-1 was evaluated against several fungal strains that were representative of the five species that causes the majority of Candida infections—namely, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis and Candida krusei. PYED-1 exhibited a weak antifungal activity and a fungistatic effect on all five Candida species. On the other hand, PYED-1 exhibited a good antibiofilm activity, and was able to eradicate the preformed biofilms of all Candida species analyzed. Moreover, PYED-1 inhibited germ tube and hyphae formation of C. albicans and reduced adhesion of C. albicans to abiotic surfaces by up to 30%.

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000727684000001; volume:10; issue:11; firstpage:1396; numberofpages:9; journal:ANTIBIOTICS; http://hdl.handle.net/11588/863605Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85119627745

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10111396Test
http://hdl.handle.net/11588/863605Test

المؤلفون: Minarini L. A. D. R., Andrade L. N. D., De Gregorio E., Grosso F., Naas T., Zarrilli R., Camargo I. L. B. C.

المساهمون: Minarini, L. A. D. R., Andrade, L. N. D., De Gregorio, E., Grosso, F., Naas, T., Zarrilli, R., Camargo, I. L. B. C.

مصطلحات موضوعية: antibiotic-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella, antimicrobial resistance, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, colistin-resistant E. coli, CRISPR-Ca, MRSA, oxazolidinone-resistant Enterococcus faecali, VRE

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000592194800001; volume:8; firstpage:612844; journal:FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH; http://hdl.handle.net/11588/830239Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85096706086; https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2020.612844Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.612844Test
http://hdl.handle.net/11588/830239Test