المؤلفون: Motoko Watanabe, Chihiro Takao, Chizuko Maeda, Gayatri Nayanar, Risa Tominaga, Yasuyuki Kimura, Trang Thi Huyen Tu, Takahiko Nagamine, Akira Toyofuku

المصدر: Neuropsychopharmacology Reports, Vol 44, Iss 2, Pp 464-467 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: amitriptyline, burning mouth syndrome, clonazepam, dopamine, perospirone, serotonin, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571

الوصف: Abstract Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by burning sensations in the oral region without corresponding abnormalities and is often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. Herein, we present cases of BMS in which the remaining uncomfortable sensations improved with perospirone augmentation with clonazepam. Case 1: A 61‐year‐old man complained of a burning pain in his tongue, a sensation of dryness and discomfort as if his tongue was sticking to a palatal plate. With the diagnosis of BMS, psychopharmacotherapy was initiated with amitriptyline. At the dose of amitriptyline 50 mg, the pain lessened but uncomfortable sensations persisted. Further attempts to alleviate symptoms by combining aripiprazole with amitriptyline, aripiprazole with mirtazapine, or aripiprazole with clonazepam were limited; however, nearly all symptoms were relieved by a combination of perospirone 8.0 mg with clonazepam 1.5 mg. Case 2: A 51‐year‐old woman complained of a burning sensation along with oral dryness and crumb‐like feeling on her tongue. She was diagnosed with BMS and began treatment with amitriptyline. Her burning sensation improved at the dose of 25 mg, but uncomfortable sensations persisted. Augmentation of amitriptyline with aripiprazole, aripiprazole either with valproate, mirtazapine, or clonazepam failed to produce a significant improvement. However, a regimen of perospirone 6.0 mg and clonazepam 1.5 mg relieved the crumb‐like sensation and pain and culminated in a stabilized condition. The reported cases suggested that multiple approaches targeting the dopaminergic circuit in basal ganglia involving the serotoninergic and GABA systems, through the administration of perospirone with clonazepam is an effective adjunctive treatment for the remaining uncomfortable sensations in patients with BMS.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2574-173XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/4f18647d76ed4f679024b2d811adc10bTest

المؤلفون: Takashi Nihashi, Keita Sakurai, Takashi Kato, Yasuyuki Kimura, Kengo Ito, Akinori Nakamura, Teruhiko Terasawa

المصدر: Diagnostic and Prognostic Research, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Alzheimer’s disease, Biomarker, Dementia, Meta-analysis, Mild cognitive impairment, Prediction, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Abstract Background There is urgent clinical need to identify reliable prognostic biomarkers that predict the progression of dementia symptoms in individuals with early-phase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) especially given the research on and predicted applications of amyloid-beta (Aβ)-directed immunotherapies to remove Aβ from the brain. Cross-sectional studies have reported higher levels of cerebrospinal fluid and blood glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in individuals with AD-associated dementia than in cognitively unimpaired individuals. Further, recent longitudinal studies have assessed the prognostic potential of baseline blood GFAP levels as a predictor of future cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired individuals and in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we propose analyzing longitudinal studies on blood GFAP levels to predict future cognitive decline. Methods This study will include prospective and retrospective cohort studies that assessed blood GFAP levels as a prognostic factor and any prediction models that incorporated blood GFAP levels in cognitively unimpaired individuals or those with MCI. The primary outcome will be conversion to MCI or AD in cognitively unimpaired individuals or conversion to AD in individuals with MCI. Articles from PubMed and Embase will be extracted up to December 31, 2023, without language restrictions. An independent dual screening of abstracts and potentially eligible full-text reports will be conducted. Data will be dual-extracted using the CHeck list for critical appraisal, data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modeling Studies (CHARMS)-prognostic factor, and CHARMS checklists, and we will dual-rate the risk of bias and applicability using the Quality In Prognosis Studies and Prediction Study Risk-of-Bias Assessment tools. We will qualitatively synthesize the study data, participants, index biomarkers, predictive model characteristics, and clinical outcomes. If appropriate, random-effects meta-analyses will be performed to obtain summary estimates. Finally, we will assess the body of evidence using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Approach. Discussion This systematic review and meta-analysis will comprehensively evaluate and synthesize existing evidence on blood GFAP levels for prognosticating presymptomatic individuals and those with MCI to help advance risk-stratified treatment strategies for early-phase AD. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42023481200.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2397-7523Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ac3a08ee49d44ba7be3dbc72eb69c838Test

المؤلفون: Takayuki Sakai, Aya Ogata, Hiroshi Ikenuma, Takashi Yamada, Saori Hattori, Junichiro Abe, Shinichi Imamura, Masanori Ichise, Mari Tada, Akiyoshi Kakita, Hiroko Koyama, Masaaki Suzuki, Takashi Kato, Kengo Ito, Yasuyuki Kimura

المصدر: EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: HSP90, Heat shock protein, Positron emission tomography, Brain, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950

الوصف: Abstract Background Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are present throughout the brain. They function as molecular chaperones, meaning they help with the folding and unfolding of large protein complexes. These chaperones are vital in the development of neuropathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body disease, with HSP90, a specific subtype of HSP, playing a key role. Many studies have shown that drugs that inhibit HSP90 activity have beneficial effects in the neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, HSP90 PET imaging ligand can be used effectively to study HSP90 in neurodegenerative diseases. Among four HSP90 isoforms, two cytosolic isoforms (HSP90α and HSP90β) thought to be involved in the structural homeostasis of the proteins related to the neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, no useful PET imaging ligands selectively targeting the two cytosolic isoforms of HSP90 have been available yet. Results In this study, we developed a novel positron emission tomography (PET) imaging ligand, [11C]BIIB021, by 11C-radiolabeling (a positron emitter with a half-life of 20.4 min) 6-Chloro-9-[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]-9H-purin-2-amine (BIIB021), an inhibitor with a high affinity for and selectivity to HSP90α and HSP90β. [11C]BIIB021 was synthesized with a high yield, molar activity and radiochemical purity. [11C]BIIB021 showed a high binding affinity for rat brain homogenate as well as human recombinant HSP90α and HSP90β proteins. Radioactivity was well detected in the rat brain (SUV 1.4). It showed clear specific binding in PET imaging of healthy rats and autoradiography of healthy rat and human brain sections. Radiometabolite was detected in the brain, however, total distribution volume was well quantified using dual-input graphical model. Inhibition of p-glycoprotein increased brain radioactivity concentrations. However, total distribution volume values with and without p-glycoprotein inhibition were nearly the same. Conclusions We have developed a new PET imaging agent, [11C]BIIB021, specifically targeting HSP90α/β. We have been successful in synthesizing [11C]BIIB021 and in vitro and in vivo imaging HSP90α/β. However, the quantification of HSP90α/β is complicated by the presence of radiometabolites in the brain and the potential to be a substrate for p-glycoprotein. Further efforts are needed to develop radioligand suitable for imaging of HSP90α/β.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2365-421XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/7e5c56ae5ca04ac88d65512c7d7c7460Test

المؤلفون: Fumihiko Yasuno, Yasuyuki Kimura, Aya Ogata, Hiroshi Ikenuma, Junichiro Abe, Hiroyuki Minami, Takashi Nihashi, Kastunori Yokoi, Saori Hattori, Nobuyoshi Shimoda, Atsushi Watanabe, Kensaku Kasuga, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Akinori Takeda, Takashi Sakurai, Kengo Ito, Takashi Kato

المصدر: Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health, Vol 38, Iss , Pp 100795- (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Alzheimer's disease, Positron emission tomography (PET), Inflammation, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Anxiety, amygdala, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571

الوصف: Background: Positron emission tomography, which assesses the binding of translocator protein radiotracers, 11C-DPA-713, may be a sensitive method for determining glial-mediated neuroinflammation levels. This study investigated the relationship between regional 11C-DPA713 binding potential (BPND) and anxiety in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. Methods: Nineteen patients with AD continuum determined to be amyloid-/p-tau 181-positive via cerebrospinal fluid analysis were included in this cross-sectional study (mild cognitive impairment [MCI, n = 5] and AD [n = 14]). Anxiety was evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). A whole-brain voxel-based analysis was performed to examine the relationship between 11C-DPA-713-BPND values at each voxel and the STAI score. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of STAI scores using independent variables, including 11C-DPA-713-BPND values within significant clusters. 11C-DPA-713-BPND values were compared between patients with AD continuum with low-to-moderate and high STAI scores. Results: Voxel-based analysis revealed a positive correlation between trait anxiety severity and 11C-DPA713-BPND values in the centromedial amygdala and the left inferior occipital area [P

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354624000735Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2666-3546Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/63591186049c4e31b0fae6bfd1a53d77Test

المؤلفون: Hiroshi Ikenuma, Aya Ogata, Hiroko Koyama, Bin Ji, Hideki Ishii, Takashi Yamada, Junichiro Abe, Chie Seki, Yuji Nagai, Masanori Ichise, Takafumi Minamimoto, Makoto Higuchi, Ming-Rong Zhang, Takashi Kato, Kengo Ito, Masaaki Suzuki, Yasuyuki Kimura

المصدر: EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Receptor interacting protein kinase 1, Alzheimer’s disease, Positron emission tomography, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950

الوصف: Abstract Background Receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a serine/threonine kinase, which regulates programmed cell death and inflammation. Recently, the involvement of RIPK1 in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been reported; RIPK1 is involved in microglia’s phenotypic transition to their dysfunctional states, and it is highly expressed in the neurons and microglia in the postmortem brains in AD patients. They prompt neurodegeneration leading to accumulations of pathological proteins in AD. Therefore, regulation of RIPK1 could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD, and in vivo imaging of RIPK1 may become a useful modality in studies of drug discovery and pathophysiology of AD. The purpose of this study was to develop a suitable radioligand for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of RIPK1. Results (S)-2,2-dimethyl-1-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-1-one (GSK’963) has a high affinity, selectivity for RIPK1, and favorable physiochemical properties based on its chemical structure. In this study, since 11C-labeling (half-life: 20.4 min) GSK’963 retaining its structure requiring the Grignard reaction of tert-butylmagnesium halides and [11C]carbon dioxide was anticipated to give a low yield, we decided instead to 11C-label a GSK’963 analog ((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1-(5-(m-tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-1-one, GG502), which has a high RIPK1 inhibitory activity equivalent to that of the original compound GSK’963. Thus, we successfully 11C-labeled GG502 using a Pd-mediated cross-coupling reaction in favorable yields (3.6 ± 1.9%) and radiochemical purities (> 96%), and molar activity (47–115 GBq/μmol). On autoradiography, radioactivity accumulation was observed for [11C]GG502 and decreased by non-radioactive GG502 in the mouse spleen and human brain, indicating the possibility of specific binding of this ligand to RIPK1. On brain PET imaging in a rhesus monkey, [11C]GG502 showed a good brain permeability (peak standardized uptake value (SUV) ~3.0), although there was no clear evidence of specific binding of [11C]GG502. On brain PET imaging in acute inflammation model rats, [11C]GG502 also showed a good brain permeability, and no significant increased uptake was observed in the lipopolysaccharide-treated side of striatum. On metabolite analysis in rats at 30 min after administration of [11C]GG502, ~55% and ~10% of radioactivity was from unmetabolized [11C]GG502 in the brain and the plasma, respectively. Conclusions We synthesized and evaluated a 11C-labeled PET ligand based on the methylated analog of GSK’963 for imaging of RIPK1 in the brain. Although in autoradiography of the resulting [11C]GG502 indicated the possibility of specific binding, the actual PET imaging failed to detect any evidence of specific binding to RIPK1 despite its good brain permeability. Further development of radioligands with a higher binding affinity for RIPK1 in vivo and more stable metabolite profiles compared with the current compound may be required.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2365-421XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/cfeab7411ca541868cfb1ec34b86e244Test

المؤلفون: Mitsuhiro Asami, Yasuyuki Kimura, Miho Takenoshita, Risa Tominaga, Chizuko Maeda, Chihiro Takao, Motoko Watanabe, Trang Thi Huyen Tu, Takahiko Nagamine, Akira Toyofuku

المصدر: Journal of Dental Sciences, Vol 18, Iss 4, Pp 1699-1705 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Decayed, Missing, And filled teeth (DMFT), Oral psychosomatic disorders, Psychiatric disorders, Dentistry, RK1-715

الوصف: Background/purpose: Dentists sometimes struggle with treating patients with unexplained symptoms, known as oral psychosomatic disorders, that do not improve with conventional treatment. Oral psychosomatic disorders do not fit the definition of psychosomatic diseases in internal medicine. To ensure appropriate dental treatment, it is important for general dentists to distinguish between oral psychosomatic disorders and psychosomatic diseases. However, relevant evaluation methods have not yet been developed. The DMFT index is widely used as an indicator of the caries status. The purpose of this study was to compare the DMFT index scores of patients with oral psychosomatic. Materials and methods: The DMFT scores of 2202 patients with oral psychosomatic disorders, 145 psychiatric inpatients, and 3940 general dental patients were statistically compared. The DMFT of patients with oral psychosomatic disorders was further compared based on the presence or absence of psychiatric history and disease. Results: The median DMFT scores of oral psychosomatic disorder patients, psychiatric inpatients, and general dental patients were 16, 22, and 10, respectively, showing a significant difference. No significant differences were found in the DMFT scores based on the presence or absence of psychiatric history in oral psychosomatic disorder patients. Conclusion: The intraoral environment of patients with oral psychosomatic disorders was worse than that of general dental patients but better than that of psychiatric inpatients. General dentists could suspect psychiatric and oral psychosomatic disorders based on the state of patients’ oral environment.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790223000053Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1991-7902Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ae06e1f7681c451299747b7c6931fe2cTest

المؤلفون: Takayuki Sakai, Saori Hattori, Aya Ogata, Takashi Yamada, Junichiro Abe, Hiroshi Ikenuma, Masanori Ichise, Masaaki Suzuki, Kengo Ito, Takashi Kato, Yasuyuki Kimura

المصدر: EJNMMI Research, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Noradrenaline, Noradrenaline Transporter, [11C]MRB, DSP-4, Positron emission tomography, Brain, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920

الوصف: Abstract Background The neuropathological changes of early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include neurodegenerative loss of noradrenaline neurons in the locus coeruleus with decreasing noradrenaline availability in their projection areas such as the hippocampus. This diminishing noradrenaline availability is thought to play an important role pathophysiologically in the development of cognitive impairment in AD, because noradrenaline is not only essential for maintaining cognitive functions such as memory, learning and attention, but also its anti-inflammatory action, where its lack is known to accelerate the progression of AD in the mouse model. Therefore, the availability of in vivo biomarkers of the integrity of noradrenaline neurons may be beneficial for furthering our understanding of the role played by the noradrenaline system in the progressive cognitive dysfunction seen in AD patients. In this study, we investigated if PET imaging of noradrenaline transporters can predict the level of noradrenaline in the brain. Our hypothesis was PET measured noradrenaline transporter densities could predict the level of noradrenaline concentrations in the rat hippocampus after lesioning of noradrenaline neurons in this region. Results We chemically lesioned the hippocampus of rats (n = 15) by administering a neurotoxin, DSP-4, in order to selectively damage axonal terminals of noradrenergic neurons. These rats then underwent PET imaging of noradrenaline transporters using [11C]MRB ((S,S)-[11C]Methylreboxetine). To validate our hypothesis, postmortem studies of brain homogenates of these rats were performed to measure both noradrenaline transporter and noradrenaline concentrations. [11C]MRB PET showed decreased noradrenaline transporter densities in a DSP-4 dose-dependent manner in the hippocampus of these rats. In turn, these PET measured noradrenaline transporter densities correlated very well with in vitro measured noradrenaline concentrations as well as in vitro transporter densities. Conclusions [11C]MRB PET may be used as an in vivo biomarker of noradrenaline concentrations in the hippocampus of the neurodegenerating brain. Further studies appear warranted to extend its applicability to AD studies.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2191-219XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/346ec729b0b946fc8cbdb93e87ecc3c2Test

المؤلفون: Motoko Watanabe, Wataru Araki, Chihiro Takao, Chizuko Maeda, Risa Tominaga, Yasuyuki Kimura, Gayatri Nayanar, Trang Thi Huyen Tu, Takashi Asada, Akira Toyofuku

المصدر: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 14 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: burning mouth syndrome, dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, elderly patient, cognitive decline, hallucination, Psychiatry, RC435-571

الوصف: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by persistent oral burning sensations without corresponding organic findings. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common type of dementia and generally presents visual hallucination and parkinsonism as motor dysfunction besides cognitive decline. In this case report, we present a case in which DLB emerged during the treatment for BMS, with a relatively positive outcome for BMS. A 74 years-old female complained of burning pain in her mouth and a subsequent decrease in food intake. Following a diagnosis of BMS, pharmacotherapy was initiated. BMS was much improved with mirtazapine 15 mg and aripiprazole 1.0 mg, leading to the restoration of her food intake by day 180. However, BMS flared up again triggered by deteriorating physical condition of herself and that of her husband. With aripiprazole 1.5 mg and amitriptyline 25 mg, her BMS gradually improved by day 482. However, by day 510, an increase in anxiety was noted, accompanied by the occasionally misidentification of her husband on day 566. Her cognitive impairment and disorientation were also reported by her husband on the day 572, she was then immediately referred to a neurologist specialized dementia and diagnosed with DLB on the day 583. Her treatment was adjusted to include the prescription of rivastigmine which was titrated up to 9.0 mg. Considering the potential impact of amitriptyline on cognitive function, it was reduced and switched to mirtazapine; however, her oral sensations slightly got worse. Following the consultation with her neurologist, amitriptyline 10 mg was reintroduced and aripiprazole was discontinued on day 755. Remarkably, BMS gradually improved without deteriorating DLB. This case indicated the reaffirmed necessity of careful interviews for changes in daily life not only with the patients but also with their families through the medical assessments. It highlights the vigilance regarding potential cognitive decline underlying or induced as an adverse event especially when treating elderly patients with BMS. While the interaction between BMS and DLB remains unclear, this case underscores the importance of prudent diagnosis and constructing collaboration with specialists in managing BMS with the early phase of DLB.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1329171/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/704576ba3c594df992d4ee94382c9eaaTest

المؤلفون: Keita Saito, Yasuyuki Kimura

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract In this study, the rotation of liquid crystal droplets induced by elliptically polarized laser light was investigated using optical tweezers. The rotation mechanism was analyzed based on the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules within the droplets. The change in the rotation behavior of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) droplets was evaluated by varying the droplet size. The experimental results were analyzed based on the waveplate effect and light-scattering process. The rotation behavior of cholesteric liquid crystal droplets was examined by varying the droplet size and helical pitch, which was controlled by the chiral dopant concentration. The results are discussed in terms of the selective reflection of the incident beam by the helical structure. The dependence of the rotation frequency on the ellipticity of the incident beam was also studied. The main contribution to the rotation gradually changes from light transmission to reflection with increasing chirality of the droplet. An NLC rotator system was constructed using holographic optical tweezers. Such an optically controllable rotator is a typical micro-optomechanical device. Complex flow fields, including multiple vortex and localized shear fields, were realized at the micron scale.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/db7363f5429c411f800c37689b028c7dTest

المؤلفون: Motoko Watanabe, Trang Thi Huyen Tu, Chihiro Takao, Chizuko Maeda, Gayatri Krishnakumar Nayanar, Risa Tominaga, Yasuyuki Kimura, Miho Takenoshita, Tatsuya Yoshikawa, Koji Sumi, Satoko Sumi, Haruhiko Motomura, Takahiko Nagamine, Akira Toyofuku

المصدر: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 14 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: drug-induced open bite, extrapyramidal symptoms, psychotropic medications, antipsychotic medications, antidepressants, schizophrenia, Psychiatry, RC435-571

الوصف: IntroductionDrug-induced open bite is one of the extrapyramidal symptoms with abnormal tonus of muscles and is rarely recognized in dentistry. This is a retrospective case study to investigate clinical characteristics including detailed complaints in patients with drug-induced open bite.MethodsOf the outpatients who first visited the psychosomatic dental clinic at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between September 2013 and September 2022, the patients diagnosed with drug-induced open bite were involved in this study. The clinical characteristics including sex, age, detailed complaints, duration of illness, abnormal findings, psychotropic medications, and other medications that were taken at the first examination, psychiatric comorbidities, the duration of psychiatric diseases, and other medical histories were collected retrospectively by reviewing their medical chart.ResultsDrug-induced open bite was found in 11 patients [women: 7, men: 4, median of age: 49 (36.5, 53) years old]. Difficulty in eating especially chewing was the major complaint (9/11, 81.6%) with the duration of illness as 48.0 (16.5, 66) months. Various degrees of open bite were observed. While some showed no occlusal contact on frontal teeth, some showed occlusal contact only on the second molars; moreover, the jaw showed a horizontal slide in a few patients. Three cases could be followed up for prognosis; while in one case the drug-induced open bite improved with 6 months of follow-up, two cases did not improve, and one showed extrusion of molars. All of them had psychiatric comorbidities with the most common diagnosis being schizophrenia (n = 5) and depression (n = 5) followed by insomnia (n = 1) and autism spectrum disorder (n = 1) including duplicated diagnosis. Nine patients (81.6%) had been undergoing treatment with antipsychotics of which three patients were also taking antidepressants.DiscussionAlthough a drug-induced open bite is a rare symptom, prudent medical interviews about symptoms, psychiatric comorbidities, and psychotropic medication history besides oral assessment are necessary to provide a precise diagnosis and appropriate management in collaboration between dentists and psychiatrists.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1137917/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/bf7d1a9d19d04b6b889d38667b44a844Test