المؤلفون: Lin, Jingen, Chen, Jinbei, Zhang, Jianchao, Liang, Haowen, Li, Juntao, Wang, Xue-Hua

مصطلحات موضوعية: Physics - Optics

الوصف: Flat lenses have shown promising applications in miniaturized and ultracompact lightweight optical systems. However, it has been a great challenge in simultaneously achieving broadband achromatism and high numerical aperture. Here, we demonstrate that this long-term dilemma can be broken through by the zone division multiplex of the meta-atoms on a composite substrate possessing stepwise optical thickness. The aperture size can be freely expanded by increasing the optical thickness difference between the central and marginal zones of the substrate, free from achromatic bandwidth. The achromatic flat lens with both 0.9 numerical aperture and bandwidth of 650-1000 nm is experimentally achieved. A microscopic imaging with 1.1 {\mu}m resolution has also demonstrated. These unprecedented performances mark a substantial step toward practical applications of the flat lenses.

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.17204Test

المؤلفون: Zhang, Huan, Ye, Wei, Xia, Ying, Liao, Zeyang, Wang, Xue-hua

مصطلحات موضوعية: Quantum Physics

الوصف: We investigate the resolution for imaging two pointlike entangled sources by using the method of the moments and the spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE), where the pointlike entangled sources can be generated by injecting single-mode sources with arbitrary quantum statistics distribution into an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). We demonstrate that the separation estimation sensitivity is mainly determined by the photon distribution in each detected modes and it can be enhanced by either increasing the squeezed parameter of the OPA or eliminating the relative phase difference of the entangle sources. Furthermore, in the limiting case of infinitely small source separation, the usage of entangled sources can have better resolution than those using incoherent and coherent sources. The results here can find important applications for the quantum super-resolution imaging and quantum metrology.

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.10238Test

المؤلفون: Xing, Fan, Liao, Zeyang, Wang, Xue-hua

مصطلحات موضوعية: Quantum Physics

الوصف: Quantum light sources play a vital role in various aspects of quantum information science, but on-demand high-efficient generation of arbitrary multiphoton states which can be easily integrated is still challenging. Here, we propose a chip-integrable scheme to deterministically generate a group of n photons with very high fidelity based on the long-range collective interaction between the emitters mediated by the waveguide modes. The n photons are shown to be emitted in a bundle while two successive n-photon bundles tend to be antibunched which can behave as an n-photon gun. Our results here can find important applications in the areas such as photonic-chip-based quantum information processing and quantum metrology.

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.09878Test

المؤلفون: Mengchen Zhang, Yinghou Zeng, Zhuang-nian Fang, Yang-di Wang, Ruo-nan Zhang, Ziyin Ye, Qing-hua Cao, Ren Mao, Canhui Sun, Zhi-hui Chen, Bingsheng Huang, Xue-hua Li

المصدر: Insights into Imaging, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Crohn’s disease, Fibrosis, Radiomics, MR enterography, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920

الوصف: Abstract Objectives We aimed to develop MRI-based radiomic models (RMs) to improve the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists in characterizing intestinal fibrosis in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods This retrospective study included patients with refractory CD who underwent MR before surgery from November 2013 to September 2021. Resected bowel segments were histologically classified as none-mild or moderate-severe fibrosis. RMs based on different MR sequence combinations (RM1: T2WI and enhanced-T1WI; RM2: T2WI, enhanced-T1WI, diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI], and apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]); RM3: T2WI, enhanced-T1WI, DWI, ADC, and magnetization transfer MRI [MTI]), were developed and validated in an independent test cohort. The RMs’ diagnostic performance was compared to that of visual interpretation using identical sequences and a clinical model. Results The final population included 123 patients (81 men, 42 women; mean age: 30.26 ± 7.98 years; training cohort, n = 93; test cohort, n = 30). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of RM1, RM2, and RM3 was 0.86 (p = 0.001), 0.88 (p = 0.001), and 0.93 (p = 0.02), respectively. The decision curve analysis confirmed a progressive improvement in the diagnostic performance of three RMs with the addition of more specific sequences. All RMs performance surpassed the visual interpretation based on the same MR sequences (visual model 1, AUC = 0.65, p = 0.56; visual model 2, AUC = 0.63, p = 0.04; visual model 3, AUC = 0.77, p = 0.002), as well as the clinical model composed of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (AUC = 0.60, p = 0.13). Conclusions The RMs, utilizing various combinations of conventional, DWI and MTI sequences, significantly enhance radiologists’ ability to accurately characterize intestinal fibrosis in patients with CD. Critical relevance statement The utilization of MRI-based RMs significantly enhances the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists in characterizing intestinal fibrosis. Key Points MRI-based RMs can characterize CD intestinal fibrosis using conventional, diffusion, and MTI sequences. The RMs achieved AUCs of 0.86–0.93 for assessing fibrosis grade. MRI-radiomics outperformed visual interpretation for grading CD intestinal fibrosis. Graphical Abstract

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1869-4101Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/712ed3d7bada4f49b1ff783fdbbe03a4Test

المؤلفون: Shang-Ze Li, Qi-Peng Shu, Hai-Meng Zhou, Yu-Ying Liu, Meng-Qi Fan, Xin-Yi Liang, Lin-Zhi Qi, Ya-Nan He, Xue-Yi Liu, Xue-Hua Du, Xi-Chen Huang, Yu-Zhen Chen, Run-Lei Du, Yue-Xiu Liang, Xiao-Dong Zhang

المصدر: Nature Communications, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Science

الوصف: Abstract Activation of the NF-κB pathway is strictly regulated to prevent excessive inflammatory and immune responses. In a well-known negative feedback model, IκBα-dependent NF-κB termination is a delayed response pattern in the later stage of activation, and the mechanisms mediating the rapid termination of active NF-κB remain unclear. Here, we showed IκBα-independent rapid termination of nuclear NF-κB mediated by CLK2, which negatively regulated active NF-κB by phosphorylating the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB at Ser180 in the nucleus to limit its transcriptional activation through degradation and nuclear export. Depletion of CLK2 increased the production of inflammatory cytokines, reduced viral replication and increased the survival of the mice. Mechanistically, CLK2 phosphorylated RelA/p65 at Ser180 in the nucleus, leading to ubiquitin‒proteasome-mediated degradation and cytoplasmic redistribution. Importantly, a CLK2 inhibitor promoted cytokine production, reduced viral replication, and accelerated murine psoriasis. This study revealed an IκBα-independent mechanism of early-stage termination of NF-κB in which phosphorylated Ser180 RelA/p65 turned off posttranslational modifications associated with transcriptional activation, ultimately resulting in the degradation and nuclear export of RelA/p65 to inhibit excessive inflammatory activation. Our findings showed that the phosphorylation of RelA/p65 at Ser180 in the nucleus inhibits early-stage NF-κB activation, thereby mediating the negative regulation of NF-κB.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2041-1723Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/3f826d23a77e4eae86987c5233015fc0Test

المؤلفون: Liao, Zeyang, Lu, Yuwei, Wang, Xue-Hua

مصطلحات موضوعية: Quantum Physics, Physics - Optics

الوصف: The Lamb shift of a quantum emitter very close to a plasmonic nanostructure, mainly induced by the higher-order plasmonic dark modes, can be three or more orders of magnitude larger than that in the free space and it is ultra-sensitive to the emitter position and polarization. We show that this giant Lamb shift can be sensitively observed from the scattering spectrum dip shift of coupled system when the plasmonic nanoparticle or tip scans through the emitter. Based on these observations, we propose an optical localization and polarization microscopy scheme with sub-nanometer precision for a quantum emitter via detecting the scattering spectrum instead of fluorescence. Our method is free of fluorescence quenching problem and it is relatively easier to be implemented in the plasmon-emitter coupling system. Moreover, the sample in our method does not need to be placed inside a plasmonic picocavity to enhance the radiative fluorescence rate and it also works even if the quantum emitter is slightly below a dielectric surface which can bring about broader applications in various fields, such as physics, chemistry, medicine, life science and materials science.

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.03247Test

المؤلفون: Yang Dongni, Zhang Jianchao, Zhang Pengshuai, Liang Haowen, Ma Jie, Li Juntao, Wang Xue-Hua

المصدر: Nanophotonics, Vol 13, Iss 15, Pp 2781-2789 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: optical tweezers, metalens, polarization-insensitive, Physics, QC1-999

الوصف: Trapping and manipulating micro-objects and achieving high-precision measurements of tiny forces and displacements are of paramount importance in both physical and biological research. While conventional optical tweezers rely on tightly focused beams generated by bulky microscope systems, the emergence of flat lenses, particularly metalenses, has revolutionized miniature optical tweezers applications. In contrast to traditional objectives, the metalenses can be seamlessly integrated into sample chambers, facilitating flat-optics-based light manipulation. In this study, we propose an experimentally realized transmissive and polarization-insensitive water-immersion metalens, constructed using adaptive nano-antennas. This metalens boasts an ultra-high numerical aperture of 1.28 and achieves a remarkable focusing efficiency of approximately 50 % at a wavelength of 532 nm. Employing this metalens, we successfully demonstrate stable optical trapping, achieving lateral trapping stiffness exceeding 500 pN/(μm W). This stiffness magnitude aligns with that of conventional objectives and surpasses the performance of previously reported flat lenses. Furthermore, our bead steering experiment showcases a lateral manipulation range exceeding 2 μm, including a region of around 0.5 μm exhibiting minimal changes in stiffness for smoothly optical manipulation. We believe that this metalens paves the way for flat-optics-based optical tweezers, simplifying and enhancing optical trapping and manipulation processes, attributing ease of use, reliability, high performance, and compatibility with prevalent optical tweezers applications, including single-molecule and single-cell experiments.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2192-8614Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/29d666b28e8c42e8af972138b6ba97bcTest

المؤلفون: Sai-feng Huang, Yue Teng, Hui-Qing Shi, Wen-Juan Chen, Xue-Hua Zhang

المصدر: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Arthritis, Children, Magnetic resonance imaging, Osteoarthritis, Osteomyelitis, Ultrasonic examination, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935

الوصف: Abstract Objective Diagnosing musculoskeletal infections in children is challenging. In recent years, with the advancement of ultrasound technology, high-resolution ultrasound has unique advantages for musculoskeletal children. The aim of this work is to summarize the ultrasonographic and clinical characteristics of children with pyogenic arthritis and osteomyelitis. This study provides a simpler and more effective diagnostic basis for clinical treatment. Methods Fifty children with osteomyelitis or arthritis were diagnosed via ultrasound, and the results of the ultrasound diagnosis were compared with those of magnetic resonance imaging and surgery. Clinical and ultrasound characteristics were also analyzed. Results Out of 50 patients, 46 were confirmed to have suppurative infection by surgical and microbiological examination. Among these 46 patients, 26 were diagnosed with osteomyelitis and 20 had arthritis. The manifestations of osteomyelitis were subperiosteal abscess (15 patients), bone destruction (17 patients), bone marrow abscess (9 patients), and adjacent joint abscess (13 patients). Osteomyelitis mostly affects the long bones of the limbs, femur and humerus (10 and 9 patients, respectively), followed by the ulna, radius, tibia and fibula (one patient each). The manifestations of arthritis were joint pus (20 patients) and joint capsule thickening (20 patients), and hip dislocation (8 patients). All the patients had arthritis involving the hip joint. Conclusion Subperiosteal abscess, bone destruction, and joint abscess with dislocation are ultrasonographic features of pyogenic osteoarthritis. The findings of this work can improve the early diagnosis and differentiation of pyogenic osteoarthritis and provide a reliable basis for treatment.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1749-799XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/380a758669214a7bb93484478bcccdebTest

المؤلفون: Qing-Qing Xiao, Xue-Hua Huang, Jing Yang, Yun-Fei Mu, Cong Wang, Zhong-Yue Deng, Jia Cai, Ai-Ping Deng, Wan-Jie Tang, Xia-Can Chen, Wei Shi, Yi Jiang, Jia-Jun Xu, Li Yin, Yi Huang, Wei Zhang, Mao-Sheng Ran

المصدر: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 15 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, adolescent and young adults, lifting of COVID-19 restrictions, prevalence, associated factors, Psychiatry, RC435-571

الوصف: ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among adolescent and young adults in China from December 14, 2022 to February 28, 2023, when COVID-19 restrictions were lifted.MethodsStudents in middle and high schools and colleges and universities in the province of Sichuan, China were asked to complete on-line cross-sectional surveys. Information was collected about sociodemographics, experiences related to the COVID-19 pandemic, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Participants also filled out the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and the Social Support Rate Scale surveys. Factors associated with suicidal ideation or suicide attempts were explored using logistic regression.ResultsOf the 82,873 respondents (aged 12 to 24 years), 21,292 (25.7%) reported having thought of suicide at least once in their lifetime, 10,382 (12.5%) reported having thought about suicide within the previous 12 months, and 1,123 (1.4%) reported having attempted it within the previous 12 months. Risk of lifetime suicidal ideation was higher among middle school students than among older students. Risk of suicidal ideation and risk of suicide attempts correlated directly with severity of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and inversely with level of social support. Greater risk of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts was associated with: being female, living in an urban environment, attending a boarding school, currently being in love, having parents who divorced or remarried, having parents who exhibit non-authoritative parenting behavior, having higher family income, having been COVID-19 infected, having been quarantined for a long time, and being dissatisfied with one’s education.ConclusionsSuicidal ideation and suicide attempts remain prevalent among young people in China. The potential associated factors identified in our study may be useful for targeting appropriate psychosocial interventions and developing mental health policies.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1383992/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/96202ae18c8141df8e95de47284748eaTest

المؤلفون: Xue‐Hua Ding, Li‐Zhi Wang, Yong‐Zheng Chang, Chuan‐Xin Wei, Jin‐Yi Lin, Man‐Hua Ding, Wei Huang

المصدر: Aggregate, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: flexible organic crystals, intermolecular interactions, mechanical properties, multifunctional applications, Schiff base molecules, Chemistry, QD1-999, Biology (General), QH301-705.5

الوصف: Abstract The emergence of flexible organic crystals changed the perception of molecular crystals that were regarded as brittle entities over a long period of time, and sparked a great interest in exploring mechanically compliant organic crystalline materials toward next‐generation smart materials during the past decade. Schiff base compounds are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for flexible organic crystals owing to their easy synthesis, high yield, stimuli responsiveness and good mechanical properties. This paper gives an overview of the recent development of Schiff base flexible organic crystals (including elastic organic crystals, plastic organic crystals, and flexible organic crystals integrating elasticity and plasticity) from serendipitous discovery to design strategies and versatile applications such as stimuli responses, optical waveguides, optoelectronic devices, biomimetic soft robots, and organic photonic integrated circuits. Notably, atomic force microscopy‐micromanipulation technique has been utilized to bring the multifunctional applications of flexible organic crystals from the macroscopic level to the microscopic world. Since understanding mechanical flexibility at the molecular level through crystal engineering can assist us to trace down the structural origin of mechanical properties, we focus on the packing structures of various Schiff base flexible organic crystals driven by non‐covalent intermolecular interactions and their close correlation with mechanical behaviors. We hope that the information given here will help in the design of novel flexible organic crystals combined with other unique properties, and promote further research into the area of mechanically compliant organic crystalline materials toward multifunctional applications.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2692-4560Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/01c0323b526f4c409a11ca2473f5f0a4Test