المؤلفون: Qin, Bin, Li, Jiangmeng, Li, Yi, Wu, Xuesong, Wang, Yupeng, Qiang, Wenwen, Cao, Jianwen

مصطلحات موضوعية: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence

الوصف: Without loss of generality, existing machine learning techniques may learn spurious correlation dependent on the domain, which exacerbates the generalization of models in out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios. To address this issue, recent works build a structural causal model (SCM) to describe the causality within data generation process, thereby motivating methods to avoid the learning of spurious correlation by models. However, from the machine learning viewpoint, such a theoretical analysis omits the nuanced difference between the data generation process and representation learning process, resulting in that the causal analysis based on the former cannot well adapt to the latter. To this end, we explore to build a SCM for representation learning process and further conduct a thorough analysis of the mechanisms underlying spurious correlation. We underscore that adjusting erroneous covariates introduces bias, thus necessitating the correct selection of spurious correlation mechanisms based on practical application scenarios. In this regard, we substantiate the correctness of the proposed SCM and further propose to control confounding bias in OOD generalization by introducing a propensity score weighted estimator, which can be integrated into any existing OOD method as a plug-and-play module. The empirical results comprehensively demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on synthetic and large-scale real OOD datasets.

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.11517Test

المؤلفون: Hu, Ying, Setayesh, Tahereh, Vaziri, Farzam, Wu, Xuesong, Hwang, Samuel T, Chen, Xin, Wan, Yu-Jui Yvonne

المصدر: Molecular Therapy. 31(6)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Cancer, Nutrition, Rare Diseases, Gene Therapy, Biotechnology, Genetics, Digestive Diseases, Liver Cancer, Liver Disease, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Inflammatory and immune system, Humans, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Genetic Therapy, Hepatocytes, Liver Neoplasms, MicroRNAs, HIF1α, RORγ, hepatocellular carcinoma, immunotherapy, liver cancer, retinoic acid, tumor microenvironment, Biological Sciences, Technology, Medical and Health Sciences, Clinical sciences, Medical biotechnology

الوصف: MicroRNA-22 (miR-22) can be induced by beneficial metabolites that have metabolic and immune effects, including retinoic acids, bile acids, vitamin D3, and short-chain fatty acids. The tumor suppressor effects of miR-22 have been suggested, but whether miR-22 treats orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not established. The role of miR-22 in regulating tumor immunity is also poorly understood. Our data showed that miR-22 delivered by adeno-associated virus serotype 8 effectively treated HCC. Compared with FDA-approved lenvatinib, miR-22 produced better survival outcomes without noticeable toxicity. miR-22 silenced hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1α) and enhanced retinoic acid signaling in both hepatocytes and T cells. Moreover, miR-22 treatment improved metabolism and reduced inflammation. In the liver, miR-22 reduced the abundance of IL17-producing T cells and inhibited IL17 signaling by reducing the occupancy of HIF1α in the Rorc and Il17a genes. Conversely, increasing IL17 signaling ameliorated the anti-HCC effect of miR-22. Additionally, miR-22 expanded cytotoxic T cells and reduced regulatory T cells (Treg). Moreover, depleting cytotoxic T cells also abolished the anti-HCC effects of miR-22. In patients, miR-22 high HCC had upregulated metabolic pathways and reduced IL17 pro-inflammatory signaling compared with miR-22 low HCC. Together, miR-22 gene therapy can be a novel option for HCC treatment.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2992p8vvTest
https://escholarship.org/content/qt2992p8vv/qt2992p8vv.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Wu, Xuesong, Clarke, William, Koplinski, Chad, Peterson, Francis, Dwinell, Michael, Wei, Grace, Chao, Ellen, Huynh, Mindy, Yamada, Daisuke, Volkman, Brian, Hwang, Samuel

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cytokine, ELISA, Locked dimer, Psoriasis, Animals, Mice, Chemokine CCL20, Psoriasis, Chemotaxis, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

الوصف: A novel engineered CCL20 locked dimer (CCL20LD) is nearly identical to the naturally occurring chemokine CCL20 but blocks CCR6-mediated chemotaxis and offers a new approach to treat the diseases of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Methods for quantifying CCL20LD serum levels are needed to assess pharmacokinetics parameters and evaluate drug delivery, metabolism, and toxicity. Existing ELISA kits fail to discriminate between CCL20LD and the natural chemokine, CCL20WT (the wild type monomer). Herein, we tested several available CCL20 monoclonal antibodies to be able to identify one clone that can be used both as a capture and a detection antibody (with biotin-labeling) to specifically detect CCL20LD with high specificity. After validation using recombinant proteins, the CCL20LD-selective ELISA was used to analyze blood samples from CCL20LD treated mice, demonstrating the utility of this novel assay for preclinical development of a biopharmaceutical lead compound for psoriatic disease.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zh2n34cTest

المؤلفون: Fang, Jie, Wu, Xiongwei, Lin, Dianchao, Xu, Mengyun, Wu, Huahua, Wu, Xuesong, Bi, Ting

مصطلحات موضوعية: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, Computer Science - Machine Learning

الوصف: The growing use of probe vehicles generates a huge number of GNSS data. Limited by the satellite positioning technology, further improving the accuracy of map-matching is challenging work, especially for low-frequency trajectories. When matching a trajectory, the ego vehicle's spatial-temporal information of the present trip is the most useful with the least amount of data. In addition, there are a large amount of other data, e.g., other vehicles' state and past prediction results, but it is hard to extract useful information for matching maps and inferring paths. Most map-matching studies only used the ego vehicle's data and ignored other vehicles' data. Based on it, this paper designs a new map-matching method to make full use of "Big data". We first sort all data into four groups according to their spatial and temporal distance from the present matching probe which allows us to sort for their usefulness. Then we design three different methods to extract valuable information (scores) from them: a score for speed and bearing, a score for historical usage, and a score for traffic state using the spectral graph Markov neutral network. Finally, we use a modified top-K shortest-path method to search the candidate paths within an ellipse region and then use the fused score to infer the path (projected location). We test the proposed method against baseline algorithms using a real-world dataset in China. The results show that all scoring methods can enhance map-matching accuracy. Furthermore, our method outperforms the others, especially when GNSS probing frequency is less than 0.01 Hz.
Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2209.08500Test

المؤلفون: Guo, Junyan, Du, Ye, Wu, Xuesong, Li, Meihong, Wu, Runfang, Sun, Zhichao

مصطلحات موضوعية: Computer Science - Cryptography and Security

الوصف: Currently, due to the high scalability and global coverage of space information network (SIN), more service providers and users are willing to provide or subscribe to personal services through the satellite network. However, the messages are transmitted in public satellite-ground links, which makes access users vulnerable to various forms of attacks. Existing authentication protocols do not meet the expected security and short delay requirements to ensure the security of real-time user access and the confidentiality of communication content. Moreover, with the development of quantum computers, the difficult problems such as ECDLP and DLP have also been proven to be solvable in polynomial time, leading to new threats. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a provably secure and anti-quantum authentication protocol based on randomized RLWE. The protocol not only meets the pre-defined security requirements, but also reduces the total delay of the authentication phase based on the pre-negotiation and fewer authentication transmission. In addition, a concise handover scheme is designed for signal handover scenarios caused by satellite dynamic topology. Further rigorous formal and informal security proofs and performance analysis show that our proposed protocol is more applicable to SIN, while ensuring higher security and resisting various attacks with lower authentication delay.

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.00901Test

المؤلفون: LI Mingfeng, LI Yan, LIU Yong, WU Xuesong, XU Jisheng, CHANG Jianming, WANG Tao, PAN Hongguang

المصدر: Gong-kuang zidonghua, Vol 50, Iss 1, Pp 25-34 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: underground personnel positioning, 5g, uwb, inertial navigation technology, kalman filtering, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997

الوصف: In practical applications of coal mine personnel positioning systems, there are problems of insufficient equipment computing power and storage resources. The problems result in preventing the use of complex ranging and positioning algorithms, inadequate real-time transmission and response performance of positioning data, and significant human and material resource losses in system deployment. In order to solve the above problems, a new underground personnel positioning system based on 5G+UWB and inertial navigation technology is proposed. The system deploys UWB positioning base stations with low energy consumption and strong anti-interference capability at the end. The positioning base station is connected to the 5G base station in a cascaded manner. The positioning base station collects UWB and inertial navigation data, and uses the 5G network to transmit it back to the computing platform. The positioning information is solved and stored on the computing platform. The inertial navigation based personnel position estimation is used as the predicted value. The UWB based trilateral positioning algorithm is used to obtain personnel position estimation as the observed value. The Kalman filter is used to fuse the predicted and observed values to reduce positioning errors. The testing system is built at the main experimental base of the coal mine, simulating the real underground environment of the coal mine, and conducting comparative experiments. The results show the following points. ①In the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, the coincidence degree between the position information obtained by the Kalman filter algorithm of the fusion inertial navigation and the real position information is the highest, indicating that the position information obtained by the Kalman filter algorithm of the fusion inertial navigation is closest to the real position, and the average error is 22.192 cm. ② The position information of the underground personnel positioning system combined with 5G + UWB and inertial navigation technology has the highest coincidence degree with the real position information, and the error is [15 cm, 20 cm], with a maximum average error of 26 cm on the x-axis and 24 cm on the y-axis, exceeding the precision of most current underground personnel positioning systems.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1671-251XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/29b693beb51b445a911cdbd96aad2336Test

المؤلفون: Zou, Hongye, Yang, Yatian, Shi, Zhenrui, Wu, Xuesong, Liu, Ruiwu, Yu, Ai-Ming, Chen, Hong-Wu

مصطلحات موضوعية: Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cancer, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Cholesterol, Chromatin, Humans, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3, Th17 Cells, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, ROR gamma t, Tissue-selective modulator, Chromatin accessibility, Breast cancer, Cholesterol biosynthesis, RORγt, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences

الوصف: The nuclear receptor RORγ is a major driver of autoimmune diseases and certain types of cancer due to its aberrant function in T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation and tumor cholesterol metabolism, respectively. Compound screening using the classic receptor-coactivator interaction perturbation scheme led to identification of many small-molecule modulators of RORγ(t). We report here that inverse agonists/antagonists of RORγ such as VTP-43742 derivative VTP-23 and TAK828F, which can potently inhibit the inflammatory gene program in Th17 cells, unexpectedly lack high potency in inhibiting the growth of TNBC tumor cells. In contrast, antagonists such as XY018 and GSK805 that strongly suppress tumor cell growth and survival display only modest activities in reducing Th17-related cytokine expression. Unexpectedly, we found that VTP-23 significantly induces the cholesterol biosynthesis program in TNBC cells. Our further mechanistic analyses revealed that VTP-23 enhances the local chromatin accessibility, H3K27ac mark and the cholesterol master regulator SREBP2 recruitment at the RORγ binding sites, whereas XY018 exerts the opposite activities. Yet, they display similar inhibitory effects on circadian rhythm program. Similar distinctions and contrasting activities between TAK828F and SR2211 in their effects on local chromatin structure at Il17 genes were also observed. Together, our study shows for the first-time that structurally distinct RORγ antagonists possess different or even contrasting activities in tissue/cell-specific manner. Our findings also highlight that the activities at natural chromatin are key determinants of RORγ modulators' tissue selectivity.

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q2371d3Test

المؤلفون: Shi, Zhenrui, Wu, Xuesong, Wu, Chun-Yi, Singh, Satya P, Law, Timothy, Yamada, Daisuke, Huynh, Mindy, Liakos, William, Yang, Guiyan, Farber, Joshua M, Wan, Yu-Jui Yvonne, Hwang, Samuel T

المصدر: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 142(5)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Liver Disease, Digestive Diseases, Oral and gastrointestinal, Animals, Bile Acids and Salts, Chemokine CCL20, Eczema, Humans, Interleukin-17, Interleukin-23, Mice, Psoriasis, Receptors, CCR6, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Dermatology & Venereal Diseases, Clinical sciences

الوصف: Bile acids (BAs), produced in the liver and further transformed in the gut, are cholesterol-derived molecules involved in essential physiological processes. Recent studies suggest that BAs regulate T helper 17 cell function, but the underlying mechanism of this action and their therapeutic value in disease models remains unclear. Using an IL-23 minicircle DNA-based murine model of psoriasiform dermatitis, we showed that oral administration of secondary BAs, including lithocholic acid (LCA), deoxycholic acid, and 3-oxoLCA, significantly improved psoriasiform dermatitis without inducing apparent hepatotoxicity. Of the BAs tested, LCA possessed the greatest potency in treating psoriasiform dermatitis. Intravenous administration of LCA at a much lower dosage (compared with oral treatment) showed a comparable antipsoriatic effect and markedly suppressed the IL-17A response. Ex vivo experiments revealed that LCA reduced IL-17A production in IL-23-stimulated murine T cells in the absence of BA receptors TGR5 or FXR. Strikingly, BAs inhibited CCL20 expression in keratinocytes, which led to reduced migration of CCR6-expressing Jurkat cells cultured in the conditioned medium of stimulated keratinocytes. Thus, BAs improve psoriasiform dermatitis with minimal toxicity via direct inhibition of IL-17A production and blockade of CCL20-mediated trafficking, supporting the potential use of BAs in psoriasis.

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65d10818Test

المؤلفون: Jiang, Nan (ORCID 0000-0003-4153-2137), Wu, Xuesong

المصدر: Language Learning. Sep 2022 72(3):625-645.

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

Page Count: 21

الواصفات: Word Recognition, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Semantics, Morphology (Languages), Priming, Contrastive Linguistics, Task Analysis, Orthographic Symbols, Decision Making, English (Second Language), Comparative Analysis

مستخلص: Several previous studies showed that prime-target pairs with orthographical overlap but no semantic or morphological relationship (e.g., freeze-free) produced a masked priming effect in second language (L2) speakers but not in first language (L1) speakers. The present study further explored this intriguing L1-L2 difference by comparing English native speakers and nonnative speakers in the masked priming paradigm in combination with a lexical decision task. The stimuli included prime-target pairs with orthographical overlap at both the word-initial and word-final positions (e.g., rubber-rub, stage-age) but without any semantic or morphological relationship. The results replicated orthographic priming in L2 speakers for words with both overlap positions. Two accounts of this L1-L2 difference are discussed, one focusing on the representational aspect and the other on the processing characteristics of the L2 lexicon.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Ting, Juiwen, Wu, Xuesong, Hu, Kangkang, Zhang, Hong

مصطلحات موضوعية: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

الوصف: The recent development of the on-chip micro-polarizer technology has made it possible to acquire four spatially aligned and temporally synchronized polarization images with the same ease of operation as a conventional camera. In this paper, we investigate the use of this sensor technology in high-dynamic-range (HDR) imaging. Specifically, observing that natural light can be attenuated differently by varying the orientation of the polarization filter, we treat the multiple images captured by the polarization camera as a set captured under different exposure times. In our approach, we first study the relationship among polarizer orientation, degree and angle of polarization of light to the exposure time of a pixel in the polarization image. Subsequently, we propose a deep snapshot HDR reconstruction framework to recover an HDR image using the polarization images. A polarized HDR dataset is created to train and evaluate our approach. We demonstrate that our approach performs favorably against state-of-the-art HDR reconstruction algorithms.
Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.05824Test