المؤلفون: Jablonka, Kevin Maik, Ai, Qianxiang, Al-Feghali, Alexander, Badhwar, Shruti, Bocarsly, Joshua D., Bran, Andres M, Bringuier, Stefan, Brinson, L. Catherine, Choudhary, Kamal, Circi, Defne, Cox, Sam, de Jong, Wibe A., Evans, Matthew L., Gastellu, Nicolas, Genzling, Jerome, Gil, María Victoria, Gupta, Ankur K., Hong, Zhi, Imran, Alishba, Kruschwitz, Sabine, Labarre, Anne, Lála, Jakub, Liu, Tao, Ma, Steven, Majumdar, Sauradeep, Merz, Garrett W., Moitessier, Nicolas, Moubarak, Elias, Mouriño, Beatriz, Pelkie, Brenden, Pieler, Michael, Ramos, Mayk Caldas, Ranković, Bojana, Rodriques, Samuel G., Sanders, Jacob N., Schwaller, Philippe, Schwarting, Marcus, Shi, Jiale, Smit, Berend, Smith, Ben E., Van Herck, Joren, Völker, Christoph, Ward, Logan, Warren, Sean, Weiser, Benjamin, Zhang, Sylvester, Zhang, Xiaoqi, Zia, Ghezal Ahmad, Scourtas, Aristana, Schmidt, KJ, Foster, Ian, White, Andrew D., Blaiszik, Ben

مصطلحات موضوعية: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Physics - Chemical Physics

الوصف: Large-language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 caught the interest of many scientists. Recent studies suggested that these models could be useful in chemistry and materials science. To explore these possibilities, we organized a hackathon. This article chronicles the projects built as part of this hackathon. Participants employed LLMs for various applications, including predicting properties of molecules and materials, designing novel interfaces for tools, extracting knowledge from unstructured data, and developing new educational applications. The diverse topics and the fact that working prototypes could be generated in less than two days highlight that LLMs will profoundly impact the future of our fields. The rich collection of ideas and projects also indicates that the applications of LLMs are not limited to materials science and chemistry but offer potential benefits to a wide range of scientific disciplines.

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.06283Test

المؤلفون: Thuy Ngan Tran, Joanna Bouchat, Marc Peeters, Bea Berghmans, Eric Van Cutsem, Guido Van Hal, Koen Van Herck, Sarah Hoeck

المصدر: Gastrointestinal Disorders, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 26-48 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: colonoscopy, complications, bleeding, perforation, colorectal cancer screening, Flanders, Medicine, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869

الوصف: Monitoring complications of colonoscopies after a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT-colonoscopies) is crucial in FIT-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We investigated the occurrence of bleeding and perforation post FIT-colonoscopies (2013–2019) in Flanders and the contributing factors. A retrospective case–control study was conducted, including bleeding/perforation cases within 14 days after index colonoscopy, and controls without such events. Bleeding rates dropped from 0.9–1.1% (pre-2017) to 0.3% (2017–2018) and further to 0.05% (2019), while perforation rates remained at 0.05–0.11% (2014–2019). Male gender, polypectomy, general anaesthesia, and recent antiplatelet/antithrombotic drug use increased bleeding odds. Incomplete colonoscopy, polypectomy, general anaesthesia, and recent antiplatelet/antithrombotic drug use raised perforation odds. The endoscopists (n = 16) with highest bleeding rates (top 5%) performed only 6% of total FIT-colonoscopies, yet their patients experienced 45.5% of bleeding events. Similarly, for the top 5% of perforation rates, endoscopists conducting only 4.5% of total FIT-colonoscopy had 49.0% of perforation events occur in their patients. This study sheds light on FIT-colonoscopy-related complications in Flanders, their rates and risk factors. These findings can be incorporated into CRC screening materials and guide interventions to mitigate complications. A central colonoscopy register is currently lacking in Belgium, highlighting the need for its establishment to facilitate recurrent monitoring and evaluation.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2624-5647/6/1/3Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2624-5647Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/37b93e946b1846488ee0b4440d923440Test

المؤلفون: Marijke Peetermans, Veerle Matheeussen, Cedric Moerman, Fréderic De Rydt, Sabine Thieren, Emily Pollet, Michael Casaer, Benjamin De Backer, Rudi De Paep, Yves Debaveye, Lars Desmet, Stefanie Desmet, Els I. M. Duval, Vincent Fraipont, Dieter Geysels, Greet Hermans, Frederik Lahaye, Xavier Mathy, Philippe Meersseman, Cécile Meex, Jozef Van Herck, Stefanie van Kleef-van Koeveringe, Nathalie Layios, Joost Wauters, Philippe G. Jorens

المصدر: Annals of Intensive Care, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Group A streptococci, Invasive, Streptococcus pyogenes, Necrotizing fasciitis, Toxic shock syndrome, Community-acquired pneumonia, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9

الوصف: Abstract Background Recent alerts have highlighted an increase in group A streptococcal (GAS) infections since 2022 in Europe and the United States. Streptococcus pyogenes can cause limited skin or mucosal disease, but can also present as severe invasive disease necessitating critical care. We performed a multicenter retrospective study of patients with GAS infections recently admitted to Belgian intensive care units (ICUs) since January 2022. We describe patient characteristics and investigate the molecular epidemiology of the S. pyogenes strains involved. Results Between January 2022 and May 2023, a total of 86 cases (56 adults, 30 children) with GAS disease were admitted to critical care in the university hospitals of Leuven, Antwerp and Liège. We noted a strikingly high incidence of severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) (45% of adults, 77% of children) complicated with empyema in 45% and 83% of adult and pediatric cases, respectively. Two-thirds of patients with S. pyogenes pneumonia had viral co-infection, with influenza (13 adults, 5 children) predominating. Other disease presentations included necrotizing fasciitis (23% of adults), other severe skin/soft tissue infections (16% of adults, 13% of children) and ear/nose/throat infections (13% of adults, 13% of children). Cardiogenic shock was frequent (36% of adults, 20% of children). Fifty-six patients (65%) had toxic shock syndrome. Organ support requirements were high and included invasive mechanical ventilation (77% of adults, 50% of children), renal replacement therapy (29% of adults, 3% of children) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (20% of adults, 7% of children). Mortality was 21% in adults and 3% in children. Genomic analysis of S. pyogenes strains from 55 out of 86 patients showed a predominance of emm1 strains (73%), with a replacement of the M1global lineage by the toxigenic M1UK lineage (83% of emm1 strains were M1UK). Conclusions The recent rise of severe GAS infections (2022–23) is associated with introduction of the M1UK lineage in Belgium, but other factors may be at play—including intense circulation of respiratory viruses and potentially an immune debt after the COVID pandemic. Importantly, critical care physicians should include S. pyogenes as causative pathogen in the differential diagnosis of sCAP.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2110-5820Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ab40714242e240f59cf196d61eafc241Test

المؤلفون: Jeroen Walpot, Paul Van Herck, Caroline M. Van de Heyning, Johan Bosmans, Samia Massalha, João R. Inácio, Hein Heidbuchel, Manu L. Malbrain

المصدر: Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy, Vol 55, Iss 4, Pp 243-261 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: biomarkers, sarcopenia, computed tomography, psoas muscle area (pma), psoas muscle density (pmd), major acute cardiovascular events (mace), postoperative clinical outcomes, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9

الوصف: Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterised by loss of skeletal muscle mass, loss of muscle quality, and reduced muscle strength, resulting in low performance. Sarcopenia has been associated with increased mortality and complications after medical interventions. In daily clinical practice, sarcopenia is assessed by clinical assessment of muscle strength and performance tests and muscle mass quantification by dual-energy X-ray absorptio­metry (DXA) or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Assessment of the skeletal muscle quantity and quality obtained by abdominal computed tomography (CT) has gained interest in the medical community, as abdominal CT is performed for various medical reasons, and quantification of the psoas and skeletal muscle can be performed without additional radiation load and dye administration. The definitions of CT-derived skeletal muscle mass quantification are briefly reviewed: psoas muscle area (PMA), skeletal muscle area (SMA), and transverse psoas muscle thickness (TPMT). We explain how CT attenuation coefficient filters are used to determine PMA and SMA, resulting in the psoas muscle index (PMI) and skeletal muscle index (SMI), respectively, after indexation to body habitus. Psoas muscle density (PMD), a biomarker for skeletal muscle quality, can be assessed by measuring the psoas muscle CT attenuation coefficient, expressed in Hounsfield units. The concept of low-density muscle (LDM) is explained. Finally, we review the medical literature on PMI and PMD as predictors of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing trauma or elective major surgery, transplantation, and in patients with cardiovascular and internal disease. PMI and PMD are promising new biomarkers predicting adverse outcomes after medical interventions.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.termedia.pl/Computed-tomography-measured-epicardial-adipose-tissue-and-psoas-muscle-attenuation-new-biomarkers-to-predict-major-adverse-cardiac-events-and-mortality-in-patients-with-heart-disease-and-critically-i,118,51707,1,1.htmlTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1642-5758Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1731-2531Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/730e22c616144a9db206393776ab8145Test

المؤلفون: Tobias Heigl, Janne Kaes, Celine Aelbrecht, Jef Serré, Yoshito Yamada, Vincent Geudens, Anke Van Herck, Arno Vanstapel, Annelore Sacreas, Sofie Ordies, Anna Frick, Berta Saez Gimenez, Jan Van Slambrouck, Hanne Beeckmans, Nilüfer A. Acet Oztürk, Michaela Orlitova, Annemie Vaneylen, Sandra Claes, Dominique Schols, Greetje Vande Velde, Jonas Schupp, Naftali Kaminski, Markus Boesch, Hannelie Korf, Schalk van der Merwe, Lieven Dupont, Jeroen Vanoirbeek, Laurent Godinas, Dirk E. Van Raemdonck, Wim Janssens, Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez, Laurens J. Ceulemans, John E. McDonough, Erik K. Verbeken, Robin Vos, Bart M. Vanaudenaerde

المصدر: Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 15 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: lung transplantation, chronic rejection, imaging, single-cell profiling, mouse model, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607

الوصف: IntroductionChronic rejection is a major complication post-transplantation. Within lung transplantation, chronic rejection was considered as airway centred. Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD), defined to cover all late chronic complications, makes it more difficult to understand chronic rejection from an immunological perspective. This study investigated the true nature, timing and location of chronic rejection as a whole, within mouse lung transplantation.Methods40 mice underwent an orthotopic left lung transplantation, were sacrificed at day 70 and evaluated by histology and in vivo µCT. For timing and location of rejection, extra grafts were sacrificed at day 7, 35, 56 and investigated by ex vivo µCT or single cell RNA (scRNA) profiling.ResultsChronic rejection originated as innate inflammation around small arteries evolving toward adaptive organization with subsequent end-arterial fibrosis and obliterans. Subsequently, venous and pleural infiltration appeared, followed by airway related bronchiolar folding and rarely bronchiolitis obliterans was observed. Ex vivo µCT and scRNA profiling validated the time, location and sequence of events with endothelial destruction and activation as primary onset.ConclusionAgainst the current belief, chronic rejection in lung transplantation may start as an arterial response, followed by responses in venules, pleura, and, only in the late stage, bronchioles, as may be seen in some but not all patients with CLAD.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369536/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/523cb3938ed14de6b83dbb256d799395Test

المؤلفون: Jeroen Walpot, Paul Van Herck, Caroline M. Van de Heyning, Johan Bosmans, Samia Massalha, Manu L.N.G. Malbrain, Hein Heidbuchel, João R. Inácio

المصدر: Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy, Vol 55, Iss 3, Pp 141-157 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: atrial fibrillation, biomarker, critically ill patients, clinical outcomes, computed tomography, coronary artery disease, heart failure, major adverse cardiovascular events, epicardial adipose tissue, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9

الوصف: Over the last two decades, the potential role of epicardial adipocyte tissue (EAT) as a marker for major adverse cardiovascular events has been extensively studied. Unlike other visceral adipocyte tissues (VAT), EAT is not separated from the adjacent myocardium by a fascial layer and shares the same microcirculation with the myocardium. Adipocytokines, secreted by EAT, interact directly with the myocardium through paracrine and vasocrine pathways. The role of the Randle cycle, linking VAT accumulation to insulin resistance, and the relevance of blood flow and mitochondrial function of VAT, are briefly discussed. The three available imaging modalities for the assessment of EAT are discussed. The advantages of echocardiography, cardiac CT, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) are compared. The last section summarises the current stage of knowledge on EAT as a clinical marker for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The association between EAT volume and coronary artery disease (CAD) has robustly been validated. There is growing evidence that EAT volume is associated with computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) assessed high-risk plaque features. The EAT CT attenuation coefficient predicts coronary events. Many studies have established EAT volume as a predictor of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Moreover, EAT thickness has been independently associated with severe aortic stenosis and mitral annular calcification. Studies have demonstrated that EAT volume is associated with heart failure. Finally, we discuss the potential role of EAT in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit. In conclusion, EAT seems to be a promising new biomarker to predict MACE.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.termedia.pl/Computed-tomography-measured-epicardial-adipose-tissue-and-psoas-muscle-attenuation-new-biomarkers-to-predict-major-adverse-cardiac-events-MACE-and-mortality-in-patients-with-heart-disease-and-critica,118,51341,1,1.htmlTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1642-5758Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1731-2531Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ef80a787e5194393a2e02a54674ef098Test

المؤلفون: Demi M. E. Pagen, Maarten Van Herck, Céline J. A. van Bilsen, Stephanie Brinkhues, Kevin Konings, Casper D. J. den Heijer, Martijn A. Spruit, Christian J. P. A. Hoebe, Nicole H. T. M. Dukers-Muijrers

المصدر: Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 10 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: COVID-19, long COVID, post-COVID-19 condition, post-exertional malaise, orthostatic intolerance, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: BackgroundExercise-based treatments can worsen/exacerbate symptoms in people who were SARS-CoV-2 positive and living with post-COVID-19 condition (PL-PCC) and who have post-exertional malaise (PEM) or orthostatic intolerance (OI). Nevertheless, PEM and OI are not routinely assessed by clinicians. We estimated PEM and OI proportions in PL-PCC, as well as in people not living with PCC (PnL-PCC) and negatives (i.e., never reported a SARS-CoV-2 positive test), and identified associated factors.MethodsParticipants from the Prevalence, Risk factors, and Impact Evaluation (PRIME) post-COVID-19 condition study were included. PEM and OI were assessed using validated questionnaires. PCC was defined as feeling unrecovered after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multivariable regression analyses to study PEM and OI were stratified for sex.ResultsData from 3,783 participants were analyzed. In PL-PCC, the proportion of PEM was 48.1% and 41.2%, and the proportion of OI was 29.3% and 27.9% in women and men, respectively. Proportions were higher in PL-PCC than negatives, for PEM in women OR=4.38 [95%CI:3.01–6.38]; in men OR = 4.78 [95%CI:3.13–7.29]; for OI in women 3.06 [95%CI:1.97-4.76]; in men 2.71 [95%CI:1.75–4.21]. Associated factors were age ≤ 60 years, ≥1 comorbidities, and living alone.ConclusionHigh proportions of PEM and OI are observed in PL-PCC. Standard screening for PEM and OI is recommended in PL-PCC to promote appropriate therapies.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1292446/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2296-858XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8704eb2b6eb1498f91f9a58f2fb01589Test

المؤلفون: Van Herck, Shauni (ORCID 0000-0001-6330-7331), Vanden Bempt, Femke, Economou, Maria, Vanderauwera, Jolijn, Glatz, Toivo, Dieudonné, Benjamin, Vandermosten, Maaike (ORCID 0000-0002-9928-1580), Ghesquière, Pol, Wouters, Jan

المصدر: Developmental Science. May 2022 25(3).

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

Page Count: 12

الواصفات: Dyslexia, Risk, Speech, Auditory Perception, Training, Discrimination Learning, Phonics, Intervention, Prereading Experience, Cues, At Risk Persons, Preschool Children, Listening, Games, Story Telling, Phonology

مستخلص: Dyslexia has frequently been related to atypical auditory temporal processing and speech perception. Results of studies emphasizing speech onset cues and reinforcing the temporal structure of the speech envelope, that is, envelope enhancement (EE), demonstrated reduced speech perception deficits in individuals with dyslexia. The use of this strategy as auditory intervention might thus reduce some of the deficits related to dyslexia. Importantly, reading-skill interventions are most effective when they are provided during kindergarten and first grade. Hence, we provided a tablet-based 12-week auditory and phonics-based intervention to pre-readers at cognitive risk for dyslexia and investigated the effect on auditory temporal processing with a rise time discrimination (RTD) task. Ninety-one pre-readers at cognitive risk for dyslexia (aged 5-6) were assigned to two groups receiving a phonics-based intervention and playing a story listening game either with (n = 31) or without (n = 31) EE or a third group playing control games and listening to non-enhanced stories (n = 29). RTD was measured directly before, directly after and 1 year after the intervention. While the groups listening to non-enhanced stories mainly improved after the intervention during first grade, the group listening to enhanced stories improved during the intervention in kindergarten and subsequently remained stable during first grade. Hence, an EE intervention improves auditory processing skills important for the development of phonological skills. This occurred before the onset of reading instruction, preceding the maturational improvement of these skills, hence potentially giving at risk children a head start when learning to read. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0BfT4dGXNATest

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Yvonne M. J. Goërtz, Martijn A. Spruit, Maarten Van Herck, Nicole Dukers-Muijrers, Lifelines Corona Research Initiative, Carla J. H. van der Kallen, Chris Burtin, Daisy J. A. Janssen

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract This study evaluates to what extent symptoms are present before, during, and after a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, and to evaluate how the symptom burden and quality of Life (QoL) compares to those with a negative PCR test. Participants from the Dutch Lifelines COVID-19 Cohort Study filled-out as of March 2020 weekly, later bi-weekly and monthly, questions about demographics, COVID-19 diagnosis and severity, QoL, and symptoms. The study population included those with one positive or negative PCR test who filled out two questionnaires before and after the test, resulting in 996 SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive and 3978 negative participants. Nearly all symptoms were more often reported after a positive test versus the period before the test (p 0.05). QoL decreased around the test for positives and negatives, with a larger deterioration for positives. Not all symptoms after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test might be attributable to the infection and symptoms were also common in negatives.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/75d272f8b86144e2aba91c18f57a453dTest

المؤلفون: Baptiste Lamarthée, Jasper Callemeyn, Yannick Van Herck, Asier Antoranz, Dany Anglicheau, Patrick Boada, Jan Ulrich Becker, Tim Debyser, Frederik De Smet, Katrien De Vusser, Maëva Eloudzeri, Amelie Franken, Wilfried Gwinner, Priyanka Koshy, Dirk Kuypers, Diether Lambrechts, Pierre Marquet, Virginie Mathias, Marion Rabant, Minnie M. Sarwal, Aleksandar Senev, Tara K. Sigdel, Ben Sprangers, Olivier Thaunat, Claire Tinel, Thomas Van Brussel, Amaryllis Van Craenenbroeck, Elisabet Van Loon, Thibaut Vaulet, Francesca Bosisio, Maarten Naesens

المصدر: Nature Communications, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Science

الوصف: Abstract Rejection remains the main cause of premature graft loss after kidney transplantation, despite the use of potent immunosuppression. This highlights the need to better understand the composition and the cell-to-cell interactions of the alloreactive inflammatory infiltrate. Here, we performed droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing of 35,152 transcriptomes from 16 kidney transplant biopsies with varying phenotypes and severities of rejection and without rejection, and identified cell-type specific gene expression signatures for deconvolution of bulk tissue. A specific association was identified between recipient-derived FCGR3A+ monocytes, FCGR3A + NK cells and the severity of intragraft inflammation. Activated FCGR3A+ monocytes overexpressed CD47 and LILR genes and increased paracrine signaling pathways promoting T cell infiltration. FCGR3A + NK cells overexpressed FCRL3, suggesting that antibody-dependent cytotoxicity is a central mechanism of NK-cell mediated graft injury. Multiplexed immunofluorescence using 38 markers on 18 independent biopsy slides confirmed this role of FcγRIII+ NK and FcγRIII+ nonclassical monocytes in antibody-mediated rejection, with specificity to the glomerular area. These results highlight the central involvement of innate immune cells in the pathogenesis of allograft rejection and identify several potential therapeutic targets that might improve allograft longevity.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2041-1723Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/7390314e25494b48965250724b83fa09Test