المؤلفون: Chislett, Louis, Aslett, Louis JM, Davies, Alisha R, Vallejos, Catalina A, Liley, James

مصطلحات موضوعية: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computers and Society

الوصف: Clinical prediction models are statistical or machine learning models used to quantify the risk of a certain health outcome using patient data. These can then inform potential interventions on patients, causing an effect called performative prediction: predictions inform interventions which influence the outcome they were trying to predict, leading to a potential underestimation of risk in some patients if a model is updated on this data. One suggested resolution to this is the use of hold-out sets, in which a set of patients do not receive model derived risk scores, such that a model can be safely retrained. We present an overview of clinical and research ethics regarding potential implementation of hold-out sets for clinical prediction models in health settings. We focus on the ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice. We also discuss informed consent, clinical equipoise, and truth-telling. We present illustrative cases of potential hold-out set implementations and discuss statistical issues arising from different hold-out set sampling methods. We also discuss differences between hold-out sets and randomised control trials, in terms of ethics and statistical issues. Finally, we give practical recommendations for researchers interested in the use hold-out sets for clinical prediction models.

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.03161Test

المؤلفون: Taggart, C, Monterrubio-Gomez, K, Roos, A, Boeddinghaus, J, Kimenai, DM, Kadesjo, E, Bularga, A, Wereski, R, Ferry, A, Lowry, M, Anand, A, Lee, KK, Doudesis, D, Manolopoulou, I, Nestelberger, T, Koechlin, L, Lopez-Ayala, P, Mueller, C, Mills, NL, Vallejos, CA, Chapman, AR

المصدر: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 81(2):156-168

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicin och hälsovetenskap

الوصول الحر: http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:151837419Test

المؤلفون: Chen, Jimmy S, Copado, Ivan A, Vallejos, Cecilia, Kalaw, Fritz Gerald P, Soe, Priyanka, Cai, Cindy X, Toy, Brian C, Borkar, Durga, Sun, Catherine Q, Shantha, Jessica G, Baxter, Sally L

المصدر: Ophthalmology Science. 4(4)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Health Services and Systems, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Diabetes, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Good Health and Well Being, Big data, Data standardization, Diabetic retinopathy, Electronic health records Informatics, Electronic health records, Informatics

الوصف: PurposeUse of the electronic health record (EHR) has motivated the need for data standardization. A gap in knowledge exists regarding variations in existing terminologies for defining diabetic retinopathy (DR) cohorts. This study aimed to review the literature and analyze variations regarding codified definitions of DR.DesignLiterature review and quantitative analysis.SubjectsPublished manuscripts.MethodsFour graders reviewed PubMed and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed studies. Studies were included if they used codified definitions of DR (e.g., billing codes). Data elements such as author names, publication year, purpose, data set type, and DR definitions were manually extracted. Each study was reviewed by ≥ 2 authors to validate inclusion eligibility. Quantitative analyses of the codified definitions were then performed to characterize the variation between DR cohort definitions.Main outcome measuresNumber of studies included and numeric counts of billing codes used to define codified cohorts.ResultsIn total, 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. Half of the included studies used datasets based on structured EHR data (i.e., data registries, institutional EHR review), and half used claims data. All but 1 of the studies used billing codes such as the International Classification of Diseases 9th or 10th edition (ICD-9 or ICD-10), either alone or in addition to another terminology for defining disease. Of the 27 included studies that used ICD-9 and the 20 studies that used ICD-10 codes, the most common codes used pertained to the full spectrum of DR severity. Diabetic retinopathy complications (e.g., vitreous hemorrhage) were also used to define some DR cohorts.ConclusionsSubstantial variations exist among codified definitions for DR cohorts within retrospective studies. Variable definitions may limit generalizability and reproducibility of retrospective studies. More work is needed to standardize disease cohorts.Financial disclosuresProprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8pd0g1rgTest
https://escholarship.org/content/qt8pd0g1rg/qt8pd0g1rg.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Sepúlveda-Vallejos, Sergio (ORCID 0000-0001-5986-5373), Muñoz, Carla (ORCID 0000-0001-5968-6076), Contreras, Claudia (ORCID 0000-0001-5000-3857), Monzalve, Manuel (ORCID 0000-0002-4845-7750)

المصدر: International Journal of Educational Methodology. 2023 9(1):63-73.

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

مستخلص: Teachers face situations that are difficult to solve, which affect their practices in the classroom. Teachers' ability to face problematic situations been related to educators' adaptive and metacognitive capacity. This study aimed to contrast the recent literature on classroom problems with reports from Chilean teachers regarding what they mean today as critical situations in the classroom. The major problems with the highest prevalence were categorized based on a literature review. Subsequently, teachers from three educational levels (pre-school, primary and secondary) were asked to relate situations in which they had experienced a crisis in their profession. After a filtering based on the relevance and textual richness present, the stories (n=145) were subjected to a thematic analysis and contrasted with the categories obtained from the reviewed literature. The results show a low proportion of problems associated with learning management in the classroom and, on the other hand, a high proportion of behavioral problems in students focused on situations of aggression towards the teacher. These conclusions are discussed to reconsider the concept of "classroom problem situations" and, based on this, questioning the role of teacher training in the development of skills for the management of authentic problem situations.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Almonacid-Fierro, Alejandro (ORCID 0000-0002-8328-017X), Sepúlveda-Vallejos, Sergio (ORCID 0000-0001-5986-5373), Valdebenito, Karla (ORCID 0000-0002-7896-6628), Montoya-Grisales, Noelva (ORCID 0000-0003-3267-6999), Aguilar-Valdés, Mirko (ORCID 0000-0003-0854-796X)

المصدر: International Journal of Educational Methodology. 2023 9(3):525-534.

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

مستخلص: Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) consists of a set of understandings, knowledge, skills, and dispositions necessary for effective performance in specific teaching and learning situations. Using Scopus, EBSCO, and Web of Science databases, the study examines the progress of the PCK in science teacher education between 2011 and 2021. In total, 59 articles were reviewed, and 13 were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Among the findings, it stands out that the articles emphasize a series of tools used when teaching applied sciences, such as the use of educational technologies beyond the textbook or the integration of students' thinking. The articles state that PCK transcends subject knowledge and leads to subject knowledge for teaching. Finally, the literature has tried to answer how science teachers use PCK in the classroom, demonstrating strategies and practical value, both of which are vital for the functioning and application of their educational work.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Correia, Pedro Silva, Carvalho, Gabriel Dias, de Oliveira, Thiago R., Vallejos, Raúl O., de Melo, Fernando

مصطلحات موضوعية: Quantum Physics

الوصف: With the control of ever more complex quantum systems becoming a reality, new scenarios are emerging where generalizations of the most foundational aspects of statistical quantum mechanics are imperative. In such experimental scenarios the often natural correspondence between the particles that compose the system and the relevant degrees-of-freedom might not be observed. In the present work we employ quantum channels to define generalized subsystems, which should capture the pertinent degrees-of-freedom, and obtain their associated canonical state. Moreover, we show that generalized subsystems also display the phenomena of canonical typicality, i.e., the generalized subsystem description generated from almost any microscopic pure state of the whole system will behave similarly as the corresponding canonical state. In particular we demonstrate that the property regulating the emergence of the canonical typicality behavior is the entropy of the channel used to define the generalized subsystem.
Comment: 6+7, 3 figures. V1. Comments are welcome

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2308.16330Test

المؤلفون: PABLO MANZONE, PATRICIO, VALLEJOS ARCE, MARÍA SELVA, ORSINI, EDITH, DORTIGNAC, MARIANO, MARIÑO AVALOS, EDUARDO, CARDOZO IÑIGUEZ, MARIA LORENA, GEMETRO, JOSÉ

المصدر: Coluna/Columna. September 2016 15(3)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cerebral palsy, Muscle spasticity, Rhizotomy, Scoliosis

الوصف: Objective: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) used for spasticity treatment could worsen or develop spinal deformities. Our goal is to describe spinal deformities seen in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) after being treated by SDR. Methods: Retrospective study of patients operated on (SDR) between January/1999 and June/2012. Inclusion criteria: spinal Rx before SDR surgery, spinography, and assessment at follow-up. We evaluated several factors emphasizing level and type of SDR approach, spinal deformity and its treatment, final Risser, and follow-up duration. Results: We found 7 patients (6 males): mean age at SDR 7.56 years (4.08-11.16). Mean follow-up: 6.64 years (2.16-13), final age: 14.32 years (7.5-19). No patient had previous deformity. GMFCS: 2 patients level IV, 2 level III, 3 level II. Initial walking status: 2 community walkers, 2 household walkers, 2 functional walkers, 1 not ambulant, at the follow-up, 3 patients improved, and 4 kept their status. We found 4 TL/L laminotomies, 2 L/LS laminectomies, and 1 thoracic laminectomy. Six spinal deformities were observed: 2 sagittal, 3 mixed, and 1 scoliosis. There was no association among the type of deformity, final gait status, topographic type, GMFCS, age, or SDR approach. Three patients had surgery indication for spinal deformity at skeletal maturity, while those patients with smaller deformities were still immature (Risser 0 to 2/3) although with progressive curves. Conclusions: After SDR, patients should be periodically evaluated until they reach Risser 5. The development of a deformity does not compromise functional results but adds morbidity because it may require surgical treatment.

وصف الملف: text/html

الوصول الحر: http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1808-18512016000300186Test

المؤلفون: Matchett, KP, Wilson-Kanamori, JR, Portman, JR, Kapourani, CA, Fercoq, F, May, S, Zajdel, E, Beltran, M, Sutherland, EF, Mackey, JBG, Brice, M, Wilson, GC, Wallace, SJ, Kitto, L, Younger, NT, Dobie, R, Mole, DJ, Oniscu, GC, Wigmore, SJ, Ramachandran, P, Vallejos, CA, Carragher, NO, Saeidinejad, MM, Quaglia, A, Jalan, R, Simpson, KJ, Kendall, TJ, Rule, JA, Lee, WM, Hoare, M, Weston, CJ, Marioni, JC, Teichmann, SA, Bird, TG, Carlin, LM, Henderson, NC

المصدر: Nature. 629(630):158-165

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicin och hälsovetenskap

الوصول الحر: http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:158226172Test

المؤلفون: Muchiut, Álvaro Federico, Vaccaro, Paola, Cochatok Díaz, Silvana, Roskiewich, Romina, Horacio Passamani, Ariel, Emmanuel Sosa, Sixto, Vallejos, Belén

المصدر: Journal of neuroeducation = revista de neuroeducación = revista de neuroeducació; Vol. 3, Núm. 1 (2022); 134-146
Journal of neuroeducation = revista de neuroeducación = revista de neuroeducació; Vol 3, No 1 (2022); 134-146
10.1344/joned.v3i1

مصطلحات موضوعية: funcions executives, rúbriques, adolescents, neurodidàctica, nivell secundari, executive functions, rubrics, neurodidactics, secundary level, funciones ejecutivas, rúbricas, adolescentes, neurodidáctica, nivel secundario

الوصف: Des de l’enfocament ecològic de la neurodidàctica es presenta una experiència d’ús de rúbriques com a pràctica pedagògica per a la valoració del funcionament executiu en estudiants de nivell secundari. L’objectiu d’aquest escrit consisteix a socialitzar pràctiques docents que evidencien l’aplicabilitat de les neurociències en el saló de classes, mitjançant l’exposició d’una experiència en la qual es van integrar les aportacions de la neurodidàctica amb les estratègies utilitzades pels docents en les seves pràctiques pedagògiques. Es descriuen les estratègies implementades en els espais curriculars de Música i Educació Tecnològica, Antropologia Social i Cultural, Anglès Elemental i Història, amb adolescents de 4t i 5è any, i es presenta el rellevament de les funcions executives (FE) de memòria de treball, planificació, organització, presa de decisions i flexibilitat cognitiva en aquests espais. Els docents van fer servir mitjans audiovisuals amb guies de preguntes, lliurament de treballs pràctics, elaboració de la proposta d’indumentària representativa de la promoció de l’any, confecció de review i presa d’anotacions, com a estratègies en funció de les quals van confeccionar rúbriques amb cinc nivells d’assoliment. Es va concloure que les rúbriques van constituir un mètode d’avaluació formativa que va facilitar la retroalimentació envers l’estudiant en la construcció del coneixement, alhora que van promoure accions interdisciplinàries i transdisciplinàries entre els espais curriculars, brindant claredat en la transmissió de continguts i estimulant l’aprenentatge significatiu en reforçar els processos autorregulatoris, per als quals les FE són una peça clau. Aplicar les rúbriques per a valorar les FE es presenta, llavors, com una proposta innovadora per a ser explorada amb major profunditat en futures recerques.
From the ecological approach of neurodidactics, an experience of the use of rubrics as a pedagogical practice for the assessment of executive functioning in secondary school students is presented. The school subjects Music, ICT, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Elementary English and History have applied various strategies with adolescents of 4th and 5th year to survey the following executive functions: working memory, planning, organization, decision making and cognitive flexibility. The teachers in charge have used several activities such as audiovisual media with questionnaires, assignments, design of the graduation uniform, writing reviews and note-taking; for which five-level-achievement rubrics were implemented. To conclude, the use of rubrics offers a method of formative assessment that facilitates feedback to the student in the construction of knowledge, while providing inter and transdisciplinary actions across the school subjects. Furthermore, it yields clarity in the delivery of content and stimulates meaningful learning by reinforcing self-regulatory processes; for which the EFs are key. Applying rubrics to assess the EFs, therefore, presents us with an innovative proposal to be explored in greater depth in future research.
Desde el enfoque ecológico de la neurodidáctica, se presenta una experiencia de uso de rúbricas como práctica pedagógica para la valoración del funcionamiento ejecutivo  en estudiantes de nivel secundario. Se exponen las diferentes estrategias implementadas en los espacios curriculares de Música y Educación Tecnológica, Antropología Social y Cultural, Inglés Elemental e Historia, con adolescentes de 4° y 5° año, y el relevamiento de las funciones ejecutivas de memoria de trabajo, planificación, organización, toma de decisiones y flexibilidad cognitiva en dichos espacios. Se concluye que las rúbricas constituyen un método de evaluación formativa que facilita la retroalimentación para con el/la estudiante en la construcción del conocimiento, a la vez que promueven acciones inter y transdisciplinarias entre los espacios curriculares, brinda claridad en la transmisión de contenidos y estimulan el aprendizaje significativo reforzando los procesos autorregulatorios; para los que las FE son una pieza clave. Aplicar las rúbricas para valorar las FE se presenta entonces como  una propuesta innovadora para ser explorada con mayor profundidad en futuras investigaciones.

العلاقة: http://www.raco.cat/index.php/JONED/article/view/402782/496490Test

الوصول الحر: http://www.raco.cat/index.php/JONED/article/view/402782Test

المؤلفون: Gianluca Utzeri, José Carlos Guirado-Moreno, Tânia F. G. G. Cova, Alberto A. A. C. Pais, Luis A. E. Batista De Carvalho, Saturnino Ibeas, José M. García, Artur J. M. Valente, Saúl Vallejos

المصدر: npj Clean Water, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, TD201-500

الوصف: Abstract This study introduces reusable polyacrylic membranes, fabricated from commercially available monomers (1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and methylmethacrylate), as a promising approach for pesticide extraction. These membranes effectively remove the commonly used herbicides mecoprop (RE ≈ 99%) and bentazon (RE ≈ 95%) at low concentrations, which pose water contamination risks due to their water-soluble properties and leaf-level sorption. The membranes exhibit excellent manageability and resistance, allowing for safe handling without personal protective equipment. Additionally, the material is environmentally friendly and can be washed and reused for at least 4 cycles without a significant decrease in performance. Characterization techniques, including NMR, TGA, DSC, mechanical testing, N2 adsorption, and FTIR analysis, were used to investigate properties and assess the influence of the polymeric composition. The study focused on examining the lateral charged aminoethyl groups, which play a crucial role in sorbent-sorbate interactions. Sorption kinetics, isotherms, and permeation studies provided insights into the removal mechanism, efficiency, and permeability coefficients, revealing hydrophobic–hydrophobic interactions between the pesticides and the polymer. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed a scorpion-like conformation of the macromolecular chains surrounding the pesticides. These findings support the hydrophobic nature of the extraction mechanism and highlight the significant role of charged aminoethyl groups in facilitating this process.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2059-7037Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/73048359f94a4e999c943c63b45b89d6Test