المؤلفون: Nelson, Michelle R., Cook, Kirby

المصدر: Journal of Advertising; Jun/Jul2024, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p307-325, 19p

مصطلحات موضوعية: OLDER people, USER-centered system design, VISUAL acuity, CONSUMERS, GOVERNMENT policy

مستخلص: Inclusive design considers usability first: to design with the needs of everyone to decrease the mismatch between the end-user and the design object. In advertising, the mismatch may be in the opportunity to process an advertisement due to design strategies (i.e., executional ad cues). Based on the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability model of information processing, we focus on legibility as an important but underexplored encoding issue that can enhance consumers' opportunity to process ads based on visual clarity and lead to perceptual fluency effects. Visual acuity declines with age, so legibility is particularly important for older adults and those with vision loss. In line with recommended accessibility guidelines, we manipulated two advertising design factors believed to impact legibility—color contrast and font style—in the supers of a video advertisement for a pharmaceutical drug and tested the communication outcomes (cognition, persuasion). Across three studies with three different-aged populations, we show that legibility was positively related to awareness of information in the supers and to positive perceptions of the advertisement. In line with accessibility guidelines, legibility was rated the highest for most people in the high-color contrast sans serif font supers. Implications for theory, accessibility and older people, and public policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Fröhlich, Arkadiusz^1,2 (AUTHOR) arkfrohlich@gmail.com, Ducatez, Simon³ (AUTHOR), Neˇmec, Pavel⁴ (AUTHOR), Sol, Daniel^5,6 (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Evolution. Jul2024, Vol. 78 Issue 7, p1237-1247. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PROCESS capability, *VISUAL acuity, *SENSE organs, *FOCAL length, *VISION, *AVIAN anatomy

مستخلص: Despite vision being an essential sense for many animals, the intuitively appealing notion that the visual system has been shaped by environmental light conditions is backed by insufficient evidence. Based on a comprehensive phylogenetic comparative analysis of birds, we investigate if exposure to different light conditions might have triggered evolutionary divergence in the visual system through pressures on light sensitivity, visual acuity, and neural processing capacity. Our analyses suggest that birds that have adopted nocturnal habits evolved eyes with larger corneal diameters and, to a lesser extent, longer axial length than diurnal species. However, we found no evidence that sensing and processing organs were selected together, as observed in diurnal birds. Rather than enlarging the processing centers, we found a tendency among nocturnal species to either reduce or maintain the size of the two main brain centers involved in vision—the optic tectum and the wulst. These results suggest a mosaic pattern of evolution, wherein optimization of the eye optics for efficient light capture in nocturnal species may have compromised visual acuity and central processing capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Steptoe, Paul J.^1,2 (AUTHOR) paul.steptoe@nhslothian.scot.nhs.uk, Pearce, Ian³ (AUTHOR), Beare, Nicholas A.V.^3,4 (AUTHOR), Sreekantham, Sreekanth⁵ (AUTHOR), Mohammed, Bashar R.⁵ (AUTHOR), Barry, Robert J.^5,6 (AUTHOR), Denniston, Alastair K.^7,8,9 (AUTHOR), Murray, Philip I.^5,7 (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Ocular Immunology & Inflammation. Jul2024, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p683-689. 7p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TREATMENT effectiveness, *VISUAL acuity, *PIGMENTS, *UVEITIS, *RETINAL blood vessels

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: To assess the efficacy of treatment on acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) and relentless placoid chorioretinopathy (RPC). Cases were identified from three UK uveitis centers. Retrospective analysis of visual acuity recovery; OCT structural outcomes; and retinal lesion quantification in observed and treated cases of APMPPE/RPC. There were nine APMPPE and three RPC cases. Out of 12 patients, six were female. Median age: 26.5 years (range, 20–57 years). Four cases (six eyes) were observed, and eight cases (15 eyes) received corticosteroids ± immunosuppression. 4/4 observed and 6/10 treated foveal involving eyes regained 0.00 LogMAR vision. Observed lesions achieved more favorable anatomical outcomes. New lesions post-presentation developed in 1/6 (16%) observed eye versus 10/15 (66%) treated eyes. In three cases, a delayed, rebound lesion occurrence was observed post-high-dose corticosteroids. While subject to potential treatment bias, in this small case series, natural history alone appears non-inferior to corticosteroid treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Oshika, Tetsuro¹ (AUTHOR) oshika@eye.ac, Nishina, Sachiko¹ (AUTHOR) nishina-s@ncchd.go.jp, Unoki, Noriyuki¹ (AUTHOR) nunoki@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp, Miyagi, Mai¹ (AUTHOR) f2_al_14@yahoo.co.jp, Nomura, Koji¹ (AUTHOR) k_nomura@maia.eonet.ne.jp, Mori, Takafumi¹ (AUTHOR) t-mori@fmu.ac.jp, Matsuki, Naoko¹ (AUTHOR) n-matsuki@ks.kyorin-u.ac.jp, Endo, Takao¹ (AUTHOR) mm1016et@gmail.com, Kurosaka, Daijiro¹ (AUTHOR) kurosaka@iwate-med.ac.jp, Negishi, Kazuno¹ (AUTHOR) kazunonegishi@keio.jp, Yoshida, Shigeo¹ (AUTHOR) yoshi@med.kurume-u.ac.jp, Nagamoto, Toshiyuki¹ (AUTHOR) nagamoto@qc4.so-net.ne.jp

المصدر: Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery. Jul2024, Vol. 50 Issue 7, p707-712. 6p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CATARACT surgery, *VISUAL acuity, *PHACOEMULSIFICATION, *MULTIPLE regression analysis, *FILTERING surgery, *OPERATIVE surgery, *SURGICAL site

مصطلحات جغرافية: JAPAN

مستخلص: In patients with genuine congenital cataract, undergoing surgery with IOL within the critical period of visual development led to better final visual acuity. Purpose: To investigate the long-term outcomes of congenital cataract surgery performed within the first 6 months of life. Setting: 11 ophthalmic surgical sites in Japan. Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed for 216 eyes of 121 patients. The age at surgery was 2.9 ± 1.7 months, with follow-up duration 13.0 ± 2.3 years. The cohort consisted of 83 cases with bilateral aphakia, 12 with bilateral pseudophakia, 20 with unilateral aphakia, and 6 with unilateral pseudophakia. Results: Surgical intervention within the critical period of visual system development (10 weeks for bilateral and 6 weeks for unilateral cases) led to significantly better final visual acuity than surgery conducted after this time frame. The incidence of secondary glaucoma was similar between groups while the occurrence of visual axis opacification was more frequent with earlier surgery. A forward stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the final visual acuity was significantly associated with laterality of cataract (better outcomes in bilateral cases), phakic status (with pseudophakia outperforming aphakia), presence of systemic and ocular comorbidities, and development of secondary glaucoma. Secondary glaucoma was significantly more prevalent in aphakic eyes than pseudophakic eyes. Conclusions: In patients with genuine congenital cataract, surgery within the critical period of visual development results in better final visual acuity, albeit with an increased risk of visual axis opacification. The use of IOL with sophisticated surgical techniques shows promise even in congenital cataract surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Kadhum, Aveen¹ (AUTHOR) a.kadhum@erasmusmc.nl, Tan, Emily T. C.¹ (AUTHOR), Wenner, Yaroslava² (AUTHOR), Joosse, Maurits V.³ (AUTHOR), Loudon, Sjoukje E.¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics. Jul2024, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p945-953. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *AMBLYOPIA, *VISUAL acuity, *ANISOMETROPIA, *VIRTUAL reality, *ASTIGMATISM

مستخلص: Purpose: The improvement in visual acuity (VA) was determined during optical treatment in children with amblyopia before their participation in a randomised clinical trial comparing the effect of dichoptic video gaming using virtual reality goggles with occlusion therapy. Methods: Children aged 4–12 years with an interocular VA difference ≥0.20 logMAR and an amblyogenic factor: strabismus <30Δ, ≥1.00 D anisometropia, astigmatism ≥1.50 D and/or hypermetropia ≥1.50 D were eligible for 16 weeks of optical treatment. Children with previous amblyopia treatment were excluded. Compliance with spectacle wear was measured electronically over 1 week using the occlusion dose monitor (ODM). The reliability of these measurements was verified. The main outcome was an increase in amblyopic eye VA from baseline to 16 weeks. Results: Sixty‐five children entered the optical treatment period. Mean age was 6.0 ± 2.2 years (range: 4–12 years; IQR 4.5–6.7 years). Amblyopia was caused by anisometropia in 53 (82%) children, strabismus in 6 (9%) and combined mechanism in 6 (9%). After optical treatment, mean VA improved by 0.20 logMAR (SD 0.28; p < 0.001) and 0.07 in the amblyopic and fellow eye, respectively (SD 0.20; p = 0.03). This resulted in 24 children (37%) with an interocular VA difference <0.20 logMAR and in 17% of children with VA at the start of 0.30 logMAR or worse. Poor VA in the amblyopic eye at baseline (p = 0.001) and high anisometropia (p = 0.001) were associated with VA improvement. On average, spectacles were worn 9.7 ± 2.4 h/day (range: 2.3–13.6 h); mean compliance was 73% ± 18% of estimated wake time. Only ambient temperature ≥ 31°C or when spectacles were worn on top of the head prevented a reliable ODM measurement. Conclusions: VA improved by two lines resulting in more than a third of the children being treated sufficiently with spectacles alone and no longer being classified as amblyopic. The ODM proved to be a reliable method of measuring compliance with spectacle wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Rinita R.¹, Veeralakshmanan S.¹, Gopal, Biju², R., Hannah Shiny³, A., Arsha Ressal S.¹

المصدر: Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research (Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research). 2024, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p1179-1187. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PATIENT satisfaction, *VISUAL acuity, *CONTRAST sensitivity (Vision), *INTRAOCULAR lenses, *PHACOEMULSIFICATION, *CATARACT surgery

مستخلص: Introduction: Cataract surgery has undergone significant evolution, offering patients not only the restoration of visual acuity but also the potential for reduced dependence on corrective eyewear and improved quality of life. The introduction of multifocal IOLs has revolutionized cataract surgery by addressing the visual needs of patients with presbyopia and providing functional vision at varying distances. However, concerns regarding compromised visual quality and increased incidence of visual disturbances have prompted the need for comprehensive evaluation and analysis of multifocal IOLs' efficacy and safety. Materials and Methods: This prospective study evaluated visual outcomes, patient satisfaction, and complications associated with multifocal IOL implantation in 30 patients (19 males, 11 females) aged 55 to 80 years. Preoperative assessments included visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and ocular examination. Standard small incision phacoemulsification was performed, followed by multifocal IOL implantation. Postoperative assessments were conducted at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and complication monitoring. Results: The study demonstrated significant improvements in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity postoperatively, with high levels of patient satisfaction reported across various criteria. Postoperative complications, including posterior capsular opacification, glare, halos, and dry eyes, were observed in a minority of patients. Conclusion: This study underscores the positive impact of multifocal IOL implantation on visual outcomes and patient satisfaction in cataract surgery. Despite acknowledged limitations, the findings support the efficacy of multifocal IOLs and advocate for their broader adoption in ophthalmic practice, emphasizing the importance of refining outcomes and enhancing patient satisfaction in cataract surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Deodato, Michele¹ (AUTHOR) deodato.mic@gmail.com, Ronconi, Luca^2,3 (AUTHOR), Melcher, David^1,4 (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Schizophrenia Research. Jul2024, Vol. 269, p1-8. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *VISUAL acuity, *ALPHA rhythm, *STIMULUS & response (Psychology), *VISUAL perception, *PERSONALITY questionnaires, *TIME perception

مستخلص: One of the main tasks of the human visual system is to organize the temporal flow of visual events into meaningful patterns. It has been suggested that segregation/integration of continuous visual stimuli relies on temporal windows that are phase-locked to brain oscillations in the alpha frequency range (~10 Hz). From a behavioral point of view, the balance between integration and segregation is reflected in visual temporal acuity: the ability to perceive a small temporal gap between two identical stimuli. Disruption of this balance may lead to impairment of perceptual organization processes. Notably, schizophrenia, a condition characterized by unusual perceptual experiences, has been associated with abnormal temporal processing of sensory stimuli and aberrant oscillations. We asked a large cohort of healthy participants to complete an online version of the two-flash fusion task and two questionnaires for schizotypal personality traits to investigate individual differences in the temporal resolution of perception, particularly its relationship with anomalous perceptual experiences. We found that two-flash discrimination acuity declines with age and that schizotypal traits are associated with better performances. Although this association was strong for perceptual and cognitive subscales, we found that this result could not be attributed to response biases (e.g., hallucination of two flashes). While these results appear to contrast with findings of slower alpha rhythms and sensory processing in schizotypy, we propose that a faster visual rate could be the consequence of an oscillopathy or a disconnection between different sensory modalities and their physiological pacemaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Asensio-Jurado, Laura^1,2,3 (AUTHOR) laura.asensio@upc.edu, Argilés, Marc^1,2 (AUTHOR), Quevedo-Junyent, Lluïsa² (AUTHOR), Mestre, Clara¹ (AUTHOR), Levi, Dennis M.⁴ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: PLoS ONE. 6/25/2024, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1-14. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *VISION, *VISUAL acuity, *AMBLYOPIA, *NEURODIVERSITY, *DEPTH perception, *PILOT projects

مستخلص: Purpose: The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether viewing an immersive 3D movie with large disparities in a cinema resulted in improved visual acuity (VA), stereoscopic depth perception (ST), and improved eye alignment in residual amblyopic children and children without amblyopia. Methods: A total of 24 children aged between 5 and 12 years with a history of anisometropic and/or strabismic amblyopia, that had been previously treated and who currently have residual amblyopia (N = 14), and in children with typical development without amblyopia (N = 10) viewed the movie in 3D Sing 2 in a cinema for 110 minutes. Visual acuity, stereoacuity and ocular deviation were assessed before viewing the movie, and three months later. Stereoacuity and ocular deviation were also measured immediately after viewing the movie. Results: We observed an improvement in visual acuity in the non-dominant (amblyopic) eye 3 months after viewing the movie in the amblyopic group (P<0.001). Stereopsis improved immediately after viewing the movie (P = 0.02), and after 3 months by ≈ 40% (P = 0.01). Moreover, improvements in stereopsis were also observed in children without amblyopia (P = 0.04). No significant changes in ocular deviation were observed in either group. Conclusions: These pilot results suggest that brief exposure to large disparities by viewing a 3D movie in a cinema can help to improve stereopsis and visual acuity in children aged 5‒12 years with previously treated amblyopia, and provide a rationale for a randomized clinical trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Sittivarakul, Wantanee¹ (AUTHOR) wantanee.s@psu.ac.th, Treerutpun, Wanitcha¹ (AUTHOR), Tungsattayathitthan, Usanee¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 6/6/2024, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p1-19. 19p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *VISUAL acuity, *VISION disorders, *TOXOPLASMOSIS, *THAI people, *IMMUNOCOMPROMISED patients, *IRIDOCYCLITIS

مستخلص: Background: Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is the most common cause of infectious uveitis worldwide, including Thailand. This study describes the clinical presentation, visual acuity (VA) outcomes, and factors associated with VA loss in patients with active OT following antiparasitic treatment. Methodology/Principal findings: A retrospective chart review of patients with active OT treated with antiparasitic drugs between 2010 and 2020 was performed. Outcome measures included clinical characteristics, interval VA, and predictive factors associated with loss of VA ≤ 20/50 at 6 months post-treatment. Ninety-two patients (95 eyes) were enrolled. The median follow-up time was 10.9 months (IQR 4.9–31.8 months). The median age at presentation was 35.9 years, 51% were male, and 92.4% had unilateral OT. Eleven patients (12%) were immunocompromised (HIV infection, eight patients; receiving immunosuppressive agents, three patients). Patients mainly presented with primary retinitis without previous scar (62%), posterior pole lesion (56%), and lesion size of ≤ 2–disc area (75%). Immunocompromised patients showed a significantly larger size of retinitis than immunocompetent patients. Oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole monotherapy was the primary short-term antiparasitic drug prescribed (85%). At the final visit, 21% of all affected eyes suffered VA ≤ 20/200. The cumulative incidence of recurrent OT at three years was 33.9% (95% CI, 19.7%–54.2%). Immunocompromised patients [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.9, p = 0.041], macular lesion (aOR 5.4, p = 0.032), and initial VA ≤ 20/200 (aOR 9.1, p = 0.014) were predictive of having VA ≤ 20/50 at 6 months post-treatment. Conclusions: Ocular toxoplasmosis mainly presents as unilateral primary retinitis within the posterior pole. Severe VA loss was observed in one-fifth of eyes following treatment with lesion resolution. Immunocompromised patients, eyes with macular lesions, and poor initial VA were associated with poor VA outcomes. Author summary: Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is the most common cause of infectious uveitis worldwide, including Thailand. Vision loss is common despite receiving antiparasitic treatment because of the development of ocular complications. Little is known about the Thai population's demographics, clinical presentations, and visual outcomes. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine the clinical presentation and visual acuity outcomes of this group of patients, including both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, at the largest tertiary center in southern Thailand. Patients with active OT in our cohort mainly presented with unilateral, focal retinitis without associated scar, and central lesions. Our findings support those of previous studies, in which immunocompromised patients exhibited significantly larger lesion sizes with poorer visual acuity recovery than immunocompetent patients. A significant proportion (21%) of all affected eyes showed severe vision loss following antiparasitic treatment, in which oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole monotherapy was mainly used. Education on Toxoplasma gondii infection and transmission should be provided to communities to decrease the risk of infection and ocular toxoplasmosis disease burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Samanta, Anindya¹ (AUTHOR) anindya.j.samanta@gmail.com, Santineau, Kaitlyn² (AUTHOR), Park, Alexander² (AUTHOR), Nguyen, Dang² (AUTHOR), Kim Cavdar, Irina² (AUTHOR), Nelson, Patricia³ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Telemedicine & e-Health. Jun2024, Vol. 30 Issue 6, pe1606-e1614. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *VISUAL acuity, *VISION, *PERSONAL computers, *MOBILE apps, *PSEUDOPOTENTIAL method

مستخلص: Introduction:The ability to measure a patient's visual acuity at home (HVA) is by far the most desired remote telemedicine capability sought by ophthalmologists. Methods:A systematic literature review was done using Pubmed to search for publications from 2010 to 2022 in English reporting on 10 studies that compared a patient's HVA to the clinic visual acuity (CVA). Results:Approaches to measuring HVA included using a phone-based application, a physical chart, a computer, and a website. The most accurate of these was the use of personal computers (COMPlog, Macustat, Web based test) at home with a bias of 1 letter. The most accessible and reliable was the use of a printable visual acuity chart, available in the public domain, which had adifference between HVA and CVA of 1 to 3.5 letters. Phone apps (Verana Vision) and stand-alone websites (Farsight.com) both had a greater mean difference of about 6 letters, respectively,with a moderate correlation coefficient. Discussion:Overall, all three methodologies demonstrated a good negative predictive value demonstrating their potential use as an effective screening tool to flag drastic vision decline between clinic visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]