المؤلفون: Ciocca, Matteo¹ (AUTHOR) m.ciocca20@imperial.ac.uk, Jameel, Ayesha² (AUTHOR), Yousif, Nada³ (AUTHOR), Patel, Neekhil¹ (AUTHOR), Smith, Joely⁴ (AUTHOR), Akgun, Sena² (AUTHOR), Jones, Brynmor² (AUTHOR), Gedroyc, Wlayslaw² (AUTHOR), Nandi, Dipankar¹ (AUTHOR), Tai, Yen¹ (AUTHOR), Seemungal, Barry M.¹ (AUTHOR) b.seemungal@imperial.ac.uk, Bain, Peter¹ (AUTHOR) p.bain@imperial.ac.uk

المصدر: Annals of Neurology. Jul2024, Vol. 96 Issue 1, p121-132. 12p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *VECTION, *VESTIBULAR stimulation, *LARGE-scale brain networks, *NEUROLOGICAL disorders, *SONICATION, *TREMOR

مستخلص: Objective: Brain networks mediating vestibular perception of self‐motion overlap with those mediating balance. A systematic mapping of vestibular perceptual pathways in the thalamus may reveal new brain modulation targets for improving balance in neurological conditions. Methods: Here, we systematically report how magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound surgery of the nucleus ventralis intermedius of the thalamus commonly evokes transient patient‐reported illusions of self‐motion. In 46 consecutive patients, we linked the descriptions of self‐motion to sonication power and 3‐dimensional (3D) coordinates of sonication targets. Target coordinates were normalized using a standard atlas, and a 3D model of the nucleus ventralis intermedius and adjacent structures was created to link sonication target to the illusion. Results: A total of 63% of patients reported illusions of self‐motion, which were more likely with increased sonication power and with targets located more inferiorly along the rostrocaudal axis. Higher power and more inferiorly targeted sonications increased the likelihood of experiencing illusions of self‐motion by 4 and 2 times, respectively (odds ratios = 4.03 for power, 2.098 for location). Interpretation: The phenomenon of magnetic vestibular stimulation is the most plausible explanation for these illusions of self‐motion. Temporary unilateral modulation of vestibular pathways (via magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound) unveils the central adaptation to the magnetic field‐induced peripheral vestibular bias, leading to an explicable illusion of motion. Consequently, systematic mapping of vestibular perceptual pathways via magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound may reveal new intracerebral targets for improving balance in neurological conditions. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:121–132 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Yagi, Chihiro¹ (AUTHOR), Kimura, Akira¹ (AUTHOR), Horii, Arata¹ (AUTHOR) ahorii@med.niigata-u.ac.jp

المصدر: Auris Nasus Larynx. Jun2024, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p588-598. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *VECTION, *SEROTONIN syndrome, *COGNITIVE therapy, *SEROTONIN uptake inhibitors, *MOTION sickness, *DIZZINESS, *VISUAL perception, *BIPEDALISM

مستخلص: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a functional neuro-otologic disorder that is the most frequent cause of chronic vestibular syndrome. The core vestibular symptoms include dizziness, unsteadiness, and non-spinning vertigo, which are exacerbated by an upright posture or walking, active or passive motion, and exposure to moving or complex visual stimuli. PPPD is mostly precipitated by acute or episodic vestibular diseases; however, its symptoms cannot be accounted for by its precipitants. PPPD is not a diagnosis of exclusion, but may coexist with other structural diseases. Thus, when diagnosing PPPD, the patient's symptoms must be explained by PPPD alone or by PPPD in combination with a structural illness. PPPD is most frequently observed at approximately 50 years of age, with a female predominance. Conventional vestibular tests do not reveal any specific signs of PPPD. However, the head roll-tilt subjective visual vertical test and gaze stability test after exposure to moving visual stimuli may detect the characteristic features of PPPD, that is, somatosensory- and visually-dependent spatial orientation, respectively. Therefore, these tests could be used as diagnostic tools for PPPD. Regarding the pathophysiology of PPPD, neuroimaging studies suggest shifts in interactions among visuo-vestibular, sensorimotor, and emotional networks, where visual inputs dominate over vestibular inputs. Postural control also shifts, leading to the stiffening of the lower body. To treat PPPD, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, vestibular rehabilitation, and cognitive behavioral therapy are used alone or in combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Storm, Renana¹ (AUTHOR), Krause, Janina^1,2 (AUTHOR), Blüm, Smila-Karlotta^1,2 (AUTHOR), Wrobel, Viktoria¹ (AUTHOR), Frings, Antonia¹ (AUTHOR), Helmchen, Christoph^1,3 (AUTHOR) christoph.helmchen@uni-luebeck.de, Sprenger, Andreas^1,2,3 (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Journal of Neurology. Jun2024, Vol. 271 Issue 6, p3227-3238. 12p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *VECTION, *VISUAL perception, *THRESHOLD (Perception), *VESTIBULAR function tests, *VESTIBULAR stimulation, *DIZZINESS

مستخلص: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic disorder of perceived unsteadiness. Symptoms can be exacerbated in visually complex stationary or moving environment. Visual dependence and increased motion sensitivity are predictors for PPPD but its pathophysiology remains unknown. We hypothesized an abnormal sensory–perceptual scaling mechanism in PPPD and tested visual- and vestibular perceptional thresholds in 32 patients and 28 age-matched healthy control subjects (HC). All participants showed normal vestibular function tests on quantitative testing. Visual motion coherence thresholds were assessed by random dot kinetomatograms. Vestibular perceptional thresholds of egomotion were assessed by binaural galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) and passive chair rotation around an earth-vertical axis. Chair rotation trials were contrasted with no-motion (sham) stimulus trials. Mean thresholds of visual motion perception were higher in patients compared to HC. The perception threshold of GVS was lower in patients but the threshold of correctly perceived egomotion during chair rotation did not differ. Interestingly, the number of trials with correct perception in the no-motion condition increased with the threshold of correct responses for rotatory egomotion in patients. Unlike expected, PPPD patients required more coherently moving random dots than HC to perceive visual motion. A poorer complex visual motion recognition, e.g., traffic visual stimuli, may increase anxiety and levels of uncertainty as visuomotor reactions might occur delayed. The vestibular rotatory perception threshold predicted the probability of making false assignments in the sham condition in PPPD, i.e., patients who readily recognize the correct egomotion direction are prone to perceive egomotion in the no-motion condition. As this relation was not found in healthy subjects, it may reflect an abnormal sensory–perceptual scaling feature of PPPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Hacohen-Brown, Shira¹ (AUTHOR), Gilboa-Schechtman, Eva^1,2 (AUTHOR), Zaidel, Adam¹ (AUTHOR) adam.zaidel@biu.ac.il

المصدر: BMC Biology. 5/23/2024, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p1-14. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *VECTION, *EMOTIONAL conditioning, *VISUAL perception, *OPTICAL flow, *AUDITORY perception, *INDIVIDUAL differences, *STIMULUS & response (Psychology)

مستخلص: Background: Threat and individual differences in threat-processing bias perception of stimuli in the environment. Yet, their effect on perception of one's own (body-based) self-motion in space is unknown. Here, we tested the effects of threat on self-motion perception using a multisensory motion simulator with concurrent threatening or neutral auditory stimuli. Results: Strikingly, threat had opposite effects on vestibular and visual self-motion perception, leading to overestimation of vestibular, but underestimation of visual self-motions. Trait anxiety tended to be associated with an enhanced effect of threat on estimates of self-motion for both modalities. Conclusions: Enhanced vestibular perception under threat might stem from shared neural substrates with emotional processing, whereas diminished visual self-motion perception may indicate that a threatening stimulus diverts attention away from optic flow integration. Thus, threat induces modality-specific biases in everyday experiences of self-motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Huang, Ling^1,2,3 (AUTHOR) 2018022906@m.scnu.edu.cn, Chen, Yu² (AUTHOR), Shen, Shiqi^1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Ye, Haoxian² (AUTHOR), Ou, Shipei² (AUTHOR), Zhang, Xilin^1,2,3,4,5 (AUTHOR) xlzhang@m.scnu.edu.cn

المصدر: Current Psychology. Nov2023, Vol. 42 Issue 31, p27388-27400. 13p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: MASKING (Psychology), VECTION, AWARENESS, FEMALES

مستخلص: Although attention can be directed at certain objects, how object-based attention spreads within an object and whether this spread interacts with awareness remain unclear. Using a modified spatial cuing paradigm with backward masking, we addressed these issues with either visible or invisible displays presenting the real (Experiment 1) and illusory (Experiment 2) U-shaped objects (UOs), whose ends and middles, the possible locations of the cue and target, have iso-eccentric distances from the fixation. These equidistant ends and middles of UOs offered us a unique opportunity to examine whether attention gradually spreads within a given object, i.e., within an UO, attention spreads from its cued-end to uncued-end via the uncued-middle. Despite the visibility (visible or invisible) of UOs, both experiments supported this gradual spread manner by showing a faster response of human participants (male and female) to the target in the uncued-middle than that in the uncued-end. Our results thus indicate a gradual spread of object-based attention and further reveal that this gradual spread is independent of both the "visual objectness" (whether the object is defined as the real or illusory boundaries) and conscious access to objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Kooijman, Lars¹ (AUTHOR) kooijman.l@outlook.com, Berti, Stefan² (AUTHOR), Asadi, Houshyar¹ (AUTHOR), Nahavandi, Saeid^1,3 (AUTHOR), Keshavarz, Behrang^4,5 (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Behavior Research Methods. Mar2024, Vol. 56 Issue 3, p2292-2310. 19p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *VECTION, *MAGNITUDE estimation, *EVALUATION methodology, *RESEARCH personnel, *SENSES

مستخلص: The sensation of self-motion in the absence of physical motion, known as vection, has been scientifically investigated for over a century. As objective measures of, or physiological correlates to, vection have yet to emerge, researchers have typically employed a variety of subjective methods to quantify the phenomenon of vection. These measures can be broadly categorized into the occurrence of vection (e.g., binary choice yes/no), temporal characteristics of vection (e.g., onset time/latency, duration), the quality of the vection experience (e.g., intensity rating scales, magnitude estimation), or indirect (e.g., distance travelled) measures. The present review provides an overview and critical evaluation of the most utilized vection measures to date and assesses their respective merit. Furthermore, recommendations for the selection of the most appropriate vection measures will be provided to assist with the process of vection research and to help improve the comparability of research findings across different vection studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Uesaki, Maiko^1,2,3 (AUTHOR) uesaki@nict.go.jp, Biswas, Arnab^3,4 (AUTHOR), Ashida, Hiroshi⁵ (AUTHOR) ashida@psy.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp, Maus, Gerrit³ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: i-Perception. Mar/Apr2024, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p1-9. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *OPTICAL illusions, *VECTION, *SNAKES, *MOTION

مستخلص: The Rotating Snakes illusion is a visual illusion where a stationary image elicits a compelling sense of anomalous motion. There have been recurring albeit anecdotal claims that the perception of illusory motion is more salient when the image consists of patterns with the combination of blue and yellow; however, there is limited empirical evidence that supports those claims. In the present study, we aimed to assess whether the Rotating Snakes illusion is more salient in its blue-yellow variation, compared to red-green and greyscale variations when the luminance of corresponding elements within the patterns were equated. Using the cancellation method, we found that the velocity required to establish perceptual stationarity was indeed greater for the stimulus composed of patterns with a blue-yellow combination than the other two variants. Our findings provide, for the first time, empirical evidence that the presence of colour affects the magnitude of illusion in the Rotating Snakes illusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Kéri, Szabolcs^1,2 (AUTHOR) keri.szabolcs.gyula@med.u-szeged.hu, Kelemen, Oguz^3,4 (AUTHOR) kelemen.oguz@med.u-szeged.hu

المصدر: Pediatric Reports. Mar2024, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p88-99. 12p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *FORM perception, *VECTION, *PSYCHOSOCIAL functioning, *PSYCHOSES, *SCHIZOPHRENIA, *DELUSIONS, *SOCIOECONOMIC status

مستخلص: (1) Background: Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is a rare type of psychotic disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, grossly disorganized behavior, and poor psychosocial functioning. The etiology of COS is unknown, but neurodevelopmental factors are likely to play a critical role. A potential neurodevelopmental anomaly marker is the dorsal visual system dysfunction, which is implicated in motion perception, spatial functions, and attention. (2) Methods: To elucidate the role of the dorsal visual system in COS, we investigated 21 patients with COS and 21 control participants matched for age, sex, education, IQ, and parental socioeconomic status. Participants completed a motion and form coherence task, during which one assesses an individual's ability to detect the direction of motion within a field of moving elements or dots and to recognize a meaningful form or object from a set of fragmented or disconnected visual elements, respectively. (3) Results: The patients with COS were impaired in both visual tasks compared to the control participants, but the evidence for the deficit was more substantial for motion perception than for form perception (form: BF10 = 27.22; motion: BF10 = 6.97 × 106). (4) Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of dorsal visual stream vulnerability in COS, a potential marker of neurodevelopmental anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Nakamura, Shinji¹ (AUTHOR) shinji@n-fukushi.ac.jp

المصدر: Multisensory Research. 2024, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p163-184. 22p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *VISUAL perception, *VECTION, *STIMULUS & response (Psychology)

مستخلص: The current investigation examined whether visual motion without continuous visual displacement could effectively induce self-motion perception (vection). Four-stroke apparent motions (4SAM) were employed in the experiments as visual inducers. The 4SAM pattern contained luminance-defined motion energy equivalent to the real motion pattern, and the participants perceived unidirectional motion according to the motion energy but without displacements (the visual elements flickered on the spot). The experiments revealed that the 4SAM stimulus could effectively induce vection in the horizontal, expanding, or rotational directions, although its strength was significantly weaker than that induced by the real-motion stimulus. This result suggests that visual displacement is not essential, and the luminance-defined motion energy and/or the resulting perceived motion of the visual inducer would be sufficient for inducing visual self-motion perception. Conversely, when the 4SAM and real-motion patterns were presented simultaneously, self-motion perception was mainly determined in accordance with real motion, suggesting that the real-motion stimulus is a predominant determinant of vection. These research outcomes may be worthy of considering the perceptual and neurological mechanisms underlying self-motion perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Lee, Mincheol¹ (AUTHOR), Chong, Sang Chul^2,3 (AUTHOR) scchong@yonsei.ac.kr

المصدر: Attention, Perception & Psychophysics. Feb2024, Vol. 86 Issue 2, p666-679. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *FACIAL expression, *VECTION

مستخلص: Ensemble perception allows our visual system to process large amounts of information efficiently by summarizing its statistical properties. A key aspect of ensemble perception is the devaluation of outlying elements, which leads to more informative summary statistics with reduced variance and a more representative mean. However, the mechanisms underlying this outlier rejection process are not well understood. One possibility is that outliers are selectively excluded before summarization. To test this, we investigated whether only weaker items were excluded from averaging. We manipulated the encoding strength of items in a display by changing the emotional intensities of faces, the spatial location of emotional outliers, and the spatial distribution of emotional faces. We found that the response to outliers varied depending on their location. Specifically, outliers were more likely to be excluded from averaging when presented in more peripheral regions, while their exclusion was partial in parafoveal regions. In other words, outlier rejection in ensemble processing is more flexible than the supposed rigid designation of weighting against outliers. Alternatively, the results fit well with hierarchically structured pooling, during which outliers are discounted more dynamically without positing any separate selective mechanism before summarization. We propose an explanation for outlier rejection in light of a recently proposed population response model of ensemble processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]