المؤلفون: Lucas-Sánchez, Marcel

المساهمون: University/Department: Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida

مرشدي الرسالة: Comas, David

المصدر: TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)

مصطلحات موضوعية: North Africa, Human genome, Functional variation, Whole exome sequencing, Trans-Saharan gene flow, Àfrica del Nord, Genoma humà, Variació funcional, Exomes complets, Migracions trans-Saharianes

الوصف: Since the origins of humankind, North Africa has been involved in many demographic events, leading to a heterogeneous cultural and genetic landscape. However, it is largely underrepresented in genetic studies, and many questions remain unanswered. This thesis presents an in-depth genetic characterization (from hundreds of thousands genome-wide markers to whole-exome analyses) of different North African groups, considering cultural identity and focusing on functional variation. The analyses reveal genetic differences between groups potentially related to important socio-cultural demographic events. An important impact of recent demography in the genomes of these populations is shown, with changes in the distribution of biomedically relevant variation suggesting a decrease of purifying selection efficacy. This thesis also presents a detailed study of the genetic influence of trans-Saharan migrations in current-day North Africa, linking them to recent multi-origin slave-trade. These studies advance in the exploration of North Africa's genetic landscape and its relationship with demography, and stress the need for more data to achieve a complete view of these matters.

الوصف (مترجم): Des dels orígens de la humanitat, el Nord d’Àfrica ha estat l’escenari de nombrosos esdeveniments demogràfics, creant un escenari d’alta heterogeneïtat genètica i cultural. Malgrat això, la majoria d’estudis genètics ignoren el Nord d’Àfrica, i moltes preguntes segueixen obertes. Aquesta tesi presenta una caracterització genètica exhaustiva (analitzant des de cententars de milers de marcadors genòmics fins a exomes complets) de diverses poblacions nord-africanes, tenint en compte la seva identitat cultural i amb especial atenció a la variació funcional. Els anàlisis mostren diferències genètiques entre grups potencialment relacionades amb importants esdeveniments demogràfics i socioculturals. Revelen un impacte important de la demografia recent, amb canvis en la distribució de variants amb rellevància biomèdica, suggerint una menor eficàcia de la selecció purificadora. Aquesta tesi també presenta un estudi detallat de la influència genètica en poblacions nord-africanes actuals de les migracions trans-Saharianes, relacionant-les amb el tràfic d’esclaus recent amb múltiples orígens. Aquests estudis representen un avenç en l’exploració del paisatge genètic del Nord d’Àfrica i la seva relació amb la demografia, i posen de manifest la necessitat d’augmentar les dades disponibles per tenir-ne una visió completa.
Programa de Doctorat en Biomedicina

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/689031Test

المؤلفون: Landa-Gómez, Noemí¹, Barragán-Vázquez, Sofia², Salazar-Piña, Azucena², Olvera-Mayorga, Gabriela¹, Méndez Gómez-Humarán, Ignacio³, Carriquiry, Alicia⁴, Da Silva Gomes, Fabio⁵, Ramírez-Silva, Ivonne¹ ciramir@insp.mx

المصدر: Salud Pública de México. may/jun2024, Vol. 66 Issue 3, p256-266. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: TRANS fatty acids, MEXICANS, FATTY acids, NUTRITION surveys, HEALTH surveys

مصطلحات جغرافية: MEXICO (Mexico : State)

الشركة/الكيان: IOWA State University

الملخص (بالإنجليزية): Objective. To estimate usual intake and the prevalence of excessive intake (PE) and insufficient intake (PI) of trans fatty acids (FAs) and other dietary FAs in the Mexican adult population in 2012 and 2016, and to compare these time points. Materials and methods. Data were collected through dietary recall using the five-step multiple-pass method of the 2012 and 2016 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys. Prevalences were estimated using the Iowa State University method. Linear and logistic regressions were used for analytic comparisons. Results. Both in 2012 and 2016, we observed high PE in trans FA, saturated FA, and total fat. High PI was found for polyunsaturated FA, omega 6, omega 3, Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) + Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). In 2016, PE was lower in trans FAs (29.1 vs. 38.4%), total fat (14.9 vs. 17.8%), saturated FAs (45.6 vs. 54.6%). PI was also lower in omega 3 FA (90.7 vs. 92.8%), omega 6 FA (39.8 vs. 62.2%), and EPA + DHA FA (96.3 vs. 99.6%; p<0.05) (p<0.05) vs 2012. Conclusion. Mexican adults showed notably high PE in trans FA, saturated FA, and total fat, as well as high PI in polynsaturated FA, omega 6, omega 3, and EPA. Given the associated health risks, it is critical to implement nutrition policies that regulate trans and saturated FAs in Mexico and faciliate improved dietary quality towards more polyunsaturated and omega 3 FAs, and less trans and saturated FAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (Spanish): Objetivo. Estimar y comparar la ingesta usual y la prevalencia de consumo excesivo (PE) y consumo insuficiente (PI) de ácidos grasos (AG) trans y otros AG en adultos mexicanos en 2012 y 2016. Material y métodos. La información dietética se obtuvo utilizando el método de recordatorio de 24 horas de cinco pasos múltiples de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición 2012 y 2016. Las prevalencias se estimaron utilizando el método de la Universidad Estatal de Iowa y se utilizaron regresiones lineales y logísticas. Resultados. En 2012 y 2016 se observó una PE elevada para los AG trans, AG saturados y grasas totales, así como elevadas PI en AG poliinsaturados, omega-3, omega-6, y Ácido Eicosapentaenoico (EPA) + Ácido Docosahexaenoico (DHA). La PE en 2016 fue menor que en 2012 para AG trans (29.1 vs. 38.4%), grasas totales (14.9 vs.17.8%), AG saturados (45.6 vs. 54.6%), omega-3 (90.7 vs. 92.8%) y omega-6 (39.8 vs 62.2%) (p<0.05). Se observó una mayor inadecuación de EPA + DHA FA en 2016 (99.6 vs. 96.3%; p<0.05) vs 2012. Conclusión. Los adultos mexicanos tuvieron PE elevadas de AG trans, AG saturados y grasas totales, así como elevadas PI de AG poliinsaturados, omega-3, omega-6 y EPA. Considerando las implicaciones en salud, es fundamental implementar políticas alimentarias que regulen los AG trans y saturados en México y mejoren la calidad de la dieta hacia más AG poliinsaturados y omega-3, y menos AG trans y saturados. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Salud Pública de México is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Li, Chunding¹ (AUTHOR), Lin, Xin² (AUTHOR) linxin@aaas.org.cn, Whalley, John³ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: World Economy. Jun2024, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p2706-2740. 35p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TRANS-Pacific Partnership, *GROSS domestic product, EQUILIBRIUM

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: Following China's formal application to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans‐Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), the US' intention to rejoin the trade agreement has obviously strengthened. This article develops a numerical general equilibrium model encompassing 29 countries, incorporating the concept of inside money and trade costs. The aim is to simulate and compare the impacts of China and the US participating in the CPTPP. Comparison results indicate that China entering the CPTPP would yield greater benefits for remember countries in terms of trade, GDP and manufacturing employment compared to the US. Moreover, China's participation can also positively impact GDP and manufacturing employment in most non‐member countries. Additionally, our simulation results unveil that the US would be more favoured among CPTPP members and globally concerning welfare considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of World Economy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Coffey, Lauren McCoy¹ coffeyl@winthrop.edu

المصدر: Journal of Global Sport Management. Jun2024, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p305-324. 20p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: COLLEGE sports, TRANS women, JUSTICE administration

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED States

مستخلص: The visibility of transgender athletes in elite sport recently prompted concern surrounding the potential competitive advantages for transgender women who underwent through male puberty before transitioning. In the United States, several states passed legislation banning transgender women from high school and/or college sport for the purpose of removing this advantage and keeping sport equitable for cisgender women. While these laws seek to protect women's sports, does the exclusion of transgender athletes from sports connected to their chosen gender identity lead to another form of sex discrimination? This paper addresses the legality of transgender participation bans and related lawsuits. As these legislative changes and the lawsuits challenging them are on-going, this paper presents a snapshot and assessment of these policies in the United States in 2021, whether they are likely to withstand challenge under the current legal system, and how sport organizations may respond when the law is not clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of Global Sport Management is the property of the Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Yaghoubirad, Mahsa¹ (AUTHOR) m.yaghoubirad@modares.ac.ir, Azadfallah, Parviz¹ (AUTHOR), Cameron, Catherine Ann² (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Sex Roles. Jun2024, Vol. 90 Issue 6, p779-788. 10p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *IRANIANS, *TRANS women, *TRANS men, *GENDER identity, *PARENT-child relationships, *INTERPERSONAL relations, *GENDER affirmation surgery

مستخلص: Iran's cultural, social, and historical characteristics contribute to different experiences for Iranian trans women and trans men compared with their peers in other countries where gender diversity and trans rights are acknowledged. We conducted an emergent fit analysis based on past grounded theory studies of Iranian trans women's and men's identity development to explore and compare the diverse gender developmental milestones of these groups and the underlying causes and mechanisms associated with any observed differences. In this study, emergent fit analysis revealed that trans women's and trans men's experiences are comparable across several general categories, but markedly diverge in many specific emergent details, including different child-parent relationships, school years experiences, peer and romantic relationships, social policy implications, gender taboos during different developmental stages, their experiences after transition/surgery, and legal and social status. Policymakers, academics, clinical associates, and medical professionals not specifically trained in working with gender-diverse populations and those who may not be familiar with Iran's cultural context can use these findings to enhance their professional knowledge and, as a result, implement policies and practices that acknowledge and support the diverse gendered experiences of trans people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Jensen, Alexander¹ (AUTHOR), Schofield, Kyle A.¹ (AUTHOR), Cuttler, Carrie¹ (AUTHOR) carrie.cuttler@wsu.edu

المصدر: Psychology & Sexuality. Jun2024, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p235-253. 19p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TRANS men, *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience, *GENDER identity, *VIOLENCE, *DATA analysis, *STATISTICAL sampling, *NONBINARY people, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *SOCIAL attitudes, *EXPERIMENTAL design, *CISGENDER people, *ONE-way analysis of variance, *STATISTICS, *IMPLICIT bias, *COMING out (Sexual orientation), *PSYCHOLOGY of college students, *STUDENT attitudes, *TRANS women, *CASE studies, *SOCIAL stigma

مستخلص: Gender minorities disproportionately experience stigma and violence after coming out. This study was conducted to examine how individuals perceive characters identified with various gender identity labels (transgender man, transgender woman, genderfluid, non-binary, cisgender man, cisgender woman), to better understand the effects of these labels on people's perceptions. Student participants (N = 498) were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions and read six vignettes briefly describing characters with the aforementioned identities. Conditions included explicit labels (e.g. 'Mike is a transgender man'), implicit labels (e.g. 'Mike was assigned female at birth, but now identifies as a man'), and no gender labels. Participants then rated each character on 19 different traits/attributes (e.g. 'likable', 'perverted', 'masculine'). All characters were rated more positively when described with an explicit or implicit gender identity label in comparison to the no label control condition. The manipulation of gender labels had little influence on ratings of negative traits. These positive and encouraging results may be partially attributed to the sample which predominantly comprised young, liberal, women and may be indicative of a welcoming university environment for gender minorities. Future studies could further explore this topic by expanding the scope to the larger national population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: López, Gabriela¹ Gaby_Lopez@brown.edu, Bhuptani, Prachi Hemant^2,3, Orchowski, Lindsay Marie^2,3

المصدر: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. May2024, Vol. 39 Issue 9/10, p1976-1998. 23p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TRANS men, *T-test (Statistics), *RESEARCH funding, *HUMAN sexuality, *SEXUAL orientation identity, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *CHI-squared test, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *SEX customs, *CRIME victims, *EXPERIENCE, *ONLINE education, *CISGENDER people, *STATISTICS, *ANALYSIS of variance, *ONLINE information services, *TRANS women, *DISCLOSURE

مستخلص: Bisexual+ (bisexual, pansexual, queer, attraction to more than one gender) people are at elevated risk for sexual victimization relative to their heterosexual counterparts. Disclosure of sexual victimization and social reactions received upon disclosure can play a major role in recovery following an assault. Using an online survey, the current study examined whether bisexual+ and heterosexual survivors of sexual victimization (N = 657) varied in disclosure of victimization, the type of disclosure (in-person vs. online via #MeToo), and receipt of various social reactions to disclosure in person and online. A chi-square test examined differences in disclosure and differences in types of disclosure (in-person only vs. MeToo across sexual identity). MANOVAS were used to examine whether in-person and online reactions varied across sexual identity. Bisexual+ survivors were more likely to disclose sexual victimization relative to heterosexual survivors. Among those who disclosed, bisexual+ survivors were more likely to disclose in person only whereas heterosexual survivors were more likely to disclose online via #MeToo. Whereas we did not find any significant differences for in-person reactions, we did find significant differences for online social reactions using #MeToo. Heterosexual survivors received higher turning against reactions (e.g., avoided talking to you or spending time with you) and more unsupportive acknowledgment relative to bisexual+ participants. Whereas bisexual+ participants received less turning against reactions and unsupportive acknowledgment during #MeToo/online disclosure, they were also less likely to disclose using #MeToo. Findings suggest that bisexual+ and heterosexual people vary in the way they disclose sexual victimization, and in how they are responded to when disclosing in person and online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Maddox, Patricia L.¹ (AUTHOR) Madd7704@stthomas.edu, Schmalenberger, Sarah² (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Sociological Quarterly. Spring2024, Vol. 65 Issue 2, p204-224. 21p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CORPORATE culture, *LABOR supply, *TELEPHONE interviewing, BRASS instrument players, TRANS women, TRANSGENDER youth, GENDER

مستخلص: The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of cisgender women, transgender women, and nonbinary brass players. Semi-structured telephone interviews with fifty cisgender women, transgender women, and nonbinary brass players were conducted between January 2019 and January 2020. Participants were asked about their experiences as brass musicians. Many found themselves playing in environments where they felt othered, sexualized, and discriminated against, all of which affect their abilities to play. Even though cisgender women are entering the profession of music and playing in cisgendered male dominated sections in greater numbers, embedded problems with workplace equity are undermining their sense of dignity as credible, valued colleagues. There is more to workplace equity than simply looking at increases in diverse representations of marginalized groups, especially when gendered workplace culture and structures do not change. Our participants described strategies they adopt to exist in these spaces, which illuminate strategies workers deploy to reclaim their dignity at work. Hearing how gender informs the ways these participants envision, seek, and find dignity offers insight into work environments purporting to attract a diverse labor force yet remain rooted in structural and cultural practices that undermine those intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Sociological Quarterly is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Hayakawa, Kazunobu¹ (AUTHOR) kazunobu_hayakawa@ide-gsm.org, Jongwanich, Juthathip² (AUTHOR), Kohpaiboon, Archanun² (AUTHOR)

المصدر: International Economic Journal. Mar2024, Vol. 38 Issue 1, p45-61. 17p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TRANS-Pacific Partnership, *FOREIGN investments, *PARTNERSHIP agreements

مستخلص: The aim of this study is to quantify the trade effects of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which is considered to be a comprehensive trade agreement. To this end, we estimate the gravity equation for worldwide trade and introduce applied tariffs into this equation to differentiate between the trade effects of tariff reduction and non-tariff measure (NTM) changes. Our gravity equation results indicate that the trade effect of NTM changes under the CPTPP is insignificant on average and negative for most products. We also estimate the gravity equation for foreign direct investment (FDI) and find some evidence that the CPTPP increased FDI by a statistically significant amount. Thus, the NTM changes in the CPTPP may increase FDI, rather than trade, among member countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of International Economic Journal is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Mirzaei, Hamed¹ (AUTHOR), Salehi, Khayyam² (AUTHOR), Jafari, Ameneh³ (AUTHOR), Chaleshtori, Reza Sharafati¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Journal of Food Processing & Preservation. 4/30/2024, Vol. 2024, p1-11. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: TRANS fatty acids, QUINCE, SESAME oil, TUMOR necrosis factors, EDIBLE fats & oils, EDIBLE coatings, PHENOLIC acids, PLANT phenols

مستخلص: Currently, there is a growing trend of replacing synthetic antioxidants with natural alternatives to prevent the oxidation of edible oils. Herein, we assessed the phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts that are obtained from Cydonia oblonga (SQ). Furthermore, we incorporated SQ at two different concentrations (1% and 2%) into cold-pressed sesame oil, storing it for 30 days under ambient conditions. We then assessed the peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), oxidative stability using the Rancimat apparatus, and the fatty acid (FA) composition. Additionally, we performed the molecular docking analyses to explore the interaction between trans fatty acids (TFAs; C18:1 and C18:2) and key proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The total phenol, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of SQ were found to be 95.33 ± 5.03 mg GAE/g, 343.67 ± 16.44 mg QE/g, and 465.67 ± 5.51 mmol Fe2+/g, respectively. The presence of SQ exhibited a significant impact on reducing PV and AV when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the addition of SQ resulted in a significant increase in the induction period (IP) compared to the control. The predominant FAs in the samples were 18:2n-6, 18:1n-9, 16:0, and 18:0, respectively. The levels of TFAs in all samples at 30 days were higher than those at 0 day. TNF-α and IL-6 showed a higher binding affinity for the trans-C18:1 ligand, with a docking score of -6.81 and -5.82, respectively, compared to the trans-C18:2 ligand. In this context, SQ can be proposed as a natural antioxidant to enhance the oxidative stability of sesame oil. Additionally, the binding preferences and specific interactions of TFAs with these proinflammatory cytokines indicate their potential role in modulating inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of Food Processing & Preservation is the property of Hindawi Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)