المؤلفون: Yali Zhang, Saiya Li

المصدر: BMC Public Health, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Trade liberalization, Inequality, Macronutrient intake, Micronutrients intake, FAO/WHO GIFT, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: Abstract Background Despite the positive impact of trade liberalization on food availability in India, severe inequality in nutrition consumption at the district level persists. Empirical evidence on the relationship between trade liberalization and nutrition consumption inequality often offers a country-level perspective and generates disputed outcomes. The study aimed to explore the effects of trade liberalization on inequality in nutrition consumption at the district level in India and to examine the heterogeneity of the impact on different nutrition consumption. Methods Our study employed the Gini Index to measure nutrition consumption inequality of 2 macronutrients and 5 micronutrients at the district level in India during 2009–2011, utilizing the comprehensive FAO/WHO individual food consumption data. The import tariff was adopted as a proxy for trade liberalization, as its externally imposed nature facilitates a causal interpretation. We further identified the direct causal relationship between food trade liberalization and inequality in nutrition consumption using a fixed effects model. Results The results show that more than 50% of the individuals in the survey districts did not meet the dietary standards for both macronutrients and micronutrients. Food trade liberalization hindered the improvement of inequality in nutrition consumption. As import tariffs were reduced by 1%, the inequality in intake of calories, zinc, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2 increased significantly by 0.45, 0.56, 0.48, and 0.66, respectively, which might be related to food market performance. The results also highlight the positive role of the gender gap, female-headed households, and caste culture on inequality in nutrition consumption in India. Conclusions To ease the shock of liberalization and minimize its inequality effects, complementary measures should be adopted, such as improving food logistic conditions in poor areas, and nutrition relief schemes.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2458Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/fdc259e3b9a54360bb079b78c00a18bbTest

المؤلفون: Linarello, Andrea

المساهمون: University/Department: Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament d'Economia i Empresa

مرشدي الرسالة: Ventura, Jaume, Gancia, Gino A.

المصدر: TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Trade, Input-Output Linkages, Productivity, Trade Liberalization, Patent, Markups, Innovation, Comerç internacional, Enllaços input-output, Productivitat, Liberalització comercial, Innovaciò de patents, Mark-ups

الوصف: This thesis investigates various aspects of international trade. In the first chapter, I study the effect of exporting on firms productivity. Specifically, I examine the extent to which export shocks are transmitted along the production chain through input-output linkages. I find that when firms expand into foreign markets, the increase in the derived demand for intermediates boosts the productivity of domestic input suppliers. In the second chapter, I focus on the determinants of markups at firm-product level. I find that when firms start to export new products, the effect on markups depends on the product characteristics. While, on average, markup adjustments do not appear to play a role, for more differentiated products I find evidence of an increase in markups. In the third chapter, I study the relation between exports and patent innovation. Results show that export shocks have a positive effect on firms' innovation. Firms invest the extra profits from the export market to finance the sunk costs of innovation.

الوصف (مترجم): Aquesta tesi investiga diversos aspectes del comerç internacional. En el primer capìtol analitzo els efectes de l'exportaciò sobre la productivitat de les empreses. En particular, estudio en quina mesura els xocs d'exportaciò es transmeten al llarg de la cadena de producciò a travès d'enllaços input-output. Trobo que quan les empreses s'expandeixen en els mercats estrangers, l'augment de la demanda derivada d'inputs intermedis impulsa la productivitat dels proveïdors d'aquests inputs. En el segon capìtol em centro en quins sòn els determinants dels mark-ups a nivell dels productes de cada empresa. Trobo que quan les empreses comencen a exportar nous productes, els efectes sobre els mark-ups depenen de les caracterìstiques dels productes. Mentre que en mitjana els ajustaments dels mark-ups no semblen exercir cap rol, si que ho fan per als productes mès diferenciats. En el tercer capìtol estudio la relaciò entre l'exportaciò i l'innovaciò de patents. Els resultats mostren que els xocs d'exportaciò tenen un efecte positiu en les empreses d'innovaciò. Les empreses inverteixen els beneficis addicionals del mercat d'exportaciò per finançar els costos enfonsats de la innovaciò.
Programa de doctorat en Economia, Finances i Empresa

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284454Test

المؤلفون: Hirway, Indira, author

المصدر: India Social Development Report 2023, 2024.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198885979.003.0013Test

المؤلفون: Farah Tasneem, Muhammad Aamir Khan

المصدر: Research in Globalization, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 100190- (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Production economics, Trade liberalization, Structural transformation, Cross-sectoral linkages, Pakistan, Cities. Urban geography, GF125, Urbanization. City and country, HT361-384

الوصف: Structural transformation, which signifies a shift towards high value-added production and an elevated standard of living, is a vital ingredient for inclusive growth. Pakistan’s pace of structural transformation has been amongst the slowest and lowest compared to other countries in Asia. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this paper is to quantify the economic benefits of accelerating the rate of transformation (trade and productivity-oriented) in Pakistan. This research explores this relationship using an Input-Output (IO) framework in conjunction with a global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. This allows for the evaluation of the economy-wide impact of exogenous changes in the trade and productivity of critical sectors. The IO framework helps in identifying these key Pakistani sectors by providing backward, forward, and inter-sectoral linkages for each sector. The results of the IO framework show that the sectors with strong backward linkages in Pakistan are “Food, Beverages and Tobacco”, “Textiles and Textile Products”, “Leather and Footwear”, and “Construction”. Whereas “Agriculture”, “Mining and Quarrying”, and “Wholesale and Commission Trade” are the sectors with strong forward linkages. The estimated results from a global CGE Model demonstrate that structural transformation towards promising sectors (manufacturing and services) has a positive impact on the macro-economic variables as well as at the household level in Pakistan.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590051X23000801Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2590-051XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/befb5824d0b44c5fa3500b85b8c9dac4Test

المؤلفون: Mathieu Juliot Mpabe Bodjongo, Fanny Kabwe Omoyi epse Essomme, Moustapha Fofana

المصدر: Journal of Economic Criminology, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 100064- (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Misinvoicing, Illicit financial flows, Corruption, Tax burden, Price stability, Trade liberalization, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology, HV1-9960

الوصف: This paper aims to examine the influence of controlling corruption, tax burden reduction, price stability and trade liberalization on trade-related illicit financial flows. The analysis focuses on a sample of 120 developing and emerging countries, drawn from data collected over the period 2008–2017. The econometric results reveal that controlling corruption, tax burden reduction, prices stability and trade liberalization contribute significantly to reducing trade-related IFF or false invoicing of foreign trade transactions. These results can be observed both within and outside Africa. In addition, increased competition on the domestic market helps to reduce trade-related IFF, while higher public spending significantly increases trade-related IFF.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000162Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2949-7914Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/3844b40075624779a325ec2afe07545cTest

المؤلفون: Muhammad Asghar, Sharafat Ali, Muhammad Hanif, Sami Ullah

المصدر: Sustainable Futures, Vol 7, Iss , Pp 100163- (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Energy transition, Technological innovation, Urbanization, Trade liberalization, Sustainable future, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Technology

الوصف: Industrialization in Newly industrialized countries may be a potential retarding factor for sustainable future. This study examines that transitions towards green alternatives may be driven by technological innovation, urbanization, and industrialization using panel-corrected standard errors regression and quantile regression on data from 1985 to 2020. The empirical results suggest that technological innovation accelerates renewable energy and decelerates non-renewable energy. Conversely, urbanization and trade liberalization reduce renewable energy but increase non-renewable energy while increase in output positively impacts both renewable and non-renewable energy. The findings imply prioritizing technological innovation, sustainable urban planning and development and aligning policies for a successful and sustainable energy transition.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666188824000133Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2666-1888Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/6a4012007728441580a55a8c98e95423Test

المؤلفون: Nguyen Dac Dung

المصدر: Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, Vol 15, Iss 1(30) (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: trade liberalization, open economy macroeconomics, productivity growth, WTO, Vietnamese manufacturing, Business, HF5001-6182, Economics as a science, HB71-74

الوصف: This article proposes a model to examine the impact of trade liberalization on productivity growth in developing countries, exemplified by Vietnam, which is positioned at a technological distance from the frontier. Built upon the Schumpeterian framework and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) analysis, the study illustrates that free trade can directly influence the technological gap of a small developing nation by necessitating the importation of all intermediate goods from its dominant trading partner, a developed country. Moreover, trade liberalization has a negative impact on Vietnam’s productivity growth, with domestic competition and trade barriers emerging as significant factors. Additionally, the research concludes that the national economic policies of Vietnam during the 2016–2020 period were ineffective, partially attributed to the failure of state-owned enterprises. As a result, international trade openness may lead to enduring adverse consequences for smaller developing countries, like Vietnam, and serves as a noteworthy example of diminishing innovation.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.zurnalai.vu.lt/omee/article/view/31898Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2029-4581Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2345-0037Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/5c9aa138a56248c080fe97bf1d248547Test

المؤلفون: Gao, Henry, author

المصدر: Data Sovereignty : From the Digital Silk Road to the Return of the State, 2023.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197582794.003.0010Test

المؤلفون: Humayun Khan, Yangfen Chen, Liu Lv

المصدر: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Vol 8 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: trade liberalization, China–Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (CPFTA), gravity equation, vegetable trade, CPEC, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456

الوصف: In the backdrop of criticism that the China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement has disproportionately favored China, particularly in agricultural trade, there has been a surge in Pakistan’s imports, leading to a trade deficit. This study attempts to evaluate the impact of CPFTA 1&2 on the vegetable exports of Pakistan which is an important sector of the agricultural industry. A panel data set of Pakistan’s vegetable exports to its trading partners from 2003 to 2021 was analyzed with the extensively used gravity model of trade. The vegetable export data was sourced from the International Trade Centre (ITC) which is based on the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. The results suggest that the China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (CPFTA-I) has a positive association with Pakistan’s vegetable exports to China. However, trade liberalization with Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia plays a more substantial role in driving Pakistan’s vegetable exports. CPFTA-II has not had a measurable or statistically significant impact on the vegetable exports of Pakistan as this period was highly influenced by COVID-19. The results of colonialism variables show that Pakistan is exporting more to countries with the same colonial history. Moreover, the results of the geographical variable suggest that Pakistan should explore more close markets to expand vegetable exports. Policy implications suggest the need to reduce trade costs, leverage CPEC infrastructure, enrich trade relations with neighboring countries, and involve business professionals in policy negotiations.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1362910/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2571-581XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/c89c2e5132704c82819d5f64e46d1bdeTest

المؤلفون: Saqfalhait, Nahil, AbdAlla Spetan, Khawlah, Awad-Warrad, Taleb, Alomari, Mohammad W.

المصدر: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2023, Vol. 15, Issue 3, pp. 232-248.

الوصول الحر: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/10.1108/IJGE-07-2022-0113Test