المؤلفون: Tomas Stølen

المصدر: Nordisk tidsskrift for pedagogikk og kritikk, Vol 8 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: deliberasjon, fellesskap, erfaring, tingliggjøring, subjektivitet, Education (General), L7-991

الوصف: Hensikten med denne artikkelen er å drøfte terroren den 22. juli 2011 fra et danningsperspektiv. Jeg begynner med å gjøre noen betraktninger om hovedtendenser i hvordan denne opprivende begivenheten behandles i biografisk og akademisk litteratur. Deretter tar jeg for meg påstanden om at 22. juli beviser viktigheten av å danne individer til kritisk tenkning slik at de kan delta i et deliberativt demokrati. Jeg hevder at et perspektiv som dette ikke tilstrekkelig. Jeg fortsetter med å skissere Anders Behring Breiviks danningsprosess. Omsorgssvikten han utsettes for tidlig i livet viser seg å være av stor betydning, men jeg hevder også at det er god grunn til å se nærmere på betingelsene for hans danning som voksen i et samfunn som vårt. Med disse undersøkelsene som bakgrunn avslutter jeg med noen refleksjoner om hva tilfellet Breivik kan bety for hvordan vi forstår begrepet om medborgerskap. English abstract Terror and enlightenment: Citizenship education after July 22 The purpose of this article is to discuss the terror that unfolded on July 22, 2011, from an educational perspective. I begin by making some observations about main tendencies in how this harrowing event is treated in biographical and academic literature. Thereafter, I consider the claim that July 22 proves the importance of educating individuals in critical thinking so that they can participate in a deliberative democracy. I claim that such a perspective is not sufficient. I proceed by delineating the formation process of Anders Behring Breivik. The lack of care in his early life turns out to be of great importance, but I also claim that there is good reason to look more closely at the conditions for his formation as an adult in a society like ours. With these investigations as a background, I end with some reflections on what the Breivik case could mean with respect to how we understand the concept of citizenship.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://pedagogikkogkritikk.no/index.php/ntpk/article/view/3411Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2387-5739Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/10a5bd35d0b6456a995fffcc9e4ff44aTest

المؤلفون: Cecilie Morland, Krister A. Andersson, Øyvind P. Haugen, Alena Hadzic, Liv Kleppa, Andreas Gille, Johanne E. Rinholm, Vuk Palibrk, Elisabeth H. Diget, Lauritz H. Kennedy, Tomas Stølen, Eivind Hennestad, Olve Moldestad, Yiqing Cai, Maja Puchades, Stefan Offermanns, Koen Vervaeke, Magnar Bjørås, Ulrik Wisløff, Jon Storm-Mathisen, Linda H. Bergersen

المصدر: Nature Communications, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Science

الوصف: Physical exercise promotes brain angiogenesis through an unknown signalling cascade. Morlandet al. identify the elusive muscle-brain communication and show that lactate produced by muscle activity binds to its receptor HCAR1 in brain vessel-surrounding cells, stimulating VEGF production and brain angiogenesis.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2041-1723Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a11702f00ba142fb867147c82c5434f1Test

المؤلفون: Iffath A. Ghouri, Allen Kelly, Simona Salerno, Karin Garten, Tomas Stølen, Ole-Johan Kemi, Godfrey L. Smith

المصدر: Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 10 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: myocardial infarction, optical mapping, two-photon microscopy, intracellular calcium, border zone, Physiology, QP1-981

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00364/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/b0dcfee5283b4fabbbb6d3bdc439280cTest

المؤلفون: Iffath A. Ghouri, Allen Kelly, Simona Salerno, Karin Garten, Tomas Stølen, Ole-Johan Kemi, Godfrey L. Smith

المصدر: Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 9 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: myocardial infarction, optical mapping, two-photon microscopy, intracellular calcium, border zone, Physiology, QP1-981

الوصف: Background: The origin of electrical behavior in post-myocardial infarction scar tissue is still under debate. This study aims to examine the extent and nature of the residual electrical activity within a stabilized ventricular infarct scar.Methods and Results: An apical infarct was induced in the left ventricle of Wistar rats by coronary artery occlusion. Five weeks post-procedure, hearts were Langendorff-perfused, and optically mapped using di-4-ANEPPS. Widefield imaging of optical action potentials (APs) on the left ventricular epicardial surface revealed uniform areas of electrical activity in both normal zone (NZ) and infarct border zone (BZ), but only limited areas of low-amplitude signals in the infarct zone (IZ). 2-photon (2P) excitation of di-4-ANEPPS and Fura-2/AM at discrete layers in the NZ revealed APs and Ca2+ transients (CaTs) to 500–600 μm below the epicardial surface. 2P imaging in the BZ revealed superficial connective tissue structures lacking APs or CaTs. At depths greater than approximately 300 μm, myocardial structures were evident that supported normal APs and CaTs. In the IZ, although 2P imaging did not reveal clear myocardial structures, low-amplitude AP signals were recorded at discrete layers. No discernible Ca2+ signals could be detected in the IZ. AP rise times in BZ were slower than NZ (3.50 ± 0.50 ms vs. 2.23 ± 0.28 ms) and further slowed in IZ (9.13 ± 0.56 ms). Widefield measurements of activation delay between NZ and BZ showed negligible difference (3.37 ± 1.55 ms), while delay values in IZ showed large variation (11.88 ± 9.43 ms).Conclusion: These AP measurements indicate that BZ consists of an electrically inert scar above relatively normal myocardium. Discrete areas/layers of IZ displayed entrained APs with altered electrophysiology, but the structure of this tissue remains to be elucidated.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.01454/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/5c5b509b16984c4db494c8259990b1bdTest

المؤلفون: Mingshu Shi, Øyvind Ellingsen, Tone Frost Bathen, Morten A. Høydal, Tomas Stølen, Morteza Esmaeili

المصدر: Metabolites, Vol 9, Iss 3, p 53 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: metabolomics, MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cardiac metabolism, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: The metabolism and performance of myocardial and skeletal muscle are impaired in heart failure (HF) patients. Exercise training improves the performance and benefits the quality of life in HF patients. The purpose of the present study was to determine the metabolic profiles in myocardial and skeletal muscle in HF and exercise training using MRS, and thus to identify targets for clinical MRS in vivo. After surgically establishing HF in rats, we randomized the rats to exercise training programs of different intensities. After the final training session, rats were sacrificed and tissues from the myocardial and skeletal muscle were extracted. Magnetic resonance spectra were acquired from these extracts, and principal component and metabolic enrichment analysis were used to assess the differences in metabolic profiles. The results indicated that HF affected myocardial metabolism by changing multiple metabolites, whereas it had a limited effect on skeletal muscle metabolism. Moreover, exercise training mainly altered the metabolite distribution in skeletal muscle, indicating regulation of metabolic pathways of taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and carnitine synthesis.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/9/3/53Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1989Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ac191272064c4ab5a3f355fe042d2522Test

المؤلفون: Anne Berit Johnsen, Morten Høydal, Ragnhild Røsbjørgen, Tomas Stølen, Ulrik Wisløff

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 6, p e66288 (2013)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: BACKGROUND: There is limited knowledge about atrial myocyte Ca(2+) handling in the failing hearts. The aim of this study was to examine atrial myocyte contractile function and Ca(2+) handling in rats with post-infarction heart failure (HF) and to examine whether aerobic interval training could reverse a potential dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS: Post-infarction HF was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by ligation of the left descending coronary artery. Atrial myocyte shortening was depressed (p

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3682943?pdf=renderTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9cb434db603a403188455494c41c8b27Test

المؤلفون: Anne Berit Johnsen, Natale P L Rolim, Tomas Stølen, Marcia Alves, Mirta M L Sousa, Geir Slupphaug, Steven L Britton, Lauren G Koch, Godfrey L Smith, Ulrik Wisløff, Morten A Høydal

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 10, p e76568 (2013)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Although high aerobic capacity is associated with effective cardiac function, the effect of aerobic capacity on atrial function, especially in terms of cellular mechanisms, is not known. We aimed to investigate whether rats with low inborn maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) had impaired atrial myocyte contractile function when compared to rats with high inborn VO2 max.Atrial myocyte function was depressed in Low Capacity Runners (LCR) relative to High Capacity Runners (HCR) which was associated with impaired Ca(2+) handling. Fractional shortening was 52% lower at 2 Hz and 60% lower at 5 Hz stimulation while time to 50% relengthening was 43% prolonged and 55% prolonged, respectively. Differences in Ca(2+) amplitude and diastolic Ca(2+) level were observed at 5 Hz stimulation where Ca(2+) amplitude was 70% lower and diastolic Ca(2+) level was 11% higher in LCR rats. Prolonged time to 50% Ca(2+) decay was associated with reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) ATPase function in LCR (39%). Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger activity was comparable between the groups. Diastolic SR Ca(2+) leak was increased by 109%. This could be partly explained by increased ryanodine receptors phosphorylation at the Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II specific Ser-2814 site in LCR rats. T-tubules were present in 68% of HCR cells whereas only 33% LCR cells had these structures. In HCR, the significantly higher numbers of cells with T-tubules were combined with greater numbers of myocytes where Ca(2+) release in the cell occurred simultaneously in central and peripheral regions, giving rise to faster and more spatial homogenous Ca(2+)-signal onset.This data demonstrates that contrasting for low or high aerobic capacity leads to diverse functional and structural remodelling of atrial myocytes, with impaired contractile function in LCR compared to HCR rats.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3797791?pdf=renderTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/3a0b44a83e5b497ba94941181f707148Test

المؤلفون: Tomas Stølen

المصدر: Agora. 39:425-429

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::1363f70ec71c00e9a60a45a9eca63402Test
https://doi.org/10.18261/issn1500-1571-2021-01-02-23Test

المؤلفون: Vegard Malmo, Allen Kelly, Karin S. Garten, Tomas Stolen, Natale P. L. Rolim, Ulrik Wisloff, Godfrey Smith, Jan P. Loennechen

المصدر: Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 9 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: atrial fibrillation, exercise, aging, conduction velocity, fibrosis, Physiology, QP1-981

الوصف: Aims: Increasing age is the most important risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). Very high doses of exercise training might increase AF risk, while moderate levels seem to be protective. This study aimed to examine the effects of age on vulnerability to AF and whether long-term aerobic interval training (AIT) could modify these effects.Methods: Nine months old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to AIT for 16 weeks (old-ex) or to a sedentary control group (old-sed), and compared to young sedentary males (young-sed). After the intervention, animals underwent echocardiography, testing of exercise capacity (VO2max), and electrophysiology with AF induction before ex vivo electrophysiology. Fibrosis quantification, immunohistochemistry and western blotting of atrial tissue were performed.Results: Sustained AF was induced in vivo in 4 of 11 old-sed animals, but none of the old-ex or young-sed rats (p = 0.006). VO2max was lower in old-sed, while old-ex had comparable results to young-sed. Fibrosis was increased in old-sed (p = 0.006), with similar results in old-ex. There was a significantly slower atrial conduction in old-sed (p = 0.038), with an increase in old-ex (p = 0.027). Action potential duration was unaltered in old-sed, but prolonged in old-ex (p = 0.036). There were no differences in amount of atrial connexin 43 between groups, but a lateralization in atrial cardiomyocytes of old-sed, with similar findings in old-ex.Conclusion: AF vulnerability was higher in old-sed animals, associated with increased atrial fibrosis, lateralization of connexin-43, and reduced atrial conduction velocity. AIT reduced the age-associated susceptibility to AF, possibly through increased conduction velocity and prolongation of action potentials.

العلاقة: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00206/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XTest; https://doaj.org/article/b72b3260c8494e25863dbc3766c0b09aTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00206Test
https://doaj.org/article/b72b3260c8494e25863dbc3766c0b09aTest

المؤلفون: Tomas Stølen

المصدر: Agora. 38:318-323

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::52e25a166864d02b173f9ec2425354b7Test
https://doi.org/10.18261/issn1500-1571-2020-03-04-14Test