المؤلفون: Thomas M.S. Wolever, Janice E. Campbell, Fei Au-Yeung, El Hadji M. Dioum, Varsha Shete, YiFang Chu

المصدر: Journal of Functional Foods, Vol 109, Iss , Pp 105806- (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Randomized clinical trial, Humans, Salba, Blood glucose, Hunger, Fullness, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641

الوصف: Chia seeds are gaining interest as a potential functional food. We compared the subjective hunger, fullness and glycaemic responses elicited by 30 g cookies containing 0, 3, 5 or 7 g chia seed (CS0, CS3, CS5 or CS7; 140–150 kcal, 7–8 g fat, 4 g protein, 0–2 g dietary-fibre, 16 g available-carbohydrate) using a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design. Overnight-fasted heathy adults (24 male, 22 female) consumed test-cookies with endpoints measured before and intermittently for 3 h after eating. Total areas under the curve (tAUC0-3 h) for hunger were similar among treatments (p = 0.49) but fullness differed (p = 0.019) with tAUC0-3 h after CS3 > CS7 (mean ± SEM) (140 ± 9 vs 122 ± 10 mm × h, p

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464623004061Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1756-4646Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/cbfb8e81fc91490193f8fd72f3c76993Test

المؤلفون: Fei Au-Yeung, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Steve Prancevic, Esther Vissers, Janice E. Campbell, Thomas M.S. Wolever

المصدر: Journal of Functional Foods, Vol 105, Iss , Pp 105569- (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Dietary carbohydrates, Sweeteners, Sucrose, Blood glucose, Insulin, Allulose, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641

الوصف: Allulose is a naturally occurring monosaccharide with ∼70% sweetness of sucrose which may blunt postprandial glucose when consumed with a carbohydrate-containing meal. Whether a higher allulose to carbohydrate ratio further inhibits both glycemic and insulinemic responses remains unclear. In an acute, double-blind, randomized design, 14 individuals without diabetes (age:51 ± 15 years, BMI:27.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were studied over 120 min on three separate occasions after consuming beverages containing 15 g allulose, 15 g allulose plus 30 g sucrose, or 30 g sucrose. After allulose, allulose + sucrose, and sucrose beverages, respectively, glucose iAUC (mean ± SEM; 0.6 ± 0.2, 86.0 ± 9.5, and 118.1 ± 11.3 mmol × min/L), and peak rise (0.05 ± 0.02, 1.69 ± 0.13, and 3.15 ± 0.23 mmol/L) all differed significantly (p

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175646462300169XTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1756-4646Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/b50773665497441b98aea344c8c7fee5Test

المؤلفون: Thomas M.S. Wolever, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Janice E. Campbell, Adish Ezatagha, Simarata Dhillon, Jodee Johnson, John Schuette, Yumin Chen, YiFang Chu

المصدر: Journal of Nutritional Science, Vol 11 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Glycaemic response, Rapidly available glucose, Slowly available glucose, Starch, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Medicine

الوصف: Dietary starch contains rapidly (RAG) and slowly available glucose (SAG). To establish the relationships between the RAG:SAG ratio and postprandial glucose, insulin and hunger, we measured postprandial responses elicited by test meals varying in the RAG:SAG ratio in n 160 healthy adults, each of whom participated in one of four randomised cross-over studies (n 40 each): a pilot trial comparing six chews (RAG:SAG ratio 2·4–42·7) and three studies comparing a test granola (TG1-3, RAG:SAG ratio 4·5–5·2) with a control granola (CG1–3, RAG:SAG ratio 54·8–69·3). Within studies, test meals were matched for fat, protein and available carbohydrate. Blood glucose, serum insulin and subjective hunger were measured for 3 h. Data were subjected to repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The relationships between the RAG:SAG ratio and postprandial end points were determined by regression analysis. In the pilot trial, 0–2 h glucose incremental areas under the curve (iAUC0–2; primary end point) varied across the six chews (P = 0·014) with each 50 % reduction in the RAG:SAG ratio reducing relative glucose response by 4·0 %. TGs1-3 elicited significantly lower glucose iAUC0–2 than CGs1–3 by 17, 18 and 17 %, respectively (similar to the 15 % reduction predicted by the pilot trial). The combined means ± sem (n 120) for TC and CG were glucose iAUC0–2, 98 ± 4 v. 118 ± 4 mmol × min/l (P < 0·001), and insulin iAUC0–2, 153 ± 9 v. 184 ± 11 nmol × h/l (P < 0·001), respectively. Neither postprandial hunger nor glucose or hunger increments 2 h after eating differed significantly between TG and CG. We concluded that TGs with RAG:SAG ratios 54. However, compared with CG, TG did not reduce postprandial hunger or delay the return of glucose or hunger to baseline.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679022000222/type/journal_articleTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2048-6790Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9e3a87d6631a4fc8af67a2be932d12dcTest

المؤلفون: Qi Liu, Sabrina Ayoub‐Charette, Tauseef Ahmad Khan, Fei Au‐Yeung, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Russell J. de Souza, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Lawrence A. Leiter, Cyril W.C. Kendall, John L. Sievenpiper

المصدر: Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, Vol 8, Iss 24 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: dairy, fruit, fruit juice, hypertension, SSBs, yogurt, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701

الوصف: Background Sugar‐sweetened beverages are associated with hypertension. We assessed the relation of important food sources of fructose‐containing sugars with incident hypertension using a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies. Methods and Results We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane (through December week 2, 2018) for eligible studies. For each food source, natural log‐transformed risk ratios (RRs) for incident hypertension were pooled using pair‐wise meta‐analysis and linear and nonlinear dose‐response meta‐analyses. Certainty in our evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. We identified 26 reports, including 15 prospective cohorts (930 677 participants; 363 459 cases). Sugar‐sweetened beverages showed harmful (RRper‐355‐mL, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.08, 1.12]) whereas fruit (RRper‐240‐g, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.96, 0.99]) and yogurt showed protective associations (RRper‐125‐g, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94, 0.97]) with incident hypertension throughout the dose range. One hundred percent fruit juice showed a protective association only at moderate doses (RRat‐100‐mL, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.94, 0.99]). The pair‐wise protective association of dairy desserts was not supported by linear dose‐response analysis. Fruit drinks or sweet snacks were not associated with hypertension. Certainty of the evidence was “low” for sugar‐sweetened beverages, 100% fruit juice, fruit, and yogurt and “very low” for fruit drinks, sweet snacks, and dairy desserts. Conclusions The harmful association between sugar‐sweetened beverages and hypertension does not extend to other important food sources of fructose‐containing sugars. Further research is needed to improve our estimates and better understand the dose‐response relationship between food sources of fructose‐containing sugars and hypertension. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.govTest/. Unique identifier: NCT02702375.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2047-9980Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/2037c24feab44546a7435aee03a2f546Test

المؤلفون: Alan W. Barclay, Livia S. A. Augustin, Furio Brighenti, Elizabeth Delport, C. Jeyakumar Henry, John L. Sievenpiper, Kathy Usic, Yang Yuexin, Andreea Zurbau, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Arne Astrup, Mònica Bulló, Anette Buyken, Antonio Ceriello, Peter R. Ellis, Marie-Ann Vanginkel, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Carlo La Vecchia, Geoffrey Livesey, Andrea Poli, Gabriele Riccardi, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Antonia Trichopoulou, Kalpana Bhaskaran, David J.A. Jenkins, Walter C. Willett, Jennie C. Brand-Miller

المصدر: Nutrients, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 3244 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: glycaemic index, diabetes, food labels, food regulation, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641

الوصف: The glycaemic index (GI) is a food metric that ranks the acute impact of available (digestible) carbohydrates on blood glucose. At present, few countries regulate the inclusion of GI on food labels even though the information may assist consumers to manage blood glucose levels. Australia and New Zealand regulate GI claims as nutrition content claims and also recognize the GI Foundation’s certified Low GI trademark as an endorsement. The GI Foundation of South Africa endorses foods with low, medium and high GI symbols. In Asia, Singapore’s Healthier Choice Symbol has specific provisions for low GI claims. Low GI claims are also permitted on food labels in India. In China, there are no national regulations specific to GI; however, voluntary claims are permitted. In the USA, GI claims are not specifically regulated but are permitted, as they are deemed to fall under general food-labelling provisions. In Canada and the European Union, GI claims are not legal under current food law. Inconsistences in food regulation around the world undermine consumer and health professional confidence and call for harmonization. Global provisions for GI claims/endorsements in food standard codes would be in the best interests of people with diabetes and those at risk.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/9/3244Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/41fd96bafcf44beaa95b0318d1d91d14Test

المؤلفون: Thomas M.S. Wolever, Alexandra Meynier, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Jennie C. Brand-Miller, Fiona S. Atkinson, David Gendre, Sébastien Leuillet, Murielle Cazaubiel, Béatrice Housez, Sophie Vinoy

المصدر: Nutrients, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 2218 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: glycemic index, blood glucose, insulin, methods, methodology, available carbohydrates, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641

الوصف: An official method for determining food glycemic index (GI) was published by the Organization for International Standardization (ISO) in 2010, but its performance has not been assessed. Therefore, we aimed to determine the intra- and inter-laboratory variation of food GI values measured using the 2010 ISO method. Three laboratories (Australia, Canada and France) determined the GI and insulinemic-index (II) of six foods in groups of 13−15 participants using the 2010 ISO method and intra- and inter-laboratory Standard Deviations (SDs) were calculated. Overall mean food GIs varied from 47 to 86 (p < 0.0001) with no significant difference among labs (p = 0.57) and no food × laboratory interaction (p = 0.20). Within-laboratory SD was similar among foods (range, 17.8−22.5; p = 0.49) but varied among laboratories (range 17.5−23.1; p = 0.047). Between-laboratory SD of mean food GI values ranged from 1.6 to 6.7 (mean, 5.1). Mean glucose and insulin responses varied among foods (p < 0.001) with insulin (p = 0.0037), but not glucose (p = 0.054), varying significantly among labs. Mean II varied among foods (p < 0.001) but not among labs (p = 0.94). In conclusion, we found that using the 2010 ISO method, the mean between-laboratory SD of GI was 5.1. This suggests that the ISO method is sufficiently precise to distinguish a mean GI = 55 from a mean GI ≥ 70 with 97−99% probability.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/9/2218Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/c603acd4a37c43ec87735382ffe21662Test

المؤلفون: Catherine A.P. Crofts, Mark C. Wheldon, Caryn Zinn, Xiaomiao Lan-Pidhainy, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Grant Schofield

المصدر: Journal of Metabolic Health, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp e1-e9 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: homa, insulin resistance, ogis, repeatability, Medicine

الوصف: Background: Insulin resistance is commonly assessed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) variants. HOMA is potentially insensitive to change because of its high coefficient of variation. The repeatability coefficient is an alternative means of assessing test repeatability. To be confident of clinical change, rather than biological variation, a subsequent test needs to differ from the former by more than the repeatability coefficient using the equation. Test 1 = Test 2 ± repeatability coefficient. The repeatability coefficients for measures of insulin resistance are unknown. Aim: To compare the repeatability coefficient of HOMA2 variants (Beta-cell function [%B], insulin sensitivity [%S], insulin resistance [IR]) to a dynamic measure of insulin resistance, and the oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) test. Setting: The raw data from a previously used data set were reanalysed. Methods: Glycaemic and insulinaemic tests were performed on 32 men and women both with (n = 10) and without type 2 diabetes (n = 22). From these data, eight fasting tests and three 50-g oral glucose tolerance tests were used to calculate HOMA2 and OGIS. The methods of Bland and Altman assessed repeatability. Results: Repeatability coefficients for all participants for the HOMA2 %B, %S and IR variants were 72.91, 189.75 and 0.9, which equates to 89%, 135% and 89% of their respective grand means. By contrast, OGIS had a repeatability coefficient of 87.13, which equates to 21% of the grand mean. Conclusion: Because of the high repeatability coefficient relative to the grand mean, use of HOMA2 measures for assessing insulin resistance in small population studies should be reconsidered.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://journalofmetabolichealth.org/index.php/jmh/article/view/27Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2960-0391Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/587d45e893e541c79c95d12c41aaff51Test

المؤلفون: Catherine R. Braunstein, Jarvis C. Noronha, Andrea J. Glenn, Effie Viguiliouk, Rebecca Noseworthy, Tauseef A. Khan, Fei Au-Yeung, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Robert G. Josse, Cyril W.C. Kendall, John L. Sievenpiper

المصدر: Nutrients, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 750 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: D-allulose, D-psicose, D-fructose, catalytic effects, postprandial blood glucose regulation, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641

الوصف: Recent literature suggests that catalytic doses (≤10 g/meal or 36 g/day) of D-fructose and D-allulose may reduce postprandial blood glucose responses to carbohydrate loads in people with and without type 2 diabetes by inducing glycogen synthesis. To assess the effect of small single doses of fructose and allulose on postprandial blood glucose regulation in response to a 75 g-oral glucose tolerance test (75 g-OGTT) in healthy individuals, we conducted an acute randomized, crossover, equivalence trial in healthy adults. Each participant randomly received six treatments, separated by a minimum one-week washout. Treatments consisted of a 75 g-OGTT with the addition of fructose or allulose at 0 g (control), 5 g or 10 g. A standard 75 g-OGTT protocol was followed with blood samples at −30, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 min. The primary outcome was the difference in plasma glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC). A total of 27 participants underwent randomization with data available from 25 participants. Small doses of fructose or allulose did not show a significant effect on plasma glucose iAUC or other secondary markers of postprandial blood glucose regulation in response to a 75 g-OGTT in healthy individuals. These results were limited by the low power to detect a significant difference, owing to greater than expected intra-individual coefficient of variation (CV) in plasma glucose iAUC. Overall, we failed to confirm the catalytic effects of small doses of fructose and allulose in healthy individuals. Future trials may consider recruiting larger sample sizes of healthy individuals. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT02459834.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/6/750Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/aea12840213c4cf0993293e0c9e396bfTest

المؤلفون: Thomas M.S. Wolever, Janice E. Campbell, Fei Au-Yeung, El Hadji M. Dioum, Varsha Shete, YiFang Chu

الوصف: Chia seed, high in dietary-fiber and protein, may have potential to increase satiety. However, previous studies are confounded by differences in energy intake, and none investigated doses CS7 (mean±SEM) (140±9 vs 122±10mm×h, p

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::ae4f3d14c271d7a6a0464d6f4233addeTest
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.0321.v1Test

المؤلفون: Thomas M.S. Wolever

المصدر: Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre. 29:100349

مصطلحات موضوعية: Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Food Science

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::e04ab51b5c450c8eb3f71c9a99622a79Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2023.100349Test