المؤلفون: Jesús Rodrigo Comino, Tamás Lassu, José María Senciales González, José Damián Ruiz Sinoga, Manuel Seeger, Johannes B. Ries

المصدر: Cuadernos Geográficos, Vol 54, Iss 1, Pp 6-26 (2015)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geography (General), G1-922

الوصف: El presente trabajo pretende examinar la respuesta erosiva del suelo en áreas cultivadas de viñe-dos sobre laderas en pendientes elevadas en el Valle del Ruwer (Alemania) a través de diferentes técnicas. Los experimentos se desarrollan entre los meses de septiembre y diciembre durante di-ferentes épocas de manejo del suelo: antes, durante y después de la vendimia. En primer lugar, se realiza un análisis de la variación geométrica de tres rills para cuantificar su expansión lateral (de 7 a 13 cm) y vertical (1 a 4 cm). El movimiento del suelo confirma una elevada variabilidad en los procesos hidro-geomorfológicos de la ladera. A continuación, a través del cálculo del coeficiente teórico de escorrentía a partir del número de curva y lluvias simuladas en diferentes épocas del año, se observan unas elevadas tasas de infiltración, aunque con resultados muy diferentes entre técnicas. Por último, con el cálculo de la RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Ecuation) y el aná-lisis de las marcas botánicas en los tocones de las parras, se calcula el impacto negativo de la ero-sión con el manejo agrícola del ser humano sobre los suelos de los viñedos. Con ambos métodos, se han obtenido 11.28 t ha-1 y 3.4 t ha-1 año de pérdida de suelo, respectivamente.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=17141131001Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0210-5462Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2340-0129Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/94a98a8f12bb45789f77bbb2f5496a23Test

المؤلفون: Tamás Lassu, Piet Peters, Manuel Seeger, Saskia Keesstra

المصدر: Land Degradation & Development. 26:604-612

مصطلحات موضوعية: Hydrology, Splash, Irrigation, Soil Science, Development, Atmospheric sciences, Spatial distribution, Soil gradation, Erosion, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Precipitation, Surface runoff, Intensity (heat transfer), General Environmental Science

الوصف: The set-up and characterisation of an indoor nozzle-type rainfall simulator (RS) at Wageningen University, the Netherlands, are presented. It is equipped with four Lechler nozzles (two nr. 460·788 and two nr. 461·008). The tilting irrigation plot is 6 m long and 2·5 m wide. An electrical pump supplies the constant flow during the experiments. The spatial distribution of the rainfall was measured with 60 rain gauges equally distributed on the experimental plot. Thies® Laser Precipitation Monitor was used to measure the size and falling velocity of the raindrops. Four different flow rates were applied (Q1–4). From the collected data, spatial rainfall intensity and spatial kinetic energy distribution maps were created; Christiansen uniformity coefficient was calculated for each flow rate. The results of the experiments revealed that the rainfall parameters (spatial rainfall intensity, kinetic energy, raindrop size distribution and fall velocity) in the RS are not homogeneous (Christiansen uniformity ranges from 68·5% to 83·2%). Accordingly, the whole plot can only be irrigated irregularly applying a wide range of intensities and rainfall energies. The RS offers a good opportunity to study great variety of process intensities such as splash erosion, runoff generation, soil aggregate stability, organic matter migration and scaled landscape development.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::b6dc5381c8c9c237cde2d3cb3be81684Test
https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2360Test

المؤلفون: Manuel Seeger, Steffen Seitz, Thomas Scholten, Piet Peters, Philipp Goebes, Tamás Lassu, Christian Geißler, Karin Nadrowski

المصدر: Journal of Hydrology 517 (2014)
Journal of Hydrology, 517, 310-316

مصطلحات موضوعية: Splash, Drop size, Materials science, Momentum, Drop (liquid), Soil science, Rainfall erosivity, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, Silt, Kinetic energy, Rainfall simulation, Soil Physics and Land Management, Splash cup, Geotechnical engineering, Water Science and Technology

الوصف: Summary Rainfall erosivity is a key component in soil erosion by water. While kinetic energy and momentum are used to describe the erosivity of rainfall, and both are derived from mass and velocity of raindrops, it is not clear how different substrates transform this energy. In our study we conducted rainfall simulation experiments to determine splash detachment amounts of five substrates (coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, PE balls, silt) for seven different rainfall intensities (52–116 mm h−1). We used linear mixed-effect modeling (LME) to calculate erosivity predictors for each substrate. Additionally, we separated drop-size-velocity relationship into lower left and upper right quarter to investigate the effect of small and slow just as big and fast raindrops on splash detachment amounts. We suggest using momentum divided by drop diameter as a substrate-independent erosivity predictor. To consider different substrates specific erosivity parameters are needed. Heavier substrates like sand are best described by kinetic energy multiplied by diameter whereas lighter substrates like silt point to momentum divided by diameter to the power of 1.5. Furthermore, our results show that substrates are differently affected by the size and velocity of drops. While splash detachment of light substances can be reliably predicted by drop size and velocity for small and slow drops, drop size and velocity loses its predictive power in heavier substrates like sand.

وصف الملف: application/pdf; application/octet-stream

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::53838fb8ba920d10b62232a9753b7f3dTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.031Test

المؤلفون: Novothny, Ágnes, Horváth, Erzsébet, Frechen, Manfred, Thiel, Christine, Wacha, Lara, Rolf, Christian

المساهمون: Tamás Lassu

مصطلحات موضوعية: loess, palaeosol, Süttő, geochronology, grain-size, MS, n-alkanes

الوصف: The loess-palaeosoil record in the Süttő travertine quarry, Hungary (47°44.26' N, 18°26.87' E, 256 m a.s.l.) provides an excellent high-resolution archive for palaeoenvironmental changes in the Northern part of the Carpathian Basin. Loess deposits up to 20 m thick cover the Süttő travertine complex, located next to the right bank of the Danube River. The loess is intercalated by two greyish stratified sandy loess horizons, three brownish steppe-like soils and a well developed pedocomplex in a palaeovalley infilling, including a reddish-brown palaeosoil, covered by a chernozem-like palaeosoil. Detailed luminescence dating was carried out using IRSL (infrared stimulated luminescence), OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) and IR-RF (infrared radiofluorscence) revealing more or less continuous sedimentation from MIS 6 to MIS 2. Independent age control is provided by radiocarbon dating for the upper part of the profile, by amino acid racemization (AAR) from the main loess units and by uranium-series(230Th/234U) ages correlating the travertine with MIS 7-8 from below the loess. The multi-dating approach provided an excellent chronological framework for the sediment succession at Süttő. High resolution granulometric, palaeomagnetic and biomarker investigations were carried out to improve our understanding regarding palaeoclimate- and environmental changes during the penultimate and last glacial cycles. Clay-, sand-, coarse sand content and “U ratio” were calculated from the results of high-resolution grain size measurements. The clay content showed excellent agreement with the magnetic susceptibility (MS) curve ; both are providing a good proxy for the local temperature and precipitation regime. The MS curve of Süttő shows a clear difference between loess and palaeosol horizons, indicating the alterations of arid and more humid environments. Correlation of Süttő relative palaeointensity (RPI) records to the high resolution RPI stack GLOPIS is not perfect in detail, but generally convincing. Mono Lake and Laschamp excursion are not recorded in palaeomagnetic directions at the Süttő loess palaeosol sequence. More detailed environmental magnetic investigations are in progress. In addition to these proxies n-alkane patterns derived from the loess and palaeosoils were examined to reconstruct the vegetation cover. All samples show a clear odd-over-even predominance (OEP), which is typical for cuticular plant leaf waxes. Different n-alkane ratios are compared, all of which show similar developing.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=57a035e5b1ae::68066eb3364665032d61e4ac4bba97c6Test
https://www.bib.irb.hr/493647Test