المؤلفون: Taiwo A. Obembe, Adebisi B. Adenipekun, Oyewale M Oyewale, Kehinde O. Odebunmi

المصدر: BMC Health Services Research, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Essential medicines, Local pharmaceutical manufacturers, Tax and Tariff, Price and affordability, Access to medicines, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: Abstract Background Universal access to quality and affordable medicines is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Access to essential medicines is defined as the availability of medicine at an affordable price in public and private health institutions including retail pharmacies in the proximity of less than an hour from the home of the population. The dependence on importation to meet the drug needs of an expanding population has implications on the growth of the local pharmaceutical industry, availability, and affordability of essential medicines in the country. This study aims to understand the dynamics of tariffs and tax policy on local drug production in the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria. Methods This was a qualitative study involving the use of Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). A total of 15 stakeholders were interviewed. Interviews conducted were analysed thematically. The data generated were analysed using Atlas.Ti version 8.2. Results Assessment of the pharmaceutical industry sub-sector underscores myriads of challenges facing the industry and explains why the pharmaceutical industries in Nigeria are performing sub-optimally. Key stakeholders in the sector expressed concern about the fact that substantial percentage of drugs consumed in Nigeria are imported. Local manufacturers are underperforming due to several factors. Some highlighted factors were unfriendly tax environment, high cost of production, infrastructural deficit, low patronage from the government, and lack of access to low-interest rate loans. However, tax incentives and tax cuts are proven strategies to encourage and facilitate the growth of entrepreneurs in the pharmaceutical industry. Conclusions Stakeholders’ perspective of implications of the tax environment on the pharmaceutical sector of Nigeria revealed the unfriendliness of the government policy to local manufacturers. Although the checklist for availability and prices of essential medicines in Osun state, Nigeria revealed that the pre-selected drugs were available in the facilities, the observed prices further affirmed the relative difficulty that is experienced by local manufacturers to compete with imported brands of the same drugs.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6963Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8802ae3bb0b74c798cd7e5f3cf4fe7e7Test

المؤلفون: Taiwo A. Obembe, Adebisi B. Adenipekun, Oyewale M. Morakinyo, Kehinde O. Odebunmi

المصدر: BMC Health Services Research, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-1 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6963Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/6d7da01f068847fa82c8434e31efac36Test

المؤلفون: Taiwo A. Obembe, Ayo S. Adebowale, Kehinde O. Odebunmi

المصدر: BMC Research Notes, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Female condom, Barrier methods, Perceived confidence, Tertiary students, Undergraduates, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Science (General), Q1-390

الوصف: Abstract Background Latex condoms for men have been documented to offer high efficacy as both a contraceptive and protection against sexually transmitted diseases. This equally establishes the importance of continued research on female condoms. This study aims to investigate the perceived confidence to use the female condoms amongst undergraduate female students from selected tertiary institutions from Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria. Methods The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving 388 female undergraduate students selected through a multistage sampling technique. The survey was carried using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences to generate frequencies, cross tabulations of variables at 5% level of significance. Results Mean age of respondents 18.26 ± 3.45 with most students being 20–24 years (55.2%), single (92.8%), Yorubas (85.6%) and from the polytechnic institutions (41.0%). Only 10.8% had good perceived confidence to use a female condom. Perceived confidence was significantly higher amongst other ethnicities (19.59 ± 3.827) compared to Yoruba ethnicity (18.04 ± 3.337) (F = 9.935; p

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-017-2730-6Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1756-0500Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ca0f59ef15984e82b2eb8892cc2a8f52Test

المؤلفون: Folashayo Ikenna Peter Adeniji, Taiwo Akinyode Obembe

المصدر: Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Vol 10, Iss 1 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7

الوصف: **Background:** Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) impose an enormous and growing economic burden on households in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Like many chronic health conditions, CVD predisposes families to catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), especially in SSA due to the low health insurance coverage. This study assessed the impact of CVD on the risks of incurring higher CHE among households in Ghana and South Africa. **Methods:** The World Health Organization (WHO) Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (WHO SAGE), Wave 1, implemented 2007-2010, was utilized. Following standard procedure, CHE was defined as the health expenditure above 5%, 10%, and 25% of total household expenditure. Similarly, a 40% threshold was applied to household total nonfood expenditure, also referred to as the capacity to pay. To compare the difference in mean CHE by household CVD status and the predictors of CHE, Student’s _t_-test and logistic regression were utilized. **Results:** The share of medical expenditure in total household spending was higher among households with CVD in Ghana and South Africa. Households with CVD were more likely to experience greater CHE across all the thresholds in Ghana. Households who reported having CVD were twice as likely to incur CHE at 5% threshold (odds ratio [OR], 1.946; confidence interval [CI], 0.965-1.095), 3 times as likely at 10% threshold (OR, 2.710; CI, 1.401-5.239), and 4 times more likely to experience CHE at both 25% and 40% thresholds, (OR, 3.696; CI, 0.956-14.286) and (OR, 4.107; CI, 1.908-8.841), respectively. In South Africa, households with CVD experienced higher CHE across all the thresholds examined compared with households without CVDs. However, only household CVD status, household health insurance status, and the presence of other disease conditions apart from CVD were associated with incurring CHE. Households who reported having CVD were 3 times more likely to incur CHE compared with households without CVD (OR, 3.002; CI, 1.013-8.902). **Conclusions:** Our findings suggest that CVD predisposed households to risk of higher CHE. Equity in health financing presupposes that access to health insurance should be predicated on individual health needs. Thus, targeting and prioritizing the health needs of individuals with regard to healthcare financing interventions in SSA is needed.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2327-2236Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1e0f471502b74bd4878468bf821d4f38Test

المؤلفون: Ayodeji M. Adebayo, Olutoyin O. Sekoni, Scholastica N. Lan, Oladoyin M. Odubanjo, Oluwaseun O Akinyemi, Taiwo A Obembe, Anjolaoluwa O. Olanipekun, Kayode O. Osungbade, Akinyinka O. Omigbodun

المصدر: The Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 90-107 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: science literacy, secondary education, quality learning, science teachers’ profile, Science

الوصف: The demand for quality science education requires periodic assessment for its improvement especially in areas with previous challenges. This study was conducted to assess the current status of science education in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria. A cross-sectional design, combining a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative data collection approach, was used following a records review. Schools were selected using a cluster sampling technique. Science education status was ascertained by three parameters: students’ pass rates in science subjects in the Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination, science teachers’ profile (assessed with a 14-item self-administered questionnaire) and availability and functionality of infrastructure for science education using an observational checklist. In-depth interviews were conducted among relevant stakeholders using an in-depth interview guide. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and a thematic approach respectively. Students’ pass rates were below 50% in Mathematics and Biology but above in Physics, Chemistry and Agricultural Science. The science teacher: student ratio was 1:8 and 37.5% of the teachers were members of the Nigerian Science Teachers Association. One school (8.3%) had a computer library that was adequately equipped. Laboratory facilities were mostly multipurpose in nature. A quarter of the schools had no library while 33.3% had grossly inadequate library facilities. Opinions about science education status among the respondents was widely divergent with some feeling that it was good while others felt otherwise. This study revealed poor status of science education as evidenced by a low science teacher-student ratio and lack of basic infrastructure for science education. Interventions to improve these findings are recommended.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://nasjournal.org.ng/site/index.php/pnas/article/view/84/67Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0794-7976Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2705-327XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/4f407a4d8e5c4be5bc2fb2634efd63dbTest

المؤلفون: Taiwo A Obembe, Jonathan Levin, Sharon Fonn

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0255354 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Background Out of Pocket (OOP) payment continues to persist as the major mode of payment for healthcare in Nigeria despite the introduction of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Although the burden of health expenditure has been examined in some populations, the impact of OOP among slum dwellers in Nigeria when undergoing emergencies, is under-researched. This study sought to examine the prevalence, factors and predictors of catastrophic health expenditure amongst selected slum and non-slum communities undergoing emergency surgery in Southwestern Nigeria. Methods The study utilised a descriptive cross-sectional survey design to recruit 450 households through a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires in 2017. Factors considered for analysis relating to the payer were age, sex, relationship of payer to patient, educational status, marital status, ethnicity, occupation, income and health insurance coverage. Variables factored into analysis for the patient were indication for surgery, grade of hospital, and type of hospital. Households were classified as incurring catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), if their OOP expenditure exceeded 5% of payers' household budget. Analysis of the data took into account the multistage sampling design. Results Overall, 65.6% (95% CI: 55.6-74.5) of the total population that were admitted for emergency surgery, experienced catastrophic expenditure. The prevalence of catastrophic expenditure at 5% threshold, among the population scheduled for emergency surgeries, was significantly higher for slum dwellers (74.1%) than for non-slum dwellers (47.7%) (F = 8.59; p = 0.019). Multiple logistic regression models revealed the significant independent factors of catastrophic expenditure at the 5% CHE threshold to include setting of the payer (whether slum or non-slum dweller) (p = 0.019), and health insurance coverage of the payer (p = 0.012). Other variables were nonetheless significant in the bivariate analysis were age of ...

العلاقة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255354Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Test; https://doaj.org/article/01f34d280c3e4ad18cd481a24b07d9c0Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255354Test
https://doaj.org/article/01f34d280c3e4ad18cd481a24b07d9c0Test

المؤلفون: Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo, Ayo Stephen Adebowale, Taiwo Akinyode Obembe, Elizabeth Omoladun Oloruntoba

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 12, p e0243356 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Maternal undernutrition remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Yet, most interventional programmes are focused on infant and child nutrition outcomes and not on maternal nutrition-related outcomes. Evidence suggests that the integration of household environmental interventions into nutrition actions can make a difference in reducing the burden of maternal undernutrition. This study examined the influence of household environmental conditions (HHEC) on the nutritional status of women of childbearing age in Nigeria using secondary data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The original sample of 38,948 women age 15-49 years was selected using multi-stage probability sampling. The sample for the current analysis was 23,344 after exclusion of women due to health status or provision of incomplete information. The dependent and main independent variables were undernutrition (defined as Body Mass Index below 18.5) and HHEC (generated from cooking fuel, toilet type, source of drinking water, and housing materials) respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and logistic regression model at 5% level of significance. The prevalence of undernutrition among women living in houses with unimproved and improved HHEC was 17.2% and 7.2% respectively. The adjusted odds of undernutrition was significantly higher among women who lived in houses with unimproved HHEC (aOR = 2.02, C.I = 1.37-2.97, p <0.001). The odds of undernutrition are greater in young women (aOR = 2.38, C.I. = 1.88-3.00, p <0.001) compared to older, and those of lower wealth status (aOR = 2.14, CI = 1.69-2.71, p <0.001) compared to higher. Other predictors of undernutrition in women of reproductive age in Nigeria include the level of education, marital status, and working status. Living in a house with unimproved environmental conditions is a predictor of undernutrition in women. The integration of environmental and nutrition programmes could assist in addressing this burden in Nigeria.

العلاقة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243356Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Test; https://doaj.org/article/0212f4f6a5fb499383a20bc7faf9a10cTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243356Test
https://doaj.org/article/0212f4f6a5fb499383a20bc7faf9a10cTest

المؤلفون: Taiwo A Obembe, Ademola T Olajide, Michael C Asuzu

المصدر: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 7, Iss 4, Pp 684-692 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Conflict, doctor, hospital, managerial dynamics, nurse, Medicine

الوصف: Background: In the hospital, authority does not usually comes from a single person nor is it exercised in a single chain of command as is obtainable in most formal organizations. Doctors exercise substantial authority within the organizational structure of the hospital and therefore enjoy high autonomy in the hospital setting. This nature of autonomy within the medical and its allied professions has the propensity to incite conflicts within the hospital settings. The study thus sought to examine how the relationship of authority and influence between doctors and nurses within the hospital organization generates conflicts and to evaluate the effectiveness of managerial procedures utilized to resolve doctor–nurse conflict in the selected hospitals. Methods: Semi-structured questionnaires were self-administered to 323 health workers who were sampled from one secondary and the only one tertiary hospital in the state at the time. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with three groups each of doctors and nurses in the selected hospitals. The organograms of both organizations were also reviewed to evaluate structural relationships of authority between doctors and nurses. Data were analyzed using unadjusted odd ratios at 95% level of significance. Results: Respondents were also twice likely to attest that the command structure and its ability to resolve conflicts was below average in assessment (odds ratio [OR] – 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] – 1.27–3.29). Undue advantage (partisan approach) for a particular group by management to conflict resolution was thrice likely to be practiced in both hospitals but more in state hospital compared to the federal medical center (OR – 2.93; 95% CI – 1.54–5.58). Some findings from respondents in the FGDs revealed lackadaisical approach by the management in tackling conflicts among health workers. Conclusion: Doctor–nurse conflict is caused by several organizational and managerial factors. Hospital management must understand the interplay of these factors and institute ...

العلاقة: http://www.jfmpc.com/article.asp?issn=2249-4863;year=2018;volume=7;issue=4;spage=684;epage=692;aulastTest=Obembe; https://doaj.org/toc/2249-4863Test; https://doaj.org/article/791b91483353436f99f1a3356df5d932Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_353_17Test
https://doaj.org/article/791b91483353436f99f1a3356df5d932Test

المؤلفون: Taiwo A Obembe, Winifred U Adenuga, Michael C Asuzu

المصدر: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 7, Iss 4, Pp 671-677 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Malnutrition, nutrition, primary health care, schoolchildren, wasting, Medicine

الوصف: Background: Wasting is linked to about one-third of mortality among school-age children. More studies have centered on stunting among under-five children, with few documented studies exploring comparability and determinants of wasting among school pupils in southwestern Nigeria. This study aimed to investigate the comparability and determinants of wasting among schoolchildren in rural and urban communities of Obafemi-Owode local government area, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study utilizing a quantitative approach was carried out among children both in rural and urban primary schools. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. EPI-INFO version 6.03 was used, children were classified as wasted if weight-for-height Z-scores were <2 standard deviations below the National Center for Health Statistics/World Health Organization median. Associations were tested using t-tests and Chi-square test, while predictors were examined with logistic regression at 95% level of significance. Results: Male gender was predominant (54.6%). Significantly more pupils from rural areas lived with grandparents and other guardians (60.3%) compared to their urban counterparts (39.7% P = 0.005). Pupils from rural schools were four times more likely to be wasted compared to those located in urban regions (odds ratio [OR]: 4.2; 95 confidence interval [CI] = 2.24–7.69). Male pupils were twice likely to be wasted compared to the female pupils (OR: 2.08; 95 CI = 1.22–3.55). Conclusion: Conclusively, the study revealed that the prevalence of wasting was higher among children from rural schools than in urban schools. There is an urgent need to implement viable interventions and policies that address nutritional deficiencies in primary school pupils, particularly in rural areas.

العلاقة: http://www.jfmpc.com/article.asp?issn=2249-4863;year=2018;volume=7;issue=4;spage=671;epage=677;aulastTest=Obembe; https://doaj.org/toc/2249-4863Test; https://doaj.org/article/7f399eb9b6554186a5402df1c2358cf2Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_324_17Test
https://doaj.org/article/7f399eb9b6554186a5402df1c2358cf2Test

المؤلفون: Olasheni Abdul-Afeez Somotun, Kayode Omoniyi Osungbade, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Taiwo Akinyode Obembe, Folashayo Ikenna Adeniji

المصدر: The Pan African Medical Journal, Vol 26, Iss 228 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: length of stay, stroke, hypertension, health systems development, Medicine

الوصف: BACGROUND: Increased emphasis is being laid on ensuring that health resources are efficiently utilized, especially in resource-constrained settings such as in Nigeria. One of the main indices of how efficiently a health institution is being run is Length of Stay (LOS), which is likely to be higher in chronic diseases such as stroke and diabetes. Stroke is a chronic disease that is currently on the rise in Low and Middle income countries (LMICs) who are also characterized by constraint of health resources. This study seeks to determine the LOS of stroke patients as well as factors that affect it. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of health records of stroke victims admitted into the medical wards of the University College Hospital, Ibadan between January 2012 and December 2014 was conducted. Data on sociodemographic information, comorbidities and risk factors were extracted while LOS was calculated by counting the number of days the patient was admitted. Analysis was carried out using SPSS. RESULTS: A total of 143 records were used in the final analysis with 53.1% of them being males and having a mean age of 61.5 � 14.2 years. More than half (53.8%) of the cases were ischemic strokes. The average length of stay was 13.7 , 8.9 days while bivariate analysis showed that a greater proportion of cases who consumed alcohol, had diabetes and hypertension had LOS of over 7 days than those who did not. However, these differences in proportions were not statistically significant (0.310 p=0.883). CONCLUSION: LOS of stroke patients in Nigeria was shown to be prolonged especially when compared to similar settings in West Africa. The high prevalence of some of the risk factors of stroke such as diabetes mellitus indicates that policy and advocacy to drive changes in lifestyle are necessary to reduce the incidence of stroke and its consequent burden on health systems.

العلاقة: https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/26/228/pdf/228.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688Test; https://doaj.org/article/09eb89269a9e4fc695003e0e1f8d393cTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.26.228.12249Test
https://doaj.org/article/09eb89269a9e4fc695003e0e1f8d393cTest