المؤلفون: Alemu, Gadisa^{1, 1}, Dabi, Alemu¹, Sime, Berhanu¹, Geleta, Negash¹, Delesa, Abebe¹, Zegaye, Habtemariam¹, Duga, Ruth¹, Kasahun, Cherinet¹, Negash, Tamirat¹, Solomon, Tafesse¹, Zewdu, Demeke¹, Asefa, Bayisa¹, Tadesse, Zerihun¹, Abeyo, Bekele², Badebo, Ayele², Bayisa, Tilahun³

المصدر: International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14(8):1141-1153. 2023

المؤلفون: Delesa, Abebe¹, Dabi, Alemu, Alemu, Gadisa, Geleta, Negash, Solomon, Tafesse, Zegeye, Habtemariam, Duga, Rut, Asnake, Dawit, Asefa, Bayisa, Tadesse, Zerihun, Getamesay, Abebe

المصدر: International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14(1):19-32. 2023

المؤلفون: Alemu, Gadisa^{1, 1}, Geleta, Negash¹, Dabi, Alemu¹, Duga, Ruth¹, Kasahun, Cherinet¹, Delasa, Abebe¹, Negash, Tamirat¹, Solomon, Tafesse¹, Zegaye, Habtemariam¹, Getamesay, Abebe¹, Asnake, Dawit¹, Asefa, Bayisa¹, Tadesse, Zerihun¹, Sime, Berhanu¹, Abeyo, Bekele², Badebo, Ayele², Girma, Endashaw³, Bayisa, Tilahun⁴

المصدر: International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13(10):1090-1097. 2022

المؤلفون: Delesa, Abebe¹, Alemu, Gadisa, Geleta, Negash, Dabi, Alemu, Zegeye, Habtemariyam, Solomon, Tafesse, Duga, Rut, Asnake, Dawit, Tadesse, Zerihun, Asefa, Bayisa, Getamesay, Abebe

المصدر: International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13(1):69-80. 2022

المؤلفون: Gamessa, Tadesse Waktola^{1, 1}, Tadesse, Zerihun Ketema¹, Abebe, Samuel Tadesse¹, Ibrahim, Mahdi Abdella¹, Obse, Regassa Bayisa¹, Ahmed, Yakob Seman²

المصدر: Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 14(10):5475-5478. 2021

المؤلفون: Mahmud, Hamidah, Haile, Berhan, Tadesse, Zerihun, Gebresillasie, Sintayehu, Shiferaw, Ayalew, Zerihun, Mulat, Liu, Zijun, Callahan, E, Cotter, Sun, Varnado, Nicole, Oldenburg, Catherine, Porco, Travis, Keenan, Jeremy, Lietman, Thomas

المصدر: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 77(3)

مصطلحات موضوعية: chlamydia, clinical trial, mass drug administration, trachoma, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Azithromycin, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mass Drug Administration, Prevalence, Trachoma, Infant, Newborn

الوصف: BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend annual community-wide mass administration of azithromycin for trachoma. Targeting treatments to those most likely to be infected could reduce the amount of unnecessary antibiotics distributed. METHODS: In a cluster-randomized trial conducted from 1 November 2010 through 8 November 2013, 48 Ethiopian communities previously treated with annual mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma were randomized in equal numbers to (1) annual azithromycin distributions targeted to children aged 0-5 years, (2) annual azithromycin distributions targeted to households with a child aged 0-5 years found to have clinically active trachoma, (3) continued annual mass azithromycin distributions to the entire community, or (4) cessation of treatment. The primary outcome was the community prevalence of ocular chlamydia infection among children aged 0-9 years at month 36. Laboratory personnel were masked to treatment allocation. RESULTS: The prevalence of ocular chlamydia infection among children aged 0-9 years increased from 4.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], .9%-8.6%) at baseline to 8.7% (95% CI, 4.2%-13.9%) at month 36 in the age-targeted arm, and from 2.8% (95% CI, .8%-5.3%) at baseline to 6.3% (95% CI, 2.9%-10.6%) at month 36 in the household-targeted arm. After adjusting for baseline chlamydia prevalence, the 36-month prevalence of ocular chlamydia was 2.4 percentage points greater in the age-targeted group (95% CI, -4.8% to 9.6%; P = .50; prespecified primary analysis). No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Targeting azithromycin treatment to preschool children was no different than targeting azithromycin to households with a child with clinically active trachoma. Neither approach reduced ocular chlamydia over the 3-year study. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01202331.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58t708w5Test

المؤلفون: Tedijanto, Christine, Solomon, Anthony W, Martin, Diana L, Nash, Scott D, Keenan, Jeremy D, Lietman, Thomas M, Lammie, Patrick J, Aiemjoy, Kristen, Amza, Abdou, Aragie, Solomon, Arzika, Ahmed M, Callahan, E Kelly, Carolan, Sydney, Dawed, Adisu Abebe, Goodhew, E Brook, Gwyn, Sarah, Hammou, Jaouad, Kadri, Boubacar, Kalua, Khumbo, Maliki, Ramatou, Nassirou, Beido, Seife, Fikre, Tadesse, Zerihun, West, Sheila K, Wittberg, Dionna M, Zeru Tadege, Taye, Arnold, Benjamin F

المصدر: Nature communications. 14(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Humans, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trachoma, Antibodies, Bacterial, Antigens, Bacterial, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Infant, Pediatric Research Initiative, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Infectious Diseases, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Infection, Good Health and Well Being

الوصف: Trachoma, caused by ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection, is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem by 2030. To provide evidence for use of antibodies to monitor C. trachomatis transmission, we collated IgG responses to Pgp3 antigen, PCR positivity, and clinical observations from 19,811 children aged 1-9 years in 14 populations. We demonstrate that age-seroprevalence curves consistently shift along a gradient of transmission intensity: rising steeply in populations with high levels of infection and active trachoma and becoming flat in populations near elimination. Seroprevalence (range: 0-54%) and seroconversion rates (range: 0-15 per 100 person-years) correlate with PCR prevalence (r: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.97). A seroprevalence threshold of 13.5% (seroconversion rate 2.75 per 100 person-years) identifies clusters with any PCR-identified infection at high sensitivity ( >90%) and moderate specificity (69-75%). Antibody responses in young children provide a robust, generalizable approach to monitor population progress toward and beyond trachoma elimination.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5pz2b8dzTest

المؤلفون: Mosenia, Arman, Haile, Berhan A, Shiferaw, Ayalew, Gebresillasie, Sintayehu, Gebre, Teshome, Zerihun, Mulat, Tadesse, Zerihun, Emerson, Paul M, Callahan, E Kelly, Zhou, Zhaoxia, Lietman, Thomas M, Keenan, Jeremy D

المصدر: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 76(6)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Child, Humans, Infant, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Trachoma, Azithromycin, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mass Drug Administration, Prevalence, trachoma, ocular chlamydia, geographic information systems, mass drug administration, azithromycin, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical sciences

الوصف: BackgroundMass administration of azithromycin is an established strategy for decreasing the prevalence of trachoma in endemic areas. However, nearby untreated communities could serve as a reservoir that may increase the chances of chlamydia reinfection in treated communities.MethodsAs part of a cluster-randomized trial in Ethiopia, 60 communities were randomized to receive mass azithromycin distributions and 12 communities were randomized to no treatments until after the first year. Ocular chlamydia was assessed from a random sample of children per community at baseline and month 12. Distances between treated and untreated communities were assessed from global positioning system coordinates collected for the study.ResultsThe pretreatment prevalence of ocular chlamydia among 0 to 9 year olds was 43% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%-47%), which decreased to 11% (95% CI, 9%-14%) at the 12-month visit. The posttreatment prevalence of chlamydia was significantly higher in communities that were closer to an untreated community after adjusting for baseline prevalence and the number of mass treatments during the year (odds ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.03-1.22] for each 1 km closer to an untreated community).ConclusionsMass azithromycin distributions to wide, contiguous geographic areas may reduce the likelihood of continued ocular chlamydia infection in the setting of mass antibiotic treatments.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nn387j0Test

المؤلفون: Tedijanto, Christine, Aragie, Solomon, Tadesse, Zerihun, Haile, Mahteme, Zeru, Taye, Nash, Scott D, Wittberg, Dionna M, Gwyn, Sarah, Martin, Diana L, Sturrock, Hugh JW, Lietman, Thomas M, Keenan, Jeremy D, Arnold, Benjamin F

المصدر: PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 16(3)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Humans, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trachoma, Azithromycin, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Ethiopia, Infectious Diseases, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Detection, screening and diagnosis, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Tropical Medicine

الوصف: Trachoma is an infectious disease characterized by repeated exposures to Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) that may ultimately lead to blindness. Efficient identification of communities with high infection burden could help target more intensive control efforts. We hypothesized that IgG seroprevalence in combination with geospatial layers, machine learning, and model-based geostatistics would be able to accurately predict future community-level ocular Ct infections detected by PCR. We used measurements from 40 communities in the hyperendemic Amhara region of Ethiopia to assess this hypothesis. Median Ct infection prevalence among children 0-5 years old increased from 6% at enrollment, in the context of recent mass drug administration (MDA), to 29% by month 36, following three years without MDA. At baseline, correlation between seroprevalence and Ct infection was stronger among children 0-5 years old (ρ = 0.77) than children 6-9 years old (ρ = 0.48), and stronger than the correlation between active trachoma and Ct infection (0-5y ρ = 0.56; 6-9y ρ = 0.40). Seroprevalence was the strongest concurrent predictor of infection prevalence at month 36 among children 0-5 years old (cross-validated R2 = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58-0.85), though predictive performance declined substantially with increasing temporal lag between predictor and outcome measurements. Geospatial variables, a spatial Gaussian process, and stacked ensemble machine learning did not meaningfully improve predictions. Serological markers among children 0-5 years old may be an objective tool for identifying communities with high levels of ocular Ct infections, but accurate, future prediction in the context of changing transmission remains an open challenge.

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2n40n52gTest

المؤلفون: Harte, Anna J., Ghasemian, Ehsan, Pickering, Harry, Houghton, Joanna, Chernet, Ambahun, Sata, Eshetu, Yismaw, Gizachew, Zeru, Taye, Tadesse, Zerihun, Callahan, E. Kelly, Nash, Scott D., Holland, Martin

المساهمون: Ngondi, Jeremiah M., Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the United Kingdom Department for International Development, United States Agency for International Development, Austrian Science Fund

المصدر: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases ; volume 18, issue 4, page e0012143 ; ISSN 1935-2735

الوصف: Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide and is now largely confined to around 40 low- and middle-income countries. It is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), a contagious intracellular bacterium. The World Health Organization recommends mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin for treatment and control of ocular Ct infections, alongside improving facial cleanliness and environmental conditions to reduce transmission. To understand the molecular epidemiology of trachoma, especially in the context of MDA and transmission dynamics, the identification of Ct genotypes could be useful. While many studies have used the Ct major outer membrane protein gene ( omp A) for genotyping, it has limitations. Our study applies a typing system novel to trachoma, Multiple Loci Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis combined with omp A (MLVA- omp A). Ocular swabs were collected post-MDA from four trachoma-endemic zones in Ethiopia between 2011–2017. DNA from 300 children with high Ct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) loads was typed using MLVA- omp A, utilizing 3 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci within the Ct genome. Results show that MLVA- omp A exhibited high discriminatory power (0.981) surpassing the recommended threshold for epidemiological studies. We identified 87 MLVA- omp A variants across 26 districts. No significant associations were found between variants and clinical signs or chlamydial load. Notably, overall Ct diversity significantly decreased after additional MDA rounds, with a higher proportion of serovar A post-MDA. Despite challenges in sequencing one VNTR locus (CT1299), MLVA- omp A demonstrated cost-effectiveness and efficiency relative to whole genome sequencing, providing valuable information for trachoma control programs on local epidemiology. The findings suggest the potential of MLVA- omp A as a reliable tool for typing ocular Ct and understanding transmission dynamics, aiding in the development of targeted interventions for trachoma control.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012143Test