المؤلفون: Shil Jin, Sung-Sik Kang, Jeong Il Won, Hyoun Ju Kim, Sun Sik Jang, Sung Woo Kim

المصدر: Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Vol 39, Iss 2, Pp 121-130 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: birth weight, gestation length, hanwoo, reproductive trait, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Medicine (General), R5-920, Internal medicine, RC31-1245

الوصف: Background: This study focused on reproductive traits in Hanwoo cattle, specifically the environmental factors affecting gestation length and birth weight. Methods: The records of 1,540 cows calved at the Hanwoo Research Institute from 2015 to 2023 were examined. This study analyzed two populations, line-breeding Hanwoo (LBH) and general Hanwoo (GH), with all cows undergoing estrus synchronization and artificial insemination. The R software was used to compare the differences between the two populations and analyze the environmental factors affecting each trait. Results: The results showed that the average gestation length for LBH was 283.28 ± 5.93 days, which was significantly shorter than that of the GH, which had an average of 285.63 ± 6.21 days (p < 0.001). The average birth weight of LBH calves was 25.10 ± 3.69 kg, significantly lighter than GH calves, which weighed 27.26 ± 4.11 kg on average (p < 0.001). Analysis of environmental factors revealed significant differences in the gestation length of LBH based on dam parity, year, and season of calving. However, no significant differences were observed based on calf sex. For LBH, birth weight showed significant differences based on dam parity, year of calving, and sex of the calf, but not the season of calving. In GH, gestation length varied with dam parity and calving season, but not with calving year or calf sex. The GH birth weight showed differences based on dam parity, year of calving, and calf sex, but not the season of calving. Conclusions: Reproductive traits in the Hanwoo cattle industry are economically vital but are heavily influenced by environmental factors due to their low heritability. An accurate evaluation of the genetic potential of these traits requires an analysis of the environmental factors affecting them. The results of this study serve as foundational data for predicting the potential for genetic improvement in the gestation length and birth weight of Hanwoo cattle.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.e-jarb.org/journal/view.html?uid=2697&vmd=FullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2671-4639Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2671-4663Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/11509781ac7142f4a681b45e156bf441Test

المؤلفون: Timothy E. Boston, Feng Wang, Xi Lin, Sung Woo Kim, Vivek Fellner, Mark F. Scott, Amanda L. Ziegler, Laurianne Van Landeghem, Anthony T. Blikslager, Jack Odle

المصدر: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Galactooligosaccharide, Gut microbiome, Intestinal villi, Prebiotics, Weaning, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100

الوصف: Abstract Background Weaning stress reduces growth performance and health of young pigs due in part to an abrupt change in diets from highly digestible milk to fibrous plant-based feedstuffs. This study investigated whether dietary galactooligosaccharide (GOS), supplemented both pre- and post-weaning, could improve growth performance and intestinal health via alterations in the hindgut microbial community. Methods Using a 3 × 2 factorial design, during farrowing 288 piglets from 24 litters received either no creep feed (FC), creep without GOS (FG–) or creep with 5% GOS (FG+) followed by a phase 1 nursery diet without (NG–) or with 3.8% GOS (NG+). Pigs were sampled pre- (D22) and post-weaning (D31) to assess intestinal measures. Results Creep fed pigs grew 19% faster than controls (P

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2049-1891Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/cd9a36242183443686ced8293d74571cTest

المؤلفون: Hee Yeon Kim, Jun-Ok Moon, Sung Woo Kim

المصدر: Animal Nutrition, Vol 17, Iss , Pp 265-282 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Digestion, Feed additive, Feedstuff, In vitro, Intestine, Pig, Animal culture, SF1-1100

الوصف: In vitro model provides alternatives to the use of live animals in research. In pig nutrition, there has been a tremendous increase in in vivo research over the decades. Proper utilization of in vitro models could provide a screening tool to reduce the needs of in vivo studies, research duration, cost, and the use of animals and feeds. This study aimed to develop a multi-step porcine in vitro system to simulate nutrient digestion and intestinal epithelial immune responses affected by feedstuffs and feed additives. Seven feedstuffs (corn, corn distillers dried grains with solubles [corn DDGS], barley, wheat, soybean meal, soy protein concentrates, and Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass [CGCM]), feed enzymes (xylanase and phytase), and supplemental amino acids (arginine, methionine, and tryptophan), were used in this in vitro evaluation for their efficacy on digestibility, digesta characteristics, and intestinal health compared with the results from previously published in vivo studies. All in vitro evaluations were triplicated. Data were analyzed using Mixed procedure of SAS9.4. Evaluations included (1) nutrient digestibility of feedstuffs, (2) the effects of feed enzymes, xylanase and phytase, on digestibility of feedstuffs and specific substrates, and (3) the effects of amino acids, arginine, tryptophan, and methionine, on anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-heat stress statuses showing their effects (P

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654524000143Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2405-6545Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/34533c8f7573464eadd14416c99c6352Test

المؤلفون: Amanda Medeiros Correia, Jansller Luiz Genova, Sung Woo Kim, Fernanda Fialho Abranches, Gabriel Cipriano Rocha

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Autolyzed yeast, Gut health, Performance, Piglets, Nucleotides, Sodium butyrate, Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract This study investigated the effects of supplemental nucleotides, autolyzed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and sodium butyrate in diets for nursery pigs on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, blood profile, intestinal morphology, mRNA expression of nutrient transporters, inflammatory markers, antioxidant profile, and tight junction proteins in the small intestine. One hundred eighty 21-day-old pigs (5.17 ± 0.57 kg) were assigned in a randomized block design to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: (1) CON: control, basal diet, (2) NUC: CON + nucleotides, (3) YSC: CON + lysed yeast S. cerevisiae, (4) ASB: CON + acidifier sodium butyrate. Pigs were fed for 24 days, phase 1 (21–32 days) and 2 (32–45 days). During phase 1, YSC and ASB improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC) compared with CON. At the overall period, ASB improved ADG and YSC improved FC compared with CON. The NUC diet did not affect growth performance. The ASB increased ileal villus height compared to CON. The YSC and ASB reduced the number of Peyer’s patches in the ileum compared with CON. The YSC increased mRNA expression of nutrient transporters (SMCT2, MCT1, and PepT1), tight junction proteins (OCL and ZO-1), antioxidants (GPX), and IL1-β in the jejunum compared with CON. The ASB increased mRNA expression of nutrient transporters (SGLT1 and MCT1), tight junction proteins (OCL and ZO-1), and antioxidants (GPX and SOD) compared with CON. In conclusion, autolyzed yeast and sodium butyrate promoted growth performance by improving the integrity of the intestinal barrier, the mRNA expression of nutrient transporters, and antioxidant enzymes in the jejunum of nursery pigs whereas supplementation of nucleotides did not show such effects.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/069a049462c241d09a603a6a049ff29dTest

المؤلفون: Hyunjun Choi, Yesid Garavito Duarte, Guilherme A. M. Pasquali, Sung Woo Kim

المصدر: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Glucanase, Growth performance, Intestinal health, Nursery pigs, Xylanase, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100

الوصف: Abstract Background Xylanase and β-glucanase combination (XG) hydrolyzes soluble non-starch polysaccharides that are anti-nutritional compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of XG on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs. Methods Forty pigs (6.5 ± 0.4 kg) were assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed for 35 d in 3 phases (11, 9, and 15 d, respectively). Basal diets mainly included corn, soybean meal, and corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles, contained phytase (750 FTU/kg), and were supplemented with 5 levels of XG at (1) 0, (2) 280 TXU/kg xylanase and 125 TGU/kg β-glucanase, (3) 560 and 250, (4) 840 and 375, or (5) 1,120 and 500, respectively. Growth performance was measured. On d 35, all pigs were euthanized and jejunal mucosa, jejunal digesta, jejunal tissues, and ileal digesta were collected to determine the effects of increasing XG levels and XG intake on intestinal health. Results Increasing XG intake tended to quadratically decrease (P = 0.059) viscosity of jejunal digesta (min: 1.74 mPa·s at 751/335 (TXU/TGU)/kg). Increasing levels of XG quadratically decreased (P

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2049-1891Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/04028bd24c3a49ce9fbda0990816e0baTest

المؤلفون: Sung Woo Kim, Marcos Elias Duarte

المصدر: Animal Bioscience, Vol 37, Iss 8, Pp 1463-1473 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: body condition score, fecal score, growth performance, pigs, saccharomyces yeast postbiotics, sow, Zoology, QL1-991

الوصف: Objective Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics (SYP) in feeds for sows on the growth of offspring (Exp. 1), for nursery pigs on their growth (Exp. 2), and for nursery and finishing pigs on their growth (Exp. 3). Methods Exp. 1 had 80 sows at breeding assigned to 4 groups with SYP at 0, 0.050, 0.175, and 0.500 g/kg. Offspring were fed a common diet for 126 d. Exp. 2 had 144 barrows at 8 kg body weight (BW) allotted to CON (no SYP); YPC (SYP at 0.175 g/kg; d 0 to 42); and YPD (SYP at 1.25, 0.75, and 0 g/kg; d 0 to 7, d 8 to 21, and d 22 to 42, respectively) with 8 pens/treatment (6 pigs/pen). Exp. 3 had 96 barrows at 8 kg BW allotted to CON (no SYP); YPN (SYP at 0.175 g/kg; d 0 to 42); YPF (SYP at 0.100 g/kg; d 43 to 119); and YPA (SYP at 0.175 and 0.100 g/kg; d 0 to 42 and d 43 to 119, respectively) with 8 pens/treatment (3 pigs/pen). Results In Exp. 1, increasing SYP increased (p

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.animbiosci.org/upload/pdf/ab-23-0467.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2765-0189Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2765-0235Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/85592a32950149e89741dc7d7cfb24e7Test

المؤلفون: Luciano Roppa, Marcos Elias Duarte, Sung Woo Kim

المصدر: Animal Bioscience, Vol 37, Iss 4, Pp 786-793 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: latin america, pig production, pork production, swine industry, Zoology, QL1-991

الوصف: Latin America is a culturally, geographically, politically, and economically diverse region. Agriculture in Latin America is marked by a remarkable diversity of production systems, reflecting various agroecological zones, farm sizes, and technological levels. In the last decade, the swine industry increased by 30.6%, emerging as a great contributor to food security and economic development in Latin America. Brazil and Mexico dominate the pig production landscape, together accounting for 70% of sow inventory in the region. The swine industry in Latin America is predominantly comprised of small and medium-sized farms, however, in the past 30 years, the number of pig producers in Brazil dropped by 78%, whereas pork production increased by 326%. Similar to the global pork industry, the growing demand for pork, driven by population growth and changing dietary habits, presents an opportunity for the industry with an expected growth of 16% over the next decade. The export prospects are promising, however subject to potential disruptions from global market conditions and shifts in trade policies. Among the challenges faced by the swine industry, disease outbreaks, particularly African Swine Fever (ASF), present significant threats, necessitating enhanced biosecurity and surveillance systems. In 2023, ASF was reported to the Dominican Republic and Haiti, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in Mexico, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Venezuela, and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) in Mexico, Peru, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Ecuador. Additionally, feed costs, supply chain disruptions, and energy expenses have affected mainly the smaller and less efficient producers. The swine industry is also transitioning towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices, including efficient feed usage, and precision farming. Ensuring long-term success in the swine industry in Latin America requires a holistic approach that prioritizes sustainability, animal welfare, and consumer preferences, ultimately positioning the industry to thrive in the evolving global market.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.animbiosci.org/upload/pdf/ab-23-0453.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2765-0189Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2765-0235Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/165c272b92824802b20bff18a8eff4baTest

المؤلفون: Sung Woo Kim, Alexa Gormley, Ki Beom Jang, Marcos Elias Duarte

المصدر: Animal Bioscience, Vol 37, Iss 4, Pp 719-729 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: feed additives, intestinal health, nutrition, pig production, pork production, research trends, Zoology, QL1-991

الوصف: Global pig production has increased by 140% since the 1960s. The increase in global population, coupled with improving socioeconomic conditions of many countries has led to an increased consumption of meat globally, including pork. To keep up with demand and capitalize on economic opportunities, the countries of China, the United States (US), and the European Union (EU) have become the top 3 pork producers globally. China is of particular interest, as it is the both the largest country in pork production and pig numbers, as well as being the largest importer of pork from other countries. Globally, the efficiency of pork production has improved, in relation to the integration of pig production and the dramatic increase in research efforts in pig nutrition and production. Through integration, large producers can consolidate resources and maximize profits and efficiency. The increased research interest and efforts in pig production have given scientists and producers the opportunity to collaborate to adapt to challenges and identify possible solutions to issues brought on by a volatile global market. Intestinal health (23%), general nutrition and growth (23%), and amino acid nutrition (15%) were the top 3 areas (61%) leading research trends in pig nutrition and production. Major dietary interventions with feed additives evaluated include functional amino acids, feed enzymes, pre-/pro-/post-biotics, and phytobiotics with a common goal to improve the growth efficiency by enhancing nutrient utilization and intestinal health. With increasing global issues with environment, pig producers and the supporting scientists should continue their efforts to improve the production efficiency and to reduce the environmental footprint from pig production.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.animbiosci.org/upload/pdf/ab-23-0367.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2765-0189Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2765-0235Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/7a828e637af8411eb5a1861a9cb9bcd2Test

المؤلفون: Inkuk Yoon, Sang-Hyon Oh, Sung Woo Kim

المصدر: Journal of Animal Science and Technology, Vol 66, Iss 2, Pp 279-294 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Sustainable, Animal agriculture, Environment, Meat production, Animal culture, SF1-1100

الوصف: Agriculture has played a significant role in the national economy, contributing to food security, driving economic growth, and safeguarding the dietary habits of the population. Korean agriculture has been compelled to focus on intensive farming due to its limited cultivation area, excessive input costs, and the limitations of agricultural mechanization. In the Republic of Korea (R.O.K), the concept of environmentally friendly animal agriculture began to be introduced in the early 2000s. This concept ultimately aims to cultivate sustainable animal agriculture (SAA) through environmentally friendly production practices, ensuring the healthy rearing of animals to supply safe animal products. Despite the government’s efforts, there are still significant challenges in implementing environmentally friendly agriculture and SAA in the R.O.K. Therefore, the objective of this review is to establish the direction that the animal agriculture sector should take in the era of climate crisis, and to develop effective strategies for SAA tailored to the current situation in the R.O.K by examining the trends in SAA in the U.S. The animal agriculture sector in the U.S. has been working towards creating a SAA system where humans, animals, and the environment can coexist through government initiatives, industry research, technological support, and individual efforts. Efforts have been made to reduce emissions like carbon, and improve factors affecting the environment such as the carbon footprint, odor, and greenhouse gases associated with animal agriculture processes for animals such as cattle and pigs. The transition of the U.S. towards SAA appears to be driven by both external goals related to addressing climate change and the primary objectives of responding to the demand for safe animal products, expanding consumption, and securing competitiveness in overseas export markets. The demand for animal welfare, organic animal products, and processed goods has been increasing in the U.S. consumer market. A major factor in the transformation of the U.S. animal agriculture sector in terms of livestock specifications is attributed to environmentally friendly practices such as high-quality feed, heat stress reduction, improvements in reproductive ability and growth period reduction, and efforts in animal genetic enhancement.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.ejast.org/archive/view_article?doi=10.5187/jast.2024.e19Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2672-0191Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2055-0391Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8419ed717df342cdac1039b16866fc6bTest

المؤلفون: Marcos Elias Duarte, Wanpuech Parnsen, Shihai Zhang, Márvio L. T. Abreu, Sung Woo Kim

المصدر: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Amino acids, Growing-finishing pigs, Growth performance, Intestinal health, Low crude protein formulation, Net energy, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100

الوصف: Abstract Background Low crude protein (CP) formulations with supplemental amino acids (AA) are used to enhance intestinal health, reduce costs, minimize environmental impact, and maintain growth performance of pigs. However, extensive reduction of dietary CP can compromise growth performance due to limited synthesis of non-essential AA and limited availability of bioactive compounds from protein supplements even when AA requirements are met. Moreover, implementing a low CP formulation can increase the net energy (NE) content in feeds causing excessive fat deposition. Additional supplementation of functional AA, coupled with low CP formulation could further enhance intestinal health and glucose metabolism, improving nitrogen utilization, and growth performance. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of low CP formulations with supplemental AA on the intestinal health and growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. Methods In Exp. 1, 90 pigs (19.7 ± 1.1 kg, 45 barrows and 45 gilts) were assigned to 3 treatments: CON (18.0% CP, supplementing Lys, Met, and Thr), LCP (16.0% CP, supplementing Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, and Val), and LCPT (16.1% CP, LCP + 0.05% SID Trp). In Exp. 2, 72 pigs (34.2 ± 4.2 kg BW) were assigned to 3 treatments: CON (17.7% CP, meeting the requirements of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp); LCP (15.0% CP, meeting Lys, Thr, Trp, Met, Val, Ile, and Phe); and VLCP (12.8% CP, meeting Lys, Thr, Trp, Met, Val, Ile, Phe, His, and Leu). In Exp. 3, 72 pigs (54.1 ± 5.9 kg BW) were assigned to 3 treatments and fed experimental diets for 3 phases (grower 2, finishing 1, and finishing 2). Treatments were CON (18.0%, 13.8%, 12.7% CP for 3 phases; meeting Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp); LCP (13.5%, 11.4%, 10.4% CP for 3 phases; meeting Lys, Thr, Trp, Met, Val, Ile, and Phe); and LCPG (14.1%, 12.8%, 11.1% CP for 3 phases; LCP + Glu to match SID Glu with CON). All diets had 2.6 Mcal/kg NE. Results In Exp. 1, overall, the growth performance did not differ among treatments. The LCPT increased (P

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2049-1891Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a8a3661f16c74398881c7a9842ecde04Test