المؤلفون: Sachdev, Darpun D, Ng, Rilene Chew, Sankaran, Madeline, Ernst, Alexandra, Hernandez, Katherine T, Servellita, Venice, Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Alicia, Stoltey, Juliet, Cohen, Stephanie E, Nguyen, Trang Quyen, Chiu, Charles Y, Philip, Susan

المصدر: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 75(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Clinical Research, Biodefense, Vaccine Related, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Contact Tracing, Family Characteristics, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, San Francisco, contact tracing, household transmission, breakthrough, vaccination, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology

الوصف: BackgroundThe extent to which vaccinated persons diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can transmit to other vaccinated and unvaccinated persons is unclear.MethodsUsing data from the San Francisco Department of Public Health, this report describes outcomes of household contact tracing during 29 January-2 July 2021, where fully vaccinated patients with COVID-19 were the index case in the household.ResultsAmong 248 fully vaccinated patients with breakthrough infections, 203 (82%) were symptomatic and 105 were identified as the index patient within their household. Among 179 named household contacts, 71 (40%) contacts tested, over half (56%) were fully vaccinated and the secondary attack rate was 28%. Overall transmission from a symptomatic fully vaccinated patient with breakthrough infection to household contacts was suspected in 14 of 105 (13%) of households. Viral genomic sequencing of samples from 44% of fully vaccinated patients showed that 82% of those sequenced were infected by a variant of concern or interest and 77% by a variant carrying mutation(s) associated with resistance to neutralizing antibodies.ConclusionsTransmission from fully vaccinated symptomatic index patients to vaccinated and unvaccinated household contacts can occur. Indoor face masking and timely testing of all household contacts should be considered when a household member receives a positive test result in order to identify and interrupt transmission chains.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8cr130ntTest

المؤلفون: Karmarkar, Ellora N, Blanco, Irin, Amornkul, Pauli N, DuBois, Amie, Deng, Xianding, Moonan, Patrick K, Rubenstein, Beth L, Miller, David A, Kennedy, Idamae, Yu, Jennifer, Dauterman, Justin P, Ongpin, Melissa, Hathaway, Wilmie, Hoo, Lisa, Trammell, Stephanie, Dosunmu, Ejovwoke F, Yu, Guixia, Khwaja, Zenith, Lu, Wendy, Talai, Nawzaneen Z, Jain, Seema, Louie, Janice K, Philip, Susan S, Federman, Scot, Masinde, Godfred, Wadford, Debra A, Bobba, Naveena, Stoltey, Juliet, Smith, Adrian, Epson, Erin, Chiu, Charles Y, Bennett, Ayanna S, Vasquez, Amber M, Williams, Troy

المصدر: Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 42(10)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Biotechnology, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Lung, Vaccine Related, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Cohort Studies, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, San Francisco, Skilled Nursing Facilities, Medical and Health Sciences, Epidemiology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences

الوصف: ObjectiveTo describe epidemiologic and genomic characteristics of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a large skilled-nursing facility (SNF), and the strategies that controlled transmission.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study was conducted during March 22-May 4, 2020, among all staff and residents at a 780-bed SNF in San Francisco, California.MethodsContact tracing and symptom screening guided targeted testing of staff and residents; respiratory specimens were also collected through serial point prevalence surveys (PPSs) in units with confirmed cases. Cases were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize viral isolate lineages and relatedness. Infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions included restricting from work any staff who had close contact with a confirmed case; restricting movement between units; implementing surgical face masking facility-wide; and the use of recommended PPE (ie, isolation gown, gloves, N95 respirator and eye protection) for clinical interactions in units with confirmed cases.ResultsOf 725 staff and residents tested through targeted testing and serial PPSs, 21 (3%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive: 16 (76%) staff and 5 (24%) residents. Fifteen cases (71%) were linked to a single unit. Targeted testing identified 17 cases (81%), and PPSs identified 4 cases (19%). Most cases (71%) were identified before IPC interventions could be implemented. WGS was performed on SARS-CoV-2 isolates from 4 staff and 4 residents: 5 were of Santa Clara County lineage and the 3 others were distinct lineages.ConclusionsEarly implementation of targeted testing, serial PPSs, and multimodal IPC interventions limited SARS-CoV-2 transmission within the SNF.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2dm3r26hTest

المؤلفون: Imbert, Elizabeth, Kinley, Patrick M, Scarborough, Ashley, Cawley, Caroline, Sankaran, Madeline, Cox, Sarah N, Kushel, Margot, Stoltey, Juliet, Cohen, Stephanie, Fuchs, Jonathan D

المصدر: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 73(2)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Coronaviruses, Health Services, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Homelessness, Lung, Social Determinants of Health, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Disease Outbreaks, Ill-Housed Persons, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, San Francisco, SARS-CoV2, homeless persons, disease outbreaks, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical sciences

الوصف: We report the public health response to a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in a San Francisco shelter where 67% of residents and 17% of staff tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe the limited utility of case investigation, person-based contact tracing and symptom screening, and the benefits of mass testing in outbreak response.

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j13c08mTest

المؤلفون: Reid, Michael, Enanoria, Wayne, Stoltey, Juliet, Philip, Susan, Fuchs, Jonathan, Lockwood, Amy, Krueger, Elizabeth, White, Karen, Celentano, Jessica, Rutherford, George, Scheer, Susan, Nguyen, Trang, Sachdev, Darpun

المصدر: Journal of Public Health Policy. 42(2)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Emerging Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Biodefense, Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, COVID-19 Testing, Contact Tracing, Data Management, Efficiency, Organizational, Humans, Pandemics, Public Health Administration, Quarantine, SARS-CoV-2, San Francisco, Social Work, Contact tracing, Epidemiology, Containment, Policy and Administration, Public Health

الوصف: In order to effectively control spread of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), it is essential that jurisdictions have the capacity to rapidly trace close contacts of each and every case. Best practice guidance on how to implement such programs is urgently needed. We describe the early experience in the City and County of San Francisco (CCSF), where the City's Department of Health expanded contact tracing capability in anticipation of changes in San Francisco's 'shelter in place' order between April and June 2020. Important prerequisites to successful scale-up included a rapid expansion of the COVID-19 response workforce, expansion of testing capability, and other containment resources. San Francisco's scale-up offers a model for how other jurisdictions can rapidly mobilize a workforce. We underscore the importance of an efficient digital case management system, effective training, and expansion of supportive service programs for those in quarantine or isolation, and metrics to ensure continuous performance improvement.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1554503bTest

المؤلفون: Louie, Janice K, Scott, Hyman M, DuBois, Amie, Sturtz, Natalya, Lu, Wendy, Stoltey, Juliet, Masinde, Godfred, Cohen, Stephanie, Sachdev, Darpun, Philip, Susan, Bobba, Naveena, Aragon, Tomas, Robin, Allen-Contreras, Sabrina, Alonso, Nicole, Copeland, Adam, Corona, George, Lee, Kaylene, Lemen, Melissa, Ongpin, Lisa, Watson, Sheilah, Zarate

المصدر: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 72(11)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Health Services, Aging, Prevention, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, COVID-19, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Long-Term Care, SARS-CoV-2, San Francisco, Skilled Nursing Facilities, coronavirus, skilled nursing facility, elderly, infection control, mass testing, health care worker, San Francisco Department of Public Health COVID-19 Skilled Nursing Facility Outbreak Response Team, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology

الوصف: Coronavirus disease 2019 can cause significant mortality in the elderly in long-term care facilities (LTCF). We describe 4 LTCF outbreaks where mass testing identified a high proportion of asymptomatic infections (4%-41% in healthcare workers and 20%-75% in residents), indicating that symptom-based screening alone is insufficient for monitoring for COVID-19 transmission.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3x73x0m2Test

المؤلفون: Bailey, Allison, Kennedy, Idamae, Ansorg, Henning, Doohan, Noemi C, Robles-Davis, Shellie, Stoltey, Juliet, Epson, Erin, Siegel, Jane D

المصدر: Open Forum Infectious Diseases ; volume 10, issue Supplement_2 ; ISSN 2328-8957

مصطلحات موضوعية: Infectious Diseases, Oncology

الوصف: Background In February 2023, a local health department (LHD) notified the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) Program of 3 patients hospitalized for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia and/or abscess following sacroiliac (SI) joint injections for pain at an outpatient surgery center. Two recovered after treatment and one expired 9 days after the injection. CDPH-HAI and the LHD conducted an investigation. Methods LHD and CDPH infection preventionist staff went on site to evaluate infection control (IC) practices. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on all available MSSA isolates at the CDPH Microbial Diseases Laboratory. Results Initial investigation revealed single-dose vials of one product had been used for multiple patients; this practice was discontinued. WGS found the 3 patient isolates were identical (0 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference). The same healthcare personnel (HCP) team had performed the procedures for all 3 infected patients. A site visit identified gaps in IC and injection safety practices. One HCP who provided care to all 3 patients had visible skin lesions on their hands, wore bracelets, and was unaware of a facility policy to report if they were unable to perform adequate hand hygiene. MSSA screening cultures were collected from 3 involved HCP and were positive in only the HCP with skin lesions. WGS showed that the HCP MSSA isolates were highly related to the patient isolates (0-2 SNP difference). We advised the facility to develop an IC program tailored to the procedures performed, including adverse event surveillance, adherence monitoring of hand hygiene and environmental services practices, and attention to injection safety. The MSSA colonized HCP was referred for treatment of their skin condition and decolonization and was restricted from patient care until their skin condition improved. Phylogenetic tree for MSSA Conclusion A combination of injection safety and hand hygiene lapses ...

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad500.1292Test
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/10/Supplement_2/ofad500.1292/53749817/ofad500.1292.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Plotzker, Rosalyn E., Murphy, Ryan D., Stoltey, Juliet E.

المصدر: Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2018 Sep 01. 45, S29-S37.

الوصول الحر: https://www.jstor.org/stable/48512807Test

المؤلفون: Biswas, Hope H., Ng, Rilene A. Chew, Murray, Erin L., Chow, Joan M., Stoltey, Juliet E., Watt, James P., Bauer, Heidi M.

المصدر: Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2018 Jul 01. 45(7), 435-441.

الوصول الحر: https://www.jstor.org/stable/48512819Test

المؤلفون: Sachdev, Darpun D, Chew Ng, Rilene, Sankaran, Madeline, Ernst, Alexandra, Hernandez, Katherine T, Servellita, Venice, Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Alicia, Stoltey, Juliet, Cohen, Stephanie E, Nguyen, Trang Quyen, Chiu, Charles Y, Philip, Susan

المساهمون: National Institutes of Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Heluna Health/California Department of Public Health

المصدر: Clinical Infectious Diseases ; volume 75, issue 1, page e267-e275 ; ISSN 1058-4838 1537-6591

مصطلحات موضوعية: Infectious Diseases, Microbiology (medical)

الوصف: Background The extent to which vaccinated persons diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can transmit to other vaccinated and unvaccinated persons is unclear. Methods Using data from the San Francisco Department of Public Health, this report describes outcomes of household contact tracing during 29 January–2 July 2021, where fully vaccinated patients with COVID-19 were the index case in the household. Results Among 248 fully vaccinated patients with breakthrough infections, 203 (82%) were symptomatic and 105 were identified as the index patient within their household. Among 179 named household contacts, 71 (40%) contacts tested, over half (56%) were fully vaccinated and the secondary attack rate was 28%. Overall transmission from a symptomatic fully vaccinated patient with breakthrough infection to household contacts was suspected in 14 of 105 (13%) of households. Viral genomic sequencing of samples from 44% of fully vaccinated patients showed that 82% of those sequenced were infected by a variant of concern or interest and 77% by a variant carrying mutation(s) associated with resistance to neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions Transmission from fully vaccinated symptomatic index patients to vaccinated and unvaccinated household contacts can occur. Indoor face masking and timely testing of all household contacts should be considered when a household member receives a positive test result in order to identify and interrupt transmission chains.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab1042Test
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/75/1/e267/45513719/ciab1042.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Louie, Janice K., Stoltey, Juliet, Scott, Hyman M., DuBois, Amie, Golden, Lisa, Philip, Susan, Aragón, Tomás J.

المصدر: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ; volume 68, issue 12, page 2744-2745 ; ISSN 0002-8614 1532-5415

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16765Test