المؤلفون: Simon Badger, Matteo Becchetti, Nicolò Giraudo, Simone Zoia

المصدر: Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol 2024, Iss 7, Pp 1-41 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Higher-Order Perturbative Calculations, Top Quark, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798

الوصف: Abstract We compute the differential equations for the two remaining integral topologies contributing to the leading colour two-loop amplitudes for pp → t t ¯ j $$ t\overline{t}j $$ . We derive differential equations for the master integrals by solving the integration-by-parts identities over finite fields. Of the two systems of differential equations, one is presented in canonical ‘d log’ form, while the other is found to have an elliptic sector. For the elliptic topology we identify the relevant elliptic curve, and present the differential equations in a more general form which depends quadratically on ε and contains non-logarithmic one-forms in addition to the canonical d log’s. We solve the systems of differential equations numerically using generalised series expansions with the boundary terms obtained using the auxiliary mass flow method. A summary of all one-loop and two-loop planar topologies is presented including the list of alphabet letters for the ‘d log’ form systems and high-precision boundary values.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1029-8479Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/7a5fb3b6aaeb47c3beafe07d1fd93a9dTest

المؤلفون: Karen Y. Oróstica, Sebastian B. Mohr, Jonas Dehning, Simon Bauer, David Medina-Ortiz, Emil N. Iftekhar, Karen Mujica, Paulo C. Covarrubias, Soledad Ulloa, Andrés E. Castillo, Anamaría Daza-Sánchez, Ricardo A. Verdugo, Jorge Fernández, Álvaro Olivera-Nappa, Viola Priesemann, Seba Contreras

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract Genomic surveillance (GS) programmes were crucial in identifying and quantifying the mutating patterns of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this work, we develop a Bayesian framework to quantify the relative transmissibility of different variants tailored for regions with limited GS. We use it to study the relative transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Chile. Among the 3443 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected between January and June 2021, where sampling was designed to be representative, the Gamma (P.1), Lambda (C.37), Alpha (B.1.1.7), B.1.1.348, and B.1.1 lineages were predominant. We found that Lambda and Gamma variants’ reproduction numbers were 5% (95% CI: [1%, 14%]) and 16% (95% CI: [11%, 21%]) larger than Alpha’s, respectively. Besides, we observed a systematic mutation enrichment in the Spike gene for all circulating variants, which strongly correlated with variants’ transmissibility during the studied period (r = 0.93, p-value = 0.025). We also characterised the mutational signatures of local samples and their evolution over time and with the progress of vaccination, comparing them with those of samples collected in other regions worldwide. Altogether, our work provides a reliable method for quantifying variant transmissibility under subsampling and emphasises the importance of continuous genomic surveillance.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/e6f2e7c4123f42b7b73aef249bd28c4aTest

المؤلفون: Cassey Muir, Sophie G. E. Kedzior, Simon Barrett, Ruth McGovern, Eileen Kaner, Ingrid Wolfe, Julia R. Forman, On behalf of the ORACLE consortium

المصدر: Research Involvement and Engagement, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Family, Adverse childhood experiences, Parents, Mental health, Children, Young people, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Abstract Background Clustering and co-occurring of family adversities, including mental health problems, substance use, domestic violence and abuse, as well as poverty can increase health and behavioural risks for children, which persist throughout the life course. Yet, interventions that acknowledge and account for the complex interactive nature of such risks are limited. This study aimed to develop intervention principles based on reflections from mothers, fathers, and young people who experience multiple and interacting adversities. These principles will show how family members perceive an intervention may bring about positive change and highlight key insights into design and delivery. Methods A series of six co-design workshops with mothers, fathers, and young people who experienced multiple and interacting adversities (n = 41) were iteratively conducted across two regions in England (London and North-East) by four researchers. Workshop content and co-design activities were informed by advisory groups. Data from facilitator notes and activities were analysed thematically, resulting in a set of intervention principles. Results The intervention principles highlighted that: (1) to reduce isolation and loneliness parents and young people wanted to be connected to services, resources, and peer support networks within their local community, particularly by a knowledgeable and friendly community worker; (2) to address feelings of being misunderstood, parents and young people wanted the development of specialised trauma informed training for practitioners and to have the space to build trusting, gradual, and non-stigmatising relationships with practitioners; and (3) to address the needs and strengths of individual family members, mothers, fathers, and young people wanted separate, tailored, and confidential support. Conclusions The current study has important implications for practice in supporting families that experience multiple and interacting adversities. The intervention principles from this study share common characteristics with other intervention models currently on offer in the United Kingdom, including social prescribing, but go beyond these to holistically consider the whole families’ needs, environments, and circumstances. There should be particular focus on the child’s as well as the mothers’ and fathers’ needs, independently of the family unit. Further refinement and piloting of the developing intervention are needed.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2056-7529Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/bd98364e0c3846e1baa5b5eeecc3d758Test

المؤلفون: Alejandra Contreras-Manzano, Christine M. White, Claudia Nieto, Kathia L. Quevedo, Jorge Vargas-Meza, David Hammond, James F. Thrasher, Simón Barquera, Alejandra Jáuregui

المصدر: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Warning labels, Food purchasing behavior, Nutrition labeling, Food policy, Sugar sweetened beverages, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: Abstract Background Front-of-package nutritional warning labels (WLs) are designed to facilitate identification and selection of healthier food choices. We assessed self-reported changes in purchasing different types of unhealthy foods due to WLs in Mexico and the association between the self-reported reductions in purchases of sugary beverages and intake of water and sugar-sweetened beverages. Methods Data came from 14 to 17 year old youth (n = 1,696) and adults ≥ 18 (n = 7,775) who participated in the Mexican arm of the 2020–2021 International Food Policy Study, an annual repeat cross-sectional online survey. Participants self-reported whether the WLs had influenced them to purchase less of each of nine unhealthy food categories due to WLs. Among adults, a 23-item Beverage Frequency Questionnaire was used derive past 7-day intake of water and sugary beverages analyzed to determine the relationship between self-reported reductions in purchasing sugary drinks due to the WLs. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the percentage of participants who self-reported reducing purchases within each food group, and overall. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with this reduction were investigated as well. Results Overall, 44.8% of adults and 38.7% of youth reported buying less of unhealthy food categories due to the implementation of WL, with the largest proportion reporting decreased purchases of cola, regular and diet soda. A greater impact of WLs on the reported purchase of unhealthy foods was observed among the following socio-demographic characteristics: females, individuals who self-identified as indigenous, those who were overweight, individuals with lower educational levels, those with higher nutrition knowledge, households with children, and those with a significant role in household food purchases. In addition, adults who reported higher water intake and lower consumption of sugary beverages were more likely to report reduced purchases of sugary drinks due to the WLs. Adults who reported greater water intake and lower sugary beverages intake were significantly more likely to report buying fewer sugary drinks due to the WLs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that implementation of WLs has reduced perceived purchases of unhealthy foods in Mexico. These results underscore the potential positive impact of the labeling policy particularly in subpopulations with lower levels of education and among indigenous adults.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1479-5868Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/b662873f16074d579a8b66658a837d83Test

المؤلفون: Yeshaya David M. Greenberg, Rosemary Holt, Carrie Allison, Paula Smith, Robbie Newman, Theo Boardman-Pretty, Jonathan Haidt, Simon Baron-Cohen

المصدر: Molecular Autism, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Autism, Moral judgements, Moral foundations theory, Empathizing-systemizing theory, Political identification, Libertarians, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429

الوصف: Abstract Background Do autistic people share the same moral foundations as typical people? Here we built on two prominent theories in psychology, moral foundations theory and the empathizing–systemizing (E–S) theory, to observe the nature of morality in autistic people and systemizers. Methods In dataset 1, we measured five foundations of moral judgements (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity) measured by the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) in autistic (n = 307) and typical people (n = 415) along with their scores on the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ). In dataset 2, we measured these same five foundations along with E–S cognitive types (previously referred to as “brain types”) in a large sample of typical people (N = 7595). Results Autistic people scored the same on Care (i.e., concern for others) as typical people (h1). Their affective empathy (but not their cognitive empathy) scores were positively correlated with Care. Autistic people were more likely to endorse Fairness (i.e., giving people what they are owed, and treating them with justice) over Care (h2). Their systemizing scores were positively correlated with Fairness. Autistic people or those with a systemizing cognitive profile had lower scores on binding foundations: Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity (h3). Systemizing in typical people was positively correlated with Liberty (i.e., hypervigilance against oppression), which is a sixth moral foundation (h4). Although the majority of people in all five E–S cognitive types self-identified as liberal, with a skew towards empathizing (h5), the percentage of libertarians was highest in systemizing cognitive types (h6). E–S cognitive types accounted for 2 to 3 times more variance for Care than did sex. Limitations Our study is limited by its reliance on self-report measures and a focus on moral judgements rather than behavior or decision-making. Further, only dataset 2 measured political identification, therefore we were unable to assess politics in autistic people. Conclusions We conclude that some moral foundations in autistic people are similar to those in typical people (despite the difficulties in social interaction that are part of autism), and some are subtly different. These subtle differences vary depending on empathizing and systemizing cognitive types.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2040-2392Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/3247be7ad66344568aed64799af851aaTest

المؤلفون: Cameron J. Owen, Steven B. Torrisi, Yu Xie, Simon Batzner, Kyle Bystrom, Jennifer Coulter, Albert Musaelian, Lixin Sun, Boris Kozinsky

المصدر: npj Computational Materials, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492, Computer software, QA76.75-76.765

الوصف: Abstract This work examines challenges associated with the accuracy of machine-learned force fields (MLFFs) for bulk solid and liquid phases of d-block elements. In exhaustive detail, we contrast the performance of force, energy, and stress predictions across the transition metals for two leading MLFF models: a kernel-based atomic cluster expansion method implemented using sparse Gaussian processes (FLARE), and an equivariant message-passing neural network (NequIP). Early transition metals present higher relative errors and are more difficult to learn relative to late platinum- and coinage-group elements, and this trend persists across model architectures. Trends in complexity of interatomic interactions for different metals are revealed via comparison of the performance of representations with different many-body order and angular resolution. Using arguments based on perturbation theory on the occupied and unoccupied d states near the Fermi level, we determine that the large, sharp d density of states both above and below the Fermi level in early transition metals leads to a more complex, harder-to-learn potential energy surface for these metals. Increasing the fictitious electronic temperature (smearing) modifies the angular sensitivity of forces and makes the early transition metal forces easier to learn. This work illustrates challenges in capturing intricate properties of metallic bonding with current leading MLFFs and provides a reference data set for transition metals, aimed at benchmarking the accuracy and improving the development of emerging machine-learned approximations.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2057-3960Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a68504f7e9f24d84b4a565a76a1b91dbTest

المؤلفون: Jupri Mustofa, Simon Bambang Widjanarko, Ahmad Zaki Mubarok

المصدر: Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 77-92 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: glukomanan porang, gula aren, mocd, stabilitas, susu kedelai, Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: Susu kedelai merupakan minuman sumber protein nabati. Permasalahan susu kedelai ada 2, yakni stabilitas rendah dan tinggi kalori, karena memakai pemanis gula tebu. Tujuan penelitian ini membuat minuman susu kedelai yang menunjukkan stabilitas tinggi dan rendah kalori, dengan membuat formula yang terdiri atas: susu kedelai, menambahkan tepung glukomanan porang dan mengganti gula pasir dengan gula aren. 16 total perlakuan dirancang dengan metode Mixture Optimal Custom Design (MOCD) memakai Design Expert Versi 13, dengan 3 variabel bebas: proporsi susu kedelai, tepung glukomanan porang dan gula aren. Respon percobaan: total gula dan stabilitas susu kedelai. Hasil verifikasi dibandingkan dengan susu kedelai komersil merk: “Soybaru”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan formula optimum (prediksi DX) adalah: susu kedelai 88,5 g, proporsi glukomanan (GM) porang 1,5 g dan gula aren 10 g, dimana kandungan total gula sebesar 4,41% dan stabilitas 97,51% dengan nilai desirability 91,8%. Uji verifikasi menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata (p0,05), untuk kadar protein, total lemak, pH, bau, rasa, warna dan penerimaan secara keseluruhan.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://jtp.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtp/article/view/1318/1153Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1411-5131Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2528-2794Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/92ed963216f34cc3922f9b377feb9ebbTest

المؤلفون: Tobias P. Whelan, Eileen Daly, Nicolaas A. Puts, Paula Smith, Carrie Allison, Simon Baron-Cohen, Ekaterina Malievskaia, Declan G. M. Murphy, Grainne M. McAlonan

المصدر: BMC Psychiatry, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Autism, Psilocybin, Psychedelics, Serotonin, Pharmacology, Neuroimaging, Psychiatry, RC435-571

الوصف: Abstract Background The underlying neurobiology of the complex autism phenotype remains obscure, although accumulating evidence implicates the serotonin system and especially the 5HT2A receptor. However, previous research has largely relied upon association or correlation studies to link differences in serotonin targets to autism. To directly establish that serotonergic signalling is involved in a candidate brain function our approach is to change it and observe a shift in that function. We will use psilocybin as a pharmacological probe of the serotonin system in vivo. We will directly test the hypothesis that serotonergic targets of psilocybin – principally, but not exclusively, 5HT2A receptor pathways—function differently in autistic and non-autistic adults. Methods The ‘PSILAUT’ “shiftability” study is a case–control study autistic and non-autistic adults. How neural responses ‘shift’ in response to low doses (2 mg and 5 mg) of psilocybin compared to placebo will be examined using multimodal techniques including functional MRI and EEG. Each participant will attend on up to three separate visits with drug or placebo administration in a double-blind and randomized order. Results This study will provide the first direct evidence that the serotonin targets of psilocybin function differently in the autistic and non-autistic brain. We will also examine individual differences in serotonin system function. Conclusions This work will inform our understanding of the neurobiology of autism as well as decisions about future clinical trials of psilocybin and/or related compounds including stratification approaches. Trial registration NCT05651126.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-244XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/cfecf35bb67a407984c82a33eb4ceb24Test

المؤلفون: Kathia Larissa Quevedo, Alejandra Jáuregui, Claudia Nieto, Alejandra Contreras-Manzano, Christine M. White, Lana Vanderlee, Simón Barquera, Camila Corvalán, David Hammond

المصدر: Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, Vol 48, Iss 33, Pp 1-10 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: food labeling, adolescent, child, sugar-sweetened beverages, chile, mexico, Medicine, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: Objective. To examine sociodemographic differences in the awareness, understanding, use and effect of nutrition labels among Mexican and Chilean youth. Methods. Online surveys among youth (10-17 years) were obtained in 2019 (n=2631). Participants reported their awareness, understanding, and use of their country-specific nutrition facts tables (NFT) and front-of-pack labels (FOPL) (Chile: warning labels [WLs]; Mexico: guideline daily amounts [GDA]). Additionally, participants reported their perceived healthfulness of a sweetened fruit drink after viewing one of six versions of it with different FOPL (no-label control, Health Star Rating, WLs, GDAs, Traffic Light, or Nutri-Score) during an experimental task. Results. Higher self-reported nutrition knowledge was associated with higher NFT and FOPL awareness, understanding, and use, except for WL use. WLs were the most effective FOPL in decreasing the perceived healthfulness of the sweetened fruit drink compared to a no-label condition and other FOP labels. In Chile, the effect of GDA differed by income adequacy, while in Mexico Nutri-Score differed by age. Conclusions. Results suggest that nutrition label awareness, use, understanding, and impact differ across demographics, favoring higher income and nutrition knowledge. Despite this, WLs are likely to have a positive impact on nutrition-related knowledge and behaviors among Mexican and Chilean youth, independently of their socio-demographic groups.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/59399Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1020-4989Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1680-5348Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/06ababa8a1904239bb17c237867d2dd8Test

المؤلفون: Laura Skrubbeltrang Hansen, Stine Frey Laursen, Simon Bahrndorff, Morten Kargo, Jesper Givskov Sørensen, Goutam Sahana, Hanne Marie Nielsen, Torsten Nygaard Kristensen

المصدر: Genetics Selection Evolution, Vol 56, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Animal culture, SF1-1100, Genetics, QH426-470

الوصف: Abstract Background There is a burgeoning interest in using insects as a sustainable source of food and feed, particularly by capitalising on various waste materials and by-products that are typically considered of low value. Enhancing the commercial production of insects can be achieved through two main approaches: optimising environmental conditions and implementing selective breeding strategies. In order to successfully target desirable traits through selective breeding, having a thorough understanding of the genetic parameters pertaining to those traits is essential. In this study, a full-sib half-sib mating design was used to estimate variance components and heritabilities for larval size and survival at day seven of development, development time and survival from egg to adult, and to estimate correlations between these traits, within an outbred population of house flies (Musca domestica), using high-throughput phenotyping for data collection. Results The results revealed low to intermediate heritabilities and positive genetic correlations between all traits except development time and survival to day seven of development and from egg to adulthood. Surprisingly, larval size at day seven exhibited a comparatively low heritability (0.10) in contrast to development time (0.25), a trait that is believed to have a stronger association with overall fitness. A decline in family numbers resulting from low mating success and high overall mortality reduced the amount of available data which resulted in large standard errors for the estimated parameters. Environmental factors made a substantial contribution to the phenotypic variation, which was overall high for all traits. Conclusions There is potential for genetic improvement in all studied traits and estimates of genetic correlations indicate a partly shared genetic architecture among the traits. All estimates have large standard errors. Implementing high-throughput phenotyping is imperative for the estimation of genetic parameters in fast developing insects, and facilitates age synchronisation, which is vital in a breeding population. In spite of endeavours to minimise non-genetic sources of variation, all traits demonstrated substantial influences from environmental components. This emphasises the necessity of thorough attention to the experimental design before breeding is initiated in insect populations.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1297-9686Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/7953db1ee5da436faef820e0a9f3adc4Test