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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Panzeri, Davide, Toini, Elisa, Vertemara, Jacopo, Silvestri, Giuseppe, Bunea, Victor Vladut, Zecca, Giovanni, Nissim, Werther Guidi, Wagensommer, Robert Philipp, Zampella, Giuseppe, Labra, Massimo, Grassi, Fabrizio
المساهمون: Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
المصدر: PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET ; ISSN 2572-2611 2572-2611
الوصف: Societal Impact Statement The legume crop cowpea is grown worldwide, but 90% of the world's total share is produced in Africa. It is a promising species due to its resilience properties, balance of macro and micronutrients and presence of health‐promoting bioactive compounds. In African countries, cowpea has a crucial role in guaranteeing food security as a subsistence crop for families and commercial income for small farmers. The discovery of compounds with high nutraceutical value and bioactive properties supports socio‐economic policies to improve health and nutrition, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In turn, this encourages biodiversity protection and crop enhancement programmes. Summary Bowman–Birk protease inhibitors (BBIs) are a restricted group of small proteins in plants mainly involved in defence mechanisms against pests. BBIs are demonstrated to be active components capable of reducing the viabilities of different cancer cell lines. BBI bioactivity is directly linked to the inhibition capacity, but the variability and the efficiency against the physiological targets of different BBI isoforms remain still unexplored. We analysed the natural genetic diversity of two main genes encoding BBI trypsin‐trypsin (BBI‐TT) and trypsin‐chymotrypsin (BBI‐TC) in wild and domesticated cowpea samples mainly spread in Sub‐Saharan Africa. We analysed DNA sequences and respective amino acidic isoforms/isoproteins to explore signs of natural selection and haplotype relationships. Moreover, we calculated the binding energy between BBIs and their biological targets to identify which are the most efficient inhibitors and their geographical locations. We found a high level of haplotype diversity for both genes, almost exclusively in wild accessions and detected positive and negative selection signals in the amino acid sequences. Furthermore, in the wild diversity pool, some BBI‐TT and BBI‐TC mature proteins were potentially better interactors with the physiological targets. The long interaction between ...
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Chavez-Badiola, Alejandro, Farías, Adolfo Flores-Saiffe, Mendizabal-Ruiz, Gerardo, Silvestri, Giuseppe, Griffin, Darren K., Valencia-Murillo, Roberto, Drakeley, Andrew J., Cohen, Jacques
المصدر: Reproductive BioMedicine Online ; page 103934 ; ISSN 1472-6483
مصطلحات موضوعية: Developmental Biology, Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.103934Test
https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1472648324001238?httpAccept=text/xmlTest
https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1472648324001238?httpAccept=text/plainTest -
3رسالة جامعية
المؤلفون: Silvestri, Giuseppe
مرشدي الرسالة: Griffin, Darren
مصطلحات موضوعية: 500
الوصف: In vitro production (IVP) in agricultural species such as pigs and cattle is performed in a similar manner to human IVF, and involves ovum pick up or oocyte maturation, fertilization outside the body and subsequent transfer of viable embryos. Its application in agricultural breeding can significantly speed up genetic gain rates by reducing generational intervals, increasing selection intensity, and facilitating the dissemination of valuable genetics. IVP is an increasingly important tool for breeding companies given the ongoing emphasis on feeding a growing population with fewer resources. With the above in mind, the aim of this work was to improve the yield of competent, euploid, and high genetic merit IVP embryos available for transfer. Oocytes destined for IVP are commonly assessed for developmental competence by morphological screening. To determine whether it would be possible to improve the utilisation of oocytes per donor, the developmental competence of porcine oocytes with decreasing cumulus oocyte complex (COC) investment was examined. It was found that current IVP practice is wasteful, through the elimination of oocytes with slightly impaired morphology, which still have remarkable developmental potentials. Moreover, whilst it is accepted that embryo splitting (generating more than one embryo from a single fertilized zygote) could benefit the breeding industry by increasing the offspring of the most desirable parents, a comparative analysis of the different splitting methodologies available, including stage of the split and single versus serial splitting strategies, is currently missing in the literature. Here, the splitting of an 8-cell stage embryo into four identical twins was identified as the strategy producing the greatest output of good quality embryos. Additionally, time-lapse investigation of the embryo splits found evidence of the existence of a developmental clock that tightly regulates early cleavage events. Normally, only embryos that display satisfactory morphology are selected for transfer. However, in cattle and pigs, this assessment is complicated by the accumulation of lipid droplets within the embryo, which renders it opaque. Consequently, there is scope for the application of new imaging modalities, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), which are able to image an embryo in full depth and non-invasively. In this work, swept source OCT was successfully tested for use in early stage bovine embryos to obtain both structural and functional imaging. Moreover, micron-scale movements were measured within blastocysts by OCT as a way to rapidly discriminate between living and deceased embryos, representing a novel application of this methodology. Embryo biopsies can be used to establish the genetic merit of an embryo through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, allowing the application of genomic selection soon after fertilisation rather than at birth. Moreover, SNP information can be analysed by karyomapping to select the most chromosomally normal embryos for transfer. Here, the birth of the first five karyomapped calves in the world is reported. Additionally, karyomapping was used to measure the incidence of aneuploidy in bovine blastocysts by parent of origin and to determine the recombination frequency for each chromosome, demonstrating the applicability of this methodology to basic research.
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4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: ZINGALES ROBERTO, SILVESTRI GIUSEPPE, DI MARIA GIORGIO
المساهمون: ZINGALES ROBERTO, SILVESTRI GIUSEPPE, DI MARIA GIORGIO
مصطلحات موضوعية: GIOVANNI MELI, Settore MED/02 - Storia Della Medicina, Settore L-FIL-LET/05 - Filologia Classica
الوقت: EIGHTEEN NINETEEN CENTURY MEDECINE: RHETORIC AND TEXTUAL PROBLEMS
الوصف: Si discute del primo Ricettario di Giovanni Meli come documento della cultura scientifica sette / ottocentesca a Palermo, esaminando anche questioni filologiche sul latino scientifico del tempo, che avranno importanza per i fini ecdotici.
العلاقة: volume:12; issue:1; firstpage:94; lastpage:115; numberofpages:22; journal:INTRASFORMAZIONE; https://hdl.handle.net/10447/585770Test
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5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Jochems, Reina, Canedo-Ribeiro, Carla, Silvestri, Giuseppe, Derks, Martijn F.L., Hamland, Hanne, Zak, Louisa J., Knol, Egbert F., Handyside, Alan H., Grindflek, Eli, Griffin, Darren K.
المصدر: Cells 12 (2023) 5 ; ISSN: 2073-4409
مصطلحات موضوعية: androgenetic, aneuploidy, cytogenetics, in vitro embryo production, parthenogenetic, porcine
الوصف: Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is widespread, but controversial, in humans and improves pregnancy and live birth rates in cattle. In pigs, it presents a possible solution to improve in vitro embryo production (IVP), however, the incidence and origin of chromosomal errors remains under-explored. To address this, we used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based PGT-A algorithms in 101 in vivo-derived (IVD) and 64 IVP porcine embryos. More errors were observed in IVP vs. IVD blastocysts (79.7% vs. 13.6% p < 0.001). In IVD embryos, fewer errors were found at blastocyst stage compared to cleavage (4-cell) stage (13.6% vs. 40%, p = 0.056). One androgenetic and two parthenogenetic embryos were also identified. Triploidy was the most common error in IVD embryos (15.8%), but only observed at cleavage, not blastocyst stage, followed by whole chromosome aneuploidy (9.9%). In IVP blastocysts, 32.8% were parthenogenetic, 25.0% (hypo-)triploid, 12.5% aneuploid, and 9.4% haploid. Parthenogenetic blastocysts arose from just three out of ten sows, suggesting a possible donor effect. The high incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in general, but in IVP embryos in particular, suggests an explanation for the low success of porcine IVP. The approaches described provide a means of monitoring technical improvements and suggest future application of PGT-A might improve embryo transfer success.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
العلاقة: https://edepot.wur.nl/590761Test; https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/preimplantation-genetic-testing-for-aneuploidy-pgt-a-reveals-highTest
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12050790Test
https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/preimplantation-genetic-testing-for-aneuploidy-pgt-a-reveals-highTest -
6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Tutt, Desmond A. R., Guven-Ates, Gizem, Kwong, Wing Yee, Simmons, Rob, Sang, Fei, Silvestri, Giuseppe, Canedo-Ribeiro, Carla, Handyside, Alan H., Labrecque, Remi, Sirard, Marc André, Emes, Richard D., Griffin, Darren K., Sinclair, Kevin D.
مصطلحات موضوعية: Oocyte, aneuploidy, DNA methylation, IVM, serum, melatonin, cumulus cells, blastocyst
الوصف: Background: In vitro maturation (IVM) of germinal vesicle intact oocytes prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF) is practiced widely in animals. In human assisted reproduction it is generally reserved for fertility preservation or where ovarian stimulation is contraindicated. Standard practice incorporates complex proteins (CP), in the form of serum and/or albumin, into IVM media to mimic the ovarian follicle environment. However, the undefined nature of CP, together with batch variation and ethical concerns regarding their origin, necessitate the development of more defined formulations. A known component of follicular fluid, melatonin, has multifaceted roles including that of a metabolic regulator and antioxidant. In certain circumstances it can enhance oocyte maturation. At this stage in development, the germinal-vesicle intact oocyte is prone to aneuploidy and epigenetic dysregulation. Objectives: To determine the developmental, cytogenetic and epigenetic consequences of removing CP and including melatonin during bovine IVM. Materials and methods: The study comprised a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement comparing (i) the inclusion or exclusion of CP, and (ii) the addition (100 nM) or omission of melatonin, during IVM. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were retrieved from stimulated cycles. Following IVM and IVF, putative zygotes were cultured to Day 8 in standard media. RNAseq was performed on isolated cumulus cells, cytogenetic analyses (SNP-based algorithms) on isolated trophectoderm cells, and DNA methylation analysis (reduced representation bisulfite sequencing) on isolated cells of the inner-cell mass. Results: Removal of CP during IVM led to modest reductions in blastocyst development, whilst added melatonin was beneficial in the presence but detrimental in the absence of CP. The composition of IVM media did not affect the nature or incidence of chromosomal abnormalities but cumulus-cell transcript expression indicated altered metabolism (primarily lipid) in COCs. These effects preceded the establishment of ...
العلاقة: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/26802854Test; Frontiers in Endocrinology; Volume 14; https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/26802854/1/fendo-14-1280847Test
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1280847Test
https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/26802854/1/fendo-14-1280847Test
https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/26802854Test -
7دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Serrano Albal, María, Silvestri, Giuseppe, Kiazim, Lucas G., Vining, Lucy M., Zak, Louisa J., Walling, Grant A., Haigh, Alexandra M., Harvey, Simon C., Harvey, Katie E., Griffin, Darren K.
المصدر: Zygote ; volume 30, issue 6, page 801-808 ; ISSN 0967-1994 1469-8730
مصطلحات موضوعية: Cell Biology, Developmental Biology
الوصف: Summary In porcine in vitro production (IVP) systems, the use of oocytes derived from prepubertal gilts, whilst being commercially attractive, remains challenging due to their poor developmental competence following in vitro maturation (IVM). Follicular fluid contains important growth factors and plays a key role during oocyte maturation; therefore, it is a common supplementation for porcine IVM medium. However, follicular fluid contains many poorly characterized components, is batch variable, and its use raises biosecurity concerns. In an effort to design a defined IVM system, growth factors such as cytokines have been previously tested. These include leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), the combination of which is termed ‘FLI’. Here, using abattoir-derived oocytes in a well established porcine IVP system, we compared follicular fluid and FLI supplementation during both IVM and embryo culture to test the hypothesis that FLI can substitute for follicular fluid without compromising oocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. We demonstrate that in oocytes derived from prepubertal gilts, FLI supplementation enhances oocyte meiotic maturation and has a positive effect on the quality and developmental competence of embryos. Moreover, for the first time, we studied the effects of follicular fluid and FLI combined showing no synergistic effects.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0967199422000284Test
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0967199422000284Test -
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