المؤلفون: Sarah Gregory, Alex Griffiths, Amy Jennings, Fiona C. Malcomson, Jamie Matu, Anne-Marie Minihane, Graciela Muniz-Terrera, Craig W. Ritchie, Solange Parra-Soto, Emma Stevenson, Rebecca Townsend, Nicola Ann Ward, Oliver Shannon

المصدر: Nutrition & Metabolism, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Diet, Eatwell Guide, Cohort study, Cardiometabolic health, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627

الوصف: Abstract Background The Eatwell guide reflects the UK government's recommendations for a healthy and balanced diet. Previous research has identified associations between healthy eating patterns and both cardiovascular and brain health, although there is little evidence specifically focusing on the Eatwell Guide. To date no research has investigated associations between the Eatwell Guide and risk for future dementia. Methods Data from the PREVENT dementia cohort study baseline visit was used in this analysis. Binary and graded Eatwell Guide scores (BEWG, GEWG) were created from a self-reported Food Frequency Questionnaire. The CAIDE score was included as the primary outcome measure to represent risk for future Alzheimer’s disease. Secondary outcome measures included cardiometabolic health measures and brain health measures. Generalised additive models were run in R. Results A total of 517 participants were included in the analysis, with a mean BEWG score of 4.39 (± 1.66) (out of a possible 12 points) and GEWG score of 39.88 (± 6.19) (out of a possible 60 points). There was no significant association between either Eatwell Guide score and the CAIDE score (BEWG β: 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.07, 0.22; GEWG β: 0.02, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.06) or any measures of brain health. There was a significant association between higher GEWG score and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) (systolic β: -0.24, 95% CI: -0.45, -0.03; diastolic β: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.03; BMI β: -0.09, 95% CI: -0.16, -0.01). Conclusions Although not directly associated with the CAIDE score, the Eatwell Guide dietary pattern may be beneficial for dementia prevention efforts through the modification of hypertension and obesity, which are both known risk factors for dementia. Future work could replicate these findings in other UK-based cohorts as well as further development of Eatwell Guide scoring methodologies.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1743-7075Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/20052c3cfbb946889ea68485893dc191Test

المؤلفون: Ingrid Buller-Peralta, Sarah Gregory, Audrey Low, Maria-Eleni Dounavi, Katie Bridgeman, Georgios Ntailianis, Brian Lawlor, Lorina Naci, Ivan Koychev, Paresh Malhotra, John T. O’Brien, Craig W. Ritchie, Graciela Muniz-Terrera

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract To date, there is a considerable heterogeneity of methods to score Allostatic Load (AL). Here we propose a comprehensive algorithm (ALCS) that integrates commonly used approaches to generate AL risk categories and assess associations to brain structure deterioration. In a cohort of cognitively normal mid-life adults (n = 620, age 51.3 ± 5.48 years), we developed a comprehensive composite for AL scoring incorporating gender and age differences, high quartile approach, clinical reference values, and current medications, to then generate AL risk categories. Compared to the empirical approach (ALES), ALCS showed better model fit criteria and a strong association with age and sex. ALSC categories were regressed against brain and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes. Higher AL risk categories were associated with increased total, periventricular, frontal, and left parietal WMH volumes, also showing better fit compared to ALES. When cardiovascular biomarkers were removed from the ALSC algorithm, only left-frontal WMHV remained associated with AL, revealing a strong vascular burden influencing the index. Our results agree with previous evidence and suggest that sustained stress exposure enhances brain deterioration in mid-life adults. Showing better fit than ALES, our comprehensive algorithm can provide a more accurate AL estimation to explore how stress exposure enhances age-related health decline.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ccb535da1f184e7a9790aaf75a87d94aTest

المؤلفون: Sarah Gregory, Laura Booi, Natalie Jenkins, Katie Bridgeman, Graciela Muniz-Terrera, Francesca R. Farina

المصدر: Frontiers in Global Women's Health, Vol 4 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: hormonal contraception, oral contraception, brain health, Alzheimer’s disease, scoping review, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Women. Feminism, HQ1101-2030.7

الوصف: IntroductionWomen are significantly more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) than men. Suggestions to explain the sex differences in dementia incidence have included the influence of sex hormones with little attention paid to date as to the effect of hormonal contraception on brain health. The aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the current evidence base for associations between hormonal contraceptive use by women and non-binary people in early adulthood and brain health outcomes.MethodsA literature search was conducted using EMBASE, Medline and Google Scholar, using the keywords “hormonal contraception” OR “contraception” OR “contraceptive” AND “Alzheimer*” OR “Brain Health” OR “Dementia”.ResultsEleven papers were identified for inclusion in the narrative synthesis. Studies recruited participants from the UK, USA, China, South Korea and Indonesia. Studies included data from women who were post-menopausal with retrospective data collection, with only one study contemporaneously collecting data from participants during the period of hormonal contraceptive use. Studies reported associations between hormonal contraceptive use and a lower risk of ADRD, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), better cognition and larger grey matter volume. Some studies reported stronger associations with longer duration of hormonal contraceptive use, however, results were inconsistent. Four studies reported no significant associations between hormonal contraceptive use and measures of brain health, including brain age on MRI scans and risk of AD diagnosis.DiscussionFurther research is needed on young adults taking hormonal contraceptives, on different types of hormonal contraceptives (other than oral) and to explore intersections between sex, gender, race and ethnicity.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MVX63, identifier: OSF.io: 10.17605/OSF.IO/MVX63

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgwh.2023.1289096/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2673-5059Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/d9bb883d75d54dd39dc3c542a44022cfTest

المؤلفون: Oliver M. Shannon, Janice M. Ranson, Sarah Gregory, Helen Macpherson, Catherine Milte, Marleen Lentjes, Angela Mulligan, Claire McEvoy, Alex Griffiths, Jamie Matu, Tom R. Hill, Ashley Adamson, Mario Siervo, Anne Marie Minihane, Graciela Muniz-Tererra, Craig Ritchie, John C. Mathers, David J. Llewellyn, Emma Stevenson

المصدر: BMC Medicine, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Dementia, Alzheimer’s, Mediterranean diet, Genetics, Polygenic risk, Risk factors, Medicine

الوصف: Abstract Background The identification of effective dementia prevention strategies is a major public health priority, due to the enormous and growing societal cost of this condition. Consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been proposed to reduce dementia risk. However, current evidence is inconclusive and is typically derived from small cohorts with limited dementia cases. Additionally, few studies have explored the interaction between diet and genetic risk of dementia. Methods We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to explore the associations between MedDiet adherence, defined using two different scores (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener [MEDAS] continuous and Mediterranean diet Pyramid [PYRAMID] scores), and incident all-cause dementia risk in 60,298 participants from UK Biobank, followed for an average 9.1 years. The interaction between diet and polygenic risk for dementia was also tested. Results Higher MedDiet adherence was associated with lower dementia risk (MEDAS continuous: HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65–0.91; PYRAMID: HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.73–1.02 for highest versus lowest tertiles). There was no significant interaction between MedDiet adherence defined by the MEDAS continuous and PYRAMID scores and polygenic risk for dementia. Conclusions Higher adherence to a MedDiet was associated with lower dementia risk, independent of genetic risk, underlining the importance of diet in dementia prevention interventions.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1741-7015Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/96c1094b5136427b9806be92b04997b7Test

المؤلفون: Ivan Koychev, Karen Ritchie, Sarah Gregory, Tam Watermeyer, Michael Ben Yehuda, Graham Reid, Sarah D Bauermeister, Gregory Howgego, Graciela Muniz Terrera

المصدر: BMJ Mental Health, Vol 26, Iss 1 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Psychiatry, RC435-571

الوصف: Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (characterised by insulin resistance) and depression are significant challenges facing public health. Research has demonstrated common comorbidities among these three conditions, typically focusing on two of them at a time.Objective The goal of this study, however, was to assess the inter-relationships between the three conditions, focusing on mid-life (defined as age 40–59) risk before the emergence of dementia caused by AD.Methods In the current study, we used cross-sectional data from 665 participants from the cohort study, PREVENT.Findings Using structural equation modelling, we showed that (1) insulin resistance predicts executive dysfunction in older but not younger adults in mid-life, that (2) insulin resistance predicts self-reported depression in both older and younger middle-aged adults and that (3) depression predicts deficits in visuospatial memory in older but not younger adults in mid-life.Conclusions Together, we demonstrate the inter-relations between three common non-communicable diseases in middle-aged adults.Clinical implications We emphasise the need for combined interventions and the use of resources to help adults in mid-life to modify risk factors for cognitive impairment, such as depression and diabetes.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://ebmh.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300665.fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2755-9734Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/b33c3b4e5a4948729762cd26ebc4a8f4Test

المؤلفون: Carlos Estevez‐Fraga, Michael S. Elmalem, Marina Papoutsi, Alexandra Durr, Elin M. Rees, Nicola Z. Hobbs, Raymund A. C. Roos, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Blair R. Leavitt, Douglas R. Langbehn, Rachael I. Scahill, Geraint Rees, Sarah J. Tabrizi, Sarah Gregory

المصدر: Brain and Behavior, Vol 13, Iss 4, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: diffusion tensor imaging, Huntington's disease, longitudinal, presymptomatic, symptomatic, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571

الوصف: Abstract Background Whole‐brain longitudinal diffusion studies are crucial to examine changes in structural connectivity in neurodegeneration. Here, we investigated the longitudinal alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure across the timecourse of Huntington's disease (HD). Methods We examined changes in WM microstructure from premanifest to early manifest disease, using data from two cohorts with different disease burden. The TrackOn‐HD study included 67 controls, 67 premanifest, and 10 early manifest HD (baseline and 24‐month data); the PADDINGTON study included 33 controls and 49 early manifest HD (baseline and 15‐month data). Longitudinal changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity from baseline to last study visit were investigated for each cohort using tract‐based spatial statistics. An optimized pipeline was employed to generate participant‐specific templates to which diffusion tensor imaging maps were registered and change maps were calculated. We examined longitudinal differences between HD expansion‐carriers and controls, and correlations with clinical scores, including the composite UHDRS (cUHDRS). Results HD expansion‐carriers from TrackOn‐HD, with lower disease burden, showed a significant longitudinal decline in FA in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and an increase in MD across subcortical WM tracts compared to controls, while in manifest HD participants from PADDINGTON, there were significant widespread longitudinal increases in diffusivity compared to controls. Baseline scores in clinical scales including the cUHDRS predicted WM microstructural change in HD expansion‐carriers. Conclusion The present study showed significant longitudinal changes in WM microstructure across the HD timecourse. Changes were evident in larger WM areas and across more metrics as the disease advanced, suggesting a progressive alteration of WM microstructure with disease evolution.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2162-3279Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/14760f7b295f464cbc8b231b3d170168Test

المؤلفون: Sarah Gregory, Hannah Pullen, Craig W. Ritchie, Oliver M. Shannon, Emma J. Stevenson, Graciela Muniz-Terrera

المصدر: Experimental Gerontology, Vol 172, Iss , Pp 112065- (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Diet, Alzheimer's disease, Cerebrovascular disease, Systematic review, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5

الوصف: Previous studies have demonstrated an association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and better cognitive performance, lower incidence of dementia and lower Alzheimer's disease biomarker burden. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence base for MedDiet associations with hippocampal volume and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV). We searched systematically for studies reporting on MedDiet and hippocampal volume or WMHV in MedLine, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycInfo. Searches were initially carried out on 21st July 2021 with final searches run on 23rd November 2022. Risk of bias was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Of an initial 112 papers identified, seven papers were eligible for inclusion in the review reporting on 21,933 participants. Four studies reported on hippocampal volume, with inconclusive or no associations seen with MedDiet adherence. Two studies found a significant association between higher MedDiet adherence and lower WMHV, while two other studies found no significant associations. Overall these results highlight a gap in our knowledge about the associations between the MedDiet and AD and cerebrovascular related structural neuroimaging findings.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556522003746Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1873-6815Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/5bed65a378654182aa170d640dc836c8Test

المؤلفون: Sarah Gregory, Craig W. Ritchie, Karen Ritchie, Oliver Shannon, Emma J. Stevenson, Graciela Muniz-Terrera

المصدر: Frontiers in Aging, Vol 3 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Alzheimer disease, Mediterranean diet, risk factor, cohort study, cognition, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6

الوصف: Background: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), a primarily plant-based eating pattern, has been associated with lower dementia incidence. Much of the research has focused on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with less research looking at the preclinical symptomatically silent stages that pre-empt MCI and AD dementia. Although there is evidence from studies conducted globally, no studies have compared the effects of the MedDiet within and outside of the Mediterranean region in one cohort.Methods: Our study explored cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between MedDiet and cognition in the pan-European EPAD LCS, comparing those living within and outside of the Mediterranean region (as classified by European Union biogeographical definitions). After deriving MEDAS scores to quantify adherence to the MedDiet, we used linear regression and linear mixed effects models to test for associations between the MEDAS score and cognitive function measured by the Four Mountains Test (FMT) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). We additionally calculated MEDAS continuous and PYRAMID scores to provide alternative measures of MedDiet adherence.Results: We included 1826 participants, mean age 65.69 (±7.42) years, majority female (56.2%) with family history (65.8%) and minority APOEε4 carriers (38.9%). Higher MEDAS scores were associated with better performance on the FMT both cross-sectionally (n = 1,144, ß: −0.11, SE: 0.04, p = 0.007) and longitudinally (slope: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.04–0.17, p: 0.002). The effect was marginally greater in the Mediterranean region in the cross-sectional analysis, with a stronger effect emerging longitudinally. In exploratory analyses, the association between MEDAS and FMT scores was only seen in female participants. A sensitivity analysis excluding Toulouse and Perugia, as cities near, but not within, the biogeographical region, found significant associations between higher MEDAS and MEDAS continuous scores, and a number of RBANS total and index scores.Conclusion: MedDiet adherence is associated with better FMT scores, with effects seen most strongly in the Mediterranean region from longitudinal data. Our sensitivity analysis suggested a more global cognitive benefit of MedDiet adherence. This study highlights the need to further explore for whom and for what brain health outcomes the MedDiet confers benefit. This evidence would identify a window of opportunity in the life-course to maximise the benefit and better inform public health campaigns and patient-level interventions.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fragi.2022.1012598/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2673-6217Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/3ee4971876784821b3ee0f93a5847ab1Test

المؤلفون: Stina Saunders, Sarah Gregory, Matthew H. S. Clement, Cindy Birck, Serge van der Geyten, Craig W. Ritchie

المصدر: Frontiers in Neurology, Vol 13 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Alzheimer's disease, Longitudinal Cohort Study, public-private partnership, Innovative Medicines Initiative, secondary prevention, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429

الوصف: IntroductionTens of millions of people worldwide will develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), and only by intervening early in the preclinical disease can we make a fundamental difference to the rates of late-stage disease where clinical symptoms and societal burden manifest. However, collectively utilizing data, samples, and knowledge amassed by large-scale projects such as the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI)-funded European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia (EPAD) program will enable the research community to learn, adapt, and implement change.MethodIn the current article, we define and discuss the substantial assets of the EPAD project for the scientific community, patient population, and industry, describe the EPAD structure with a focus on how the public and private sector interacted and collaborated within the project, reflect how IMI specifically supported the achievements of the above, and conclude with a view for future.ResultsThe EPAD project was a €64-million investment to facilitate secondary prevention of AD dementia research. The project recruited over 2,000 research participants into the EPAD longitudinal cohort study (LCS) and included over 400 researchers from 39 partners. The EPAD LCS data and biobank are freely available and easily accessible via the Alzheimer's Disease Data Initiative's (ADDI) AD Workbench platform and the University of Edinburgh's Sample Access Committee. The trial delivery network established within the EPAD program is being incorporated into the truly global offering from the Global Alzheimer's Platform (GAP) for trial delivery, and the almost 100 early-career researchers who were part of the EPAD Academy will take forward their experience and learning from EPAD to the next stage of their careers.DiscussionThrough GAP, IMI-Neuronet, and follow-on funding from the Alzheimer's Association for the data and sample access systems, the EPAD assets will be maintained and, as and when sponsors seek a new platform trial to be established, the learnings from EPAD will ensure that this can be developed to be even more successful than this first pan-European attempt.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.1051543/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-2295Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/44f5c9f48060460d82ca6dc0d2155001Test

المؤلفون: Sarah Gregory, Scott G. Denham, Patricia Lee, Joanna P. Simpson, Natalie Z. M. Homer

المصدر: Metabolites, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 265 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: LC-MS/MS, saliva, steroid hormone, supported liquid extraction, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: A number of steroids, including glucocorticoids and sex hormones, have been associated with neurodegenerative and cardiovascular conditions common in aging populations. The application of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) steroid analysis offers an opportunity to conduct simultaneous multiplex steroid analysis within a given sample. In this paper, we describe the application of an LC-MS/MS steroid analysis method for the assessment of reference ranges of steroids in human saliva samples (200 µL) collected from older adults (age 50 years and above) enrolled in a European cohort investigating the risk for Alzheimer’s dementia. Saliva samples were prepared using supported liquid extraction (SLE) along with a calibration curve and analysed using a Waters I-Class UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography) and a Sciex QTrap 6500+ mass spectrometer. Mass spectrometry parameters of steroids were optimised for each steroid and a method for the chromatographic separation of 19 steroids was developed. Lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs), linearity and other method criteria were assessed. In total, data from 125 participants (500 samples) were analysed and assessed for reference ranges (64 male, 61 female). A total of 19 steroids were detected in saliva within the range of the method. There were clear diurnal patterns in most of the steroid hormones detected. Sex differences were observed for androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T), cortisone (E) and aldosterone (Aldo). In the first sample of the day, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was significantly higher in healthy volunteers compared to those with Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers. This LC-MS/MS method is suitable for the analysis of 19 steroids in saliva in adults.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/265Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1989Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/fb0e721495e94a65b8dea6c685f01657Test